you

Такође погледајте: You, yóu, yòu, yōu, yǒu, ȝou, и þou

Језици (9)

Cameroon Pidgin • Karawa • Leonese • Mandarin • Middle English • Mirandese • Pouye • Takia • Terebu

Страна категорија

Енглески

Систем

ен+нг=енг

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Alternative forms

ye (archaic nominative, dialectal plural)
ya, yah, yer, yeh, y', yo, yu, yuh (informal or eye dialect)
-cha (informal, after /t/)
-ja (informal, after /d/)
u (informal, internet)
yoo (eye dialect)
yew (obsolete or eye dialect)
youe, yow, yowe (obsolete)

Etymology

From Средњи Енглески you, yow, ȝow (object case of ye), from Стари Енглески ēow, īow (“you”, dative case of ġē), from Пра-Германски *iwwiz (“you”, dative case of *jīz), Western form of *izwiz (“you”, dative case of *jūz), from Proto-Indo-European *yūs (“you”, plural), *yū́.

Cognate with Шкотски you (“you”), Saterland Frisian jou (“you”), West Frisian jo (“you”), Low German jo, joe and oe (“you”), Холандски jou and u (“you”), Middle High German eu, iu (“you”, object pronoun), Латински vōs (“you”), Avestan 𐬬𐬋 (vō, “you”), Ashkun iã (“you”), Kamkata-viri šo (“you”), Санскрт यूयम् (yūyám, “you”)

See usage notes. Ye, you and your are cognate with Холандски jij/je, jou, jouw; Low German ji, jo/ju, jug and Немачки ihr, euch and euer respectively. Ye is also cognate with archaic Шведски I.

Pronunciation

(stressed)
- (Received Pronunciation) enPR: yo͞o, МФА^(кључ): /juː/
  ^help
- (General American) enPR: yo͞o, МФА^(кључ): /ju/
  ^help
- (General Australian) enPR: yo͞o, МФА^(кључ): /jʉː/
Audio: (file)
- Риме: -uː
(unstressed)
- (Received Pronunciation) enPR: yo͞o, МФА^(кључ): /ju/
- (General American, General Australian) enPR: yə, МФА^(кључ): /jə/
  ^help
Homophones: ewe, u, yew, yu, hew (in h-dropping dialects), hue (in h-dropping dialects)

When a word ending in /t/, /d/, /s/, or /z/ is followed by you, these may coalesce with the /j/, resulting in /tʃ/, /dʒ/, /ʃ/ and /ʒ/, respectively. This is occasionally represented in writing, e.g. gotcha (from got you) or whatcha doin'? (more formally what are you doing?).

Pronoun

you (second person, singular or plural, nominative or objective, possessive determiner your, possessive pronoun yours, singular reflexive yourself, plural reflexive yourselves)

(object pronoun) The people spoken, or written to, as an object. [from 9th c.]
Both of you should get ready now.
- 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), imprinted at London: By Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Genesis 42:14, column 1:
  And Ioſeph ſaid vnto them, That is it that I ſpake vnto you, ſaying, Ye are ſpies.
(reflexive, now US colloquial) (To) yourselves, (to) yourself. [from 9th c.]
- Шаблон:RQ:Shakespeare Richard 3
- Шаблон:RQ:KJV
- 1887, H. Rider Haggard, She: A History of Adventure‎^[1]:
  'Draw near, and wash you in the living flames, and take their virtue into your poor frames in all its virgin strength[.]'
- 1970, Donald Harington, Lightning Bug:
  ‘Pull you up a chair,’ she offered.
- 1975, Joseph Nazel, Death for Hire:
  You'd better get you a gun and kill him before he kills you or somebody.
(object pronoun) The person spoken to or written to, as an object. (Replacing thee; originally as a mark of respect.) [from 13th c.]
- c. 1485, Thomas Malory, Le Morte Darthur, Book VIII:
  I charge you, as ye woll have my love, that ye warne your kynnesmen that ye woll beare that day the slyve of golde uppon your helmet.
(subject pronoun) The people spoken to or written to, as a subject. (Replacing ye.) [from 14th c.]
You are all supposed to do as I tell you.
- 2016, VOA Learning English (public domain)
  Are you excited? ― Yes, I am excited!
  Audio (US): (file)
(subject pronoun) The person spoken to or written to, as a subject. (Originally as a mark of respect.) [from 15th c.]
- c. 1395, Geoffrey Chaucer, "The Clerk's Tale", Canterbury Tales, Ellesmere manuscript (c. 1410):
  certes lord / so wel vs liketh yow / And al youre werk / and euere han doon / þat we / Ne koude nat vs self deuysen how / We myghte lyuen / in moore felicitee [...].
- Шаблон:RQ:Austen Mansfield Park
(indefinite personal pronoun) Anyone, one; an unspecified individual or group of individuals (as subject or object). [from 16th c.]
- 2001, Polly Vernon, The Guardian, 5 May 2001:
  You can't choose your family, your lovers are difficult and volatile, but, oh, you can choose your friends - so doesn't it make much more sense to live and holiday with them instead?

Usage notes

Originally, you was specifically plural (indicating multiple people), and specifically the object form (serving as the object of a verb or preposition; like us as opposed to we). The subject pronoun was ye, and the corresponding singular pronouns were thee and thou, respectively. In some forms of (older) English, you and ye doubled as polite singular forms, e.g. used in addressing superiors, with thee and thou being the non-polite singular forms. In the 1600s, some writers objected to the use of "singular you"^[1] (compare objections to the singular they), but in modern English thee and thou are archaic and all but nonexistent and you is used for both the singular and the plural.
Several forms of English now distinguish singular you from various marked plural forms, such as you guys, y'all, you-uns, or youse, though not all of these are completely equivalent or considered Standard English.
The pronoun you is usually, but not always, omitted in imperative sentences. In affirmatives, it may be included before the verb (You go right ahead; You stay out of it); in negative imperatives, it may be included either before the don't, or (more commonly) after it (Don't you dare go in there; Don't you start now).
The pronoun you is also used in an indefinite sense: the generic you.
See Appendix:English parts of speech for other personal pronouns.

Synonyms

(subject pronoun: person spoken/written to):
yer (UK eye dialect)

plus the alternative forms listed above and at Appendix:English personal pronouns
(subject pronoun: persons spoken/written to; plural): See Тезаурус:en or Тезаурус:y'all
(object pronoun: person spoken/written to): thee (singular, archaic), ye, to you, to thee, to ye
(object pronoun: persons spoken/written to): ye, to you, to ye, to you all
(one): one, people, they, them

Derived terms

Descendants

Belizean Creole: yu
Bislama: yu
Cameroon Pidgin: you
Jamaican Creole: yuh
Nigerian Pidgin: yu
Sranan Tongo: yu
Ток Писин: yu
Torres Strait Creole: yu

Translations

See you/translations § Pronoun.

Determiner

you

The individual or group spoken or written to.
Have you gentlemen come to see the lady who fell backwards off a bus?
Used before epithets, describing the person being addressed, for emphasis.
You idiot!
- 2015, Judi Curtin, Only Eva, The O'Brien Press (→ISBN 9781847177506):
  'You genius!' I shouted in Aretta's ear. 'You absolute genius! Why didn't you tell us you were so good?'

Derived terms

Translations

See you/translations § Determiner.

Verb

you (third-person singular simple present yous, present participle youing, simple past and past participle youed)

(transitive) To address (a person) using the pronoun you (in the past, especially to use you rather than thou, when you was considered more formal).
- 1930, Barrington Hall, Modern Conversation, Brewer & Warren, page 239:
  Youing consists in relating everything in the conversation to the person you wish to flatter, and introducing the word “you” into your speech as often as possible.
- 1992, Barbara Anderson, Portrait of the Artist’s Wife, Victoria University Press, page 272:
  Now even Princess Anne had dropped it. Sarah had heard her youing away on television the other night just like the inhabitants of her mother’s dominions beyond the seas.
- 2004, Ellen Miller, Brooklyn Noir, Akashic Books, "Practicing":
  But even having my very own personal pronoun was risky, because it’s pretty tough to keep stopped-hope stopped up when you are getting all youed up, when someone you really like keeps promising you scary, fun, exciting stuff—and even tougher for the of that moment to remain securely devoid of hope, to make smart, self-denying decisions with Dad youing me—the long ooo of it broad and extended, like a hand.

Translations

See you/translations § Verb.

References

↑ The British Friend (November 1st, 1861), notes: "In 1659, Thomas Ellwood, Milton's friend and scoretary, thus expresses himself—“ The corrupt and unsound form of speaking in the plural number to a single person, you to one instead of thou, contrary to the pure, plain, and simple language ..."

Cameroon Pidgin

Pronoun

you

thou, thee, 2nd person singular subject and object personal pronoun

Јапански

Romanization

you

Rōmaji transcription of よう

Karawa

Noun

you

water

References

transnewguinea.org, citing D. C. Laycock, Languages of the Lumi Subdistrict (West Sepik District), New Guinea (1968), Oceanic Linguistics, 7 (1): 36-66

Leonese

Etymology

From Old Leonese yo, from Vulgar Latin *eo, attested from the 6th century in Romance, from Латински ego, from Proto-Italic *egō; akin to Грчки εγώ (egó), Санскрт अहम् (aham), all from Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂.

Pronoun

you

I

Mandarin

Romanization

Романизација

you

Nonstandard spelling of yōu.
Nonstandard spelling of yóu.
Nonstandard spelling of yǒu.
Nonstandard spelling of yòu.

Usage notes

English transcriptions of Mandarin speech often fail to distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without the appropriate indication of tone.

Middle English

Etymology 1

Pronoun

you

Alternative form of yow

Etymology 2

Pronoun

you

(chiefly Northern and East Midland dialectal) Alternative form of þou

Mirandese

FWOTD – 11 November 2012

Etymology

From Old Leonese you, from Vulgar Latin *eo, attested from the 6th century in Romance, from Латински ego.

Pronunciation

МФА^(кључ): /jow/

Pronoun

you

I (the first-person singular pronoun)
- 2008, “Ai que cochino!!! (ver. II)”, in Picä Tumilho (band) (music), Faíçca: Ua stória d'amor i laboura:
  I you cun muita fuorça spetei bien la faca
  And I strongly skewered (with) the knife.

Pouye

Noun

you

water

References

transnewguinea.org, citing D. C. Laycock, Languages of the Lumi Subdistrict (West Sepik District), New Guinea (1968), Oceanic Linguistics, 7 (1): 36-66

Takia

Etymology

Borrowed from Bargam yuw and Waskia yu.^[1]

Noun

you

water

References

Malcolm Ross, Andrew Pawley, Meredith Osmond, The Lexicon of Proto-Oceanic: The Culture and Environment (2007, →ISBN 1921313196

↑ Loanwords in Takia, in Loanwords in the World's Languages: A Comparative Handbook (edited by Martin Haspelmath, Uri Tadmor), page 761

Terebu

Noun

you

fire

you (енглески)

Слогови: you множина: you

Изговор:

IPA: [juː]

Аудио:

(датотека)

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Енглески личне заменице

			personal pronoun			possessive pronoun	possessive determiner
			subjective	objective	reflexive	possessive pronoun	possessive determiner
first person	singular		I	me	myself	mine	my mine (before vowels, archaic)
first person	plural		we	us	ourselves ourself	ours	our
second person	singular	standard	you	you	yourself	yours yourn (obsolete outside dialects)	your
	singular	archaic, informal	thou	thee	thyself theeself	thine	thy thine (before vowels)
	plural	standard	you you all ye (archaic)	you you all	yourselves	yours yourn (obsolete outside dialects)	your
	plural	informal / dialectal	(see list of dialectal forms at you and inflected forms in those entries)
third person	singular	masculine	he	him	himself hisself (archaic)	his hisn (obsolete outside dialects)	his
		feminine	she	her	herself	hers hern (obsolete outside dialects)	her
		neuter	it	it	itself	its his (archaic)	its his (archaic)
		genderless	they	them	themself, themselves	theirs	their
		genderless, nonspecific (formal)	one	one	oneself	–	one's
	plural		they	them	themselves	theirs theirn (obsolete outside dialects)	their