letter

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Енглески

Pronunciation

Cursive script letters (sense 1) of the English alphabet, together with some punctuation marks and numbers

A letter (sense 2) written in the early 19th century

• (Received Pronunciation) МФА^(key): /ˈlɛtə(ɹ)/

  • Audio (RP)

    (file)

• (General American) МФА^(key): /ˈlɛtɚ/, /-ɾɚ/

  • Audio (GA)

    (file)

• (General Australian) МФА^(key): /ˈletə(ɹ)/, /-ɾə(ɹ)/
• Риме: -ɛtə(ɹ)
• Hyphenation: let‧ter

Etymology 1

From Middle English letter, lettre, from Old French letre, from Латински littera (“letter of the alphabet"; in plural, "epistle”), from Etruscan, from Антички Грчки διφθέρᾱ (διφθέρᾱ, “tablet”). Displaced native Old English bōcstæf (bōcstæf, literally “book staff”) in sense 1 and ǣrendġewrit (ǣrendġewrit, literally “message writing”) in sense 2. Дублети of diphtheria.

Alternative forms

• lettre (obsolete)

Noun

letter (transliteration needed)

1. A symbol in an alphabet.

   There are twenty-six letters in the English alphabet.

   • Шаблон:RQ:KJV

     And a superscription also was written over him in letters of Greek, and Latin, and Hebrew.

2. A written or printed communication, generally longer and more formal than a note.

   I wrote a letter to my sister about my life.

   • 1692, William Walsh, “Preface”, in Letters and Poems, Amorous and Gallant:

     The style of letters ought to be free, easy, and natural.

   • 1922, Ben Travers, chapter 1, in A Cuckoo in the Nest‎^[1]:

     He read the letter aloud. Sophia listened with the studied air of one for whom, even in these days, a title possessed some surreptitious allurement.

   • 1977, Agatha Christie, chapter 4, in An Autobiography, part I, London: Collins, →ISBN:

     An indulgent playmate, Grannie would lay aside the long scratchy-looking letter she was writing (heavily crossed ‘to save notepaper’) and enter into the delightful pastime of ‘a chicken from Mr Whiteley's’.

3. The literal meaning of something, as distinguished from its intended and remoter meaning (the spirit).
   • 1650, Jeremy Taylor, The Rule and Exercises of Holy Living:

     We must observe the letter of the law, without doing violence to the reason of the law and the intention of the lawgiver.

   • Шаблон:RQ:Tennyson Princess
   • 2009 фебруар 23, “Euro MP expenses 'can reach £1m'”, in BBC‎^[2]:

     Some MEPs from some countries may have pocketed £2m more than I have by observing the letter but not the spirit of the rules.

4. (plural) Literature.

   Benjamin Franklin was multiskilled – a scientist, politician and a man of letters.

5. (law) A division unit of a piece of law marked by a letter of the alphabet.

   Letter (b) constitutes an exception to this provision.

6. (US, uncountable) A size of paper, 8½ in × 11 in (215.9 mm × 279.4 mm, US paper sizes rounded to the nearest 5 mm).
7. (Canada, uncountable) A size of paper, 215 mm × 280 mm.
8. (US, scholastic) Clipping of varsity letter.
9. (printing, dated) A single type; type, collectively; a style of type.
   • 1644 фебруар 8, John Evelyn, Diary:

     Under these buildings […] was the king's printing house, and that famous letter so much esteemed.

Synonyms

• (written character/alphabetic symbol): bookstaff/bookstave

Hyponyms

• epistle
• missive

Derived terms

• accountant's letter
• advisory letter
• air letter
• begging letter
• black letter
• capital letter
• chain letter
• comfort letter
• commercial letter of credit
• covering letter
• cover letter
• crank letter
• dead letter office
• Dear John letter
• deficiency letter
• domincal letter
• drop letter
• encyclical letter
• fan letter
• form letter
• four-letter
• four-letter word
• French letter
• green-ink letter
• guarantee letter
• investment letter
• irrevocable letter of credit
• letter blindness
• letter bomb
• letter bond
• letter box
• letter carrier
• letter case
• letterform
• letterhead
• letterman
• letter missive
• letter of administration
• letter of attorney
• letter of comfort
• letter of comment
• letter of credence
• letter of credit
• letter of guarantee
• letter of indemnity
• letter of intent
• Letter of Jeremiah
• letter of marque
• letter of motivation
• letter of the law
• letter of wishes
• letter opener
• letter paper
• letter perfect, letter-perfect
• letter-quality
• letter security
• letter stock
• letter telegram
• letterure
• letter writer
• love letter
• market letter
• news letter, news-letter, newsletter
• night letter
• night letter
• no-action letter
• open letter
• poison-pen letter
• red letter
• scarlet letter
• sea letter
• small letter
• swash letter
• to the letter
• transmittal letter
• varsity letter

 

Related terms

Terms etymologically related to letter

• literacy
• literal

• literary
• literate

• literature

Translations

a symbol in an alphabet

• Afrikaans: letter (af)
• Albanian: shkronjë (sq) f
• Alemannic German: Buchstabe m
• Amharic: ፊደል (fidäl)
• Arabic: حَرْف‎ (ar) m (ḥarf)

  Egyptian Arabic: حرف‎ m (ḥarf)

  Gulf Arabic: حرف‎ m (ḥarf)

• Armenian: տառ (hy) (taṙ), գիր (hy) (gir)
• Assamese: আখৰ (akhor)
• Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: ܐܵܬܘܼܬܵܐ‎ (atuta)
• Asturian: lletra (ast) f
• Avar: хӏарп (ḥʳarp)
• Azerbaijani: hərf (az)
• Bashkir: хәреф (xäref)
• Basque: letra
• Belarusian: лі́тара f (lítara)
• Bengali: অক্ষর (bn) (ôkkhôr), হরফ (hôrôph)
• Breton: lizherenn (br)
• Bulgarian: бу́ква (bg) f (búkva)
• Burmese: အက္ခရာ (my) (akhka.ra)
• Catalan: lletra (ca) f, caràcter (ca) m
• Central Atlas Tamazight:
• Central Dusun: pimato
• Chechen: элп (elp)
• Chichewa: lemba
• Chinese:

  Cantonese: 字母 (zi⁶ mou⁵), 字 (yue) (zi⁶)

  Dungan: ,

  Mandarin: 字母 (zh) (zìmǔ), 字 (zh) (zì), 文字 (zh) (wénzì)

  Min Nan: 字母 (zh-min-nan) (lī-bú / jī-bó / jī-bú), 字 (zh-min-nan) (lī / jī)

  Wu: , 字 (zr)

• Chuvash: саспалли (saspalli)
• Corsican: молим додајте овај превод ако можете
• Czech: písmeno (cs) n
• Dalmatian: latera f
• Danish: bogstav (da) n or c
• Dhivehi: އަކުރު‎ (akuru)
• Dutch: letter (nl) f, karakter (nl) n, letterteken (nl) n, boekstaaf (nl) m
• Esperanto: litero (eo)
• Estonian: täht (et), kirjatäht, aabe (et), pookstav
• Faroese: bókstavur (fo) m, stavur (fo) m
• Fijian: vola (fj)
• Finnish: kirjain (fi), aakkonen (fi)
• French: lettre (fr) f, caractère (fr) m
• Fula:

• Adlam: 𞤢𞤤𞤳𞤵𞤤𞤢𞤤‎, 𞤸𞤢𞤪𞤬𞤵‎
• Latin: alkulal, harfu

• Friulian: letare f, lètare f
• Galician: letra (gl) f
• Georgian: ასო (ka) (aso)
• German: Buchstabe (de) m, Letter (de) f
• Greek: γράμμα (el) n (grámma)

  Ancient: γράμμα n (γράμμα)

• Gujarati: અક્ષર (akṣar), હરફ (gu) (haraph)
• Haitian Creole: lèt
• Hawaiian: hua palapala
• Hebrew: אוֹת‎ (he) f (ot)
• Hindi: अक्षर (hi) m (akṣar), लिपि (hi) f (lipi), वर्ण (hi) m (varṇ), हरफ़ (hi) m (haraf), हर्फ़ m (harf), हरफ (hi) m (haraph), हर्फ (hi) (harph), आखर (hi) m (ākhar), अखर (hi) m (akhar)
• Hungarian: betű (hu)
• Icelandic: bókstafur (is) m, stafur (is) m
• Ilocano:
• Indonesian: huruf (id)
• Ingrian: aampuussen
• Interlingua: littera, litera
• Irish: litir (ga) f
• Italian: lettera (it) f, carattere (it) m, lettera dell'alfabeto f
• Japanese: ,
• Javanese:
• Kabyle: asekkil
• Kalmyk: үзг (üzg)
• Kannada: ಅಕ್ಷರ (kn) (akṣara)
• Kazakh: әріп (kk) (ärıp)
• Khmer: តួអក្សរ (tuəʾksɑɑ), អក្សរ (km) (ʾɑksɑɑ)
• Korean: 문자(文字) (ko) (munja), 글씨 (ko) (geulssi), 글자 (ko) (geulja)
• Kumyk:
• Kurdish:

  Central Kurdish: پیت‎ (ckb) (pît)

• Kyrgyz: тамга (ky) (tamga), арип (ky) (arip)
• Lao: ຕົວ (tūa), ຕົວອັກສອນ (tūa ’ak sǭn), ອັກສອນ (’ak sǭn), ອັກຂະຣະ (’ak kha ra), ຫນັງສື (nang sư̄), ຕົວຫນັງສື (tūa nang sư̄)
• Latgalian: liters m
• Latin: littera (la)
• Latvian: burts m
• Lithuanian: raidė (lt) f
• Low German: Bookstaav (nds) m, Bookstoov m
• (deprecated template usage) {{trans-mid}}
• Luxembourgish: Buschtaf m
• Lü: ᦟᦲᧅ (liik)
• Macedonian: буква f (bukva)
• Malay: huruf (ms)
• Malayalam: അക്ഷരം (ml) (akṣaraṃ)
• Maltese: ittra f
• Marathi: अक्षर (mr) (akṣar)
• Mongolian:

  Cyrillic: үсэг (mn) (üseg)

• Nepali: अक्षर (ne) (akṣara)
• Ngazidja Comorian: harufu class 9/10
• Norman: lettre f
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: bokstav (no) m

  Nynorsk: bokstav m

• Occitan: letra (oc) f, caractèr (oc) m
• Old Church Slavonic:

  Cyrillic: боукꙑ f (buky), писмѧ n (pismę)

• Old East Slavic: бꙋкꙑ f (buky), чьрта f (čĭrta)
• Old English: stæf (ang) m (stæf), bōcstæf m (bōcstæf)
• Old Javanese:
• Old Norse:
• Oriya: ଲିପି (or) (lipi)
• Ossetian: дамгъӕ (damǧæ)
• Ottoman Turkish:
• Pali:
• Pashto: حرف‎ (ps) m (harf)
• Persian: حرف‎ (fa) (harf), نویسه‎ (fa) (nevisa), وات‎ (fa) (vât)
• Plautdietsch: Büakstow (nds) f
• Polish: litera (pl) f
• Portuguese: letra (pt) f
• Punjabi: ਅੱਖਰ (pa) m (akkhar), ਹਰਫ਼ (haraf)
• Rajasthani: आखर (ākhar), अच्छर (acchar)
• Romanian: literă (ro) f, caracter (ro) n
• Romansch: letra f, bustab m, custab m
• Russian: бу́ква (ru) f (búkva), ли́тера (ru) f (lítera) (dated)
• Sanskrit: वर्ण (sa) m (varṇa), अक्षर (sa) n (akṣara)
• Sardinian: lítara f, lítera f
• Sauraseni Prakrit:
• Scottish Gaelic: litir f
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: сло̏во n, (archaic, poetic) бу̏ква f

  Roman: slȍvo (sh) n, (archaic, poetic) bȕkva (sh) f

• Shan: လိၵ်ႈ (shn) (līk)
• Sicilian: littra (scn) f, lìttira (scn) f
• Sindhi:
• Sinhalese: අකුර (si) (akura)
• Skolt Sami: bukva, ǩeʹrjj
• Slovak: písmeno n
• Slovene: črka (sl) f
• Sorbian:

  Lower Sorbian: pismik m

• Spanish: letra (es) f, carácter (es) m
• Swahili: herufi (sw)
• Swedish: bokstav (sv) c
• Tabasaran: гьярф (hjarf)
• Tagalog: ,
• Tajik: ҳарф (tg) (harf)
• Tamil: எழுத்து (ta) (eḻuttu)
• Tashelhit:
• Tatar: хәреф (tt) (xäref)
• Telugu: అక్షరము (te) (akṣaramu)
• Thai: ตัวอักษร (th), อักษร (th), อักขระ (th), ตัวหนังสือ (th), หนังสือ (th)
• Tibetan: ཡི་གེ (yi ge)
• Tigrinya: ፊደል (fidäl)
• Turkish: harf (tr)
• Turkmen: harp
• Ukrainian: бу́ква (uk) f (búkva), лі́тера (uk) f (lítera)
• Urdu: حرف‎ m (harf)
• Uyghur: ھەرپ‎ (herp)
• Uzbek:
• Venetian: łétara f, létara f, létera f
• Vietnamese: chữ cái (vi), kí tự (vi)
• Vilamovian: büchśtaow
• Volapük: tonat (vo), tonab (older term)
• Votic: tširjai
• Walloon: lete (wa) f
• Welsh: llythyren (cy) f
• Wutunhua: yegai
• Yagnobi: ҳарф (harf)
• Yiddish: אות‎ m or n (os), אָס‎ m or n (os), בוכשטאַב‎ m (bukhshtab)
• Yoruba: lẹ́tà
• Zazaki: herf (diq)
• Zhuang: cihmeh

written message

• Afrikaans: brief
• Ainu: カンピ (kampi)
• Aklanon: sueat
• Albanian: letër (sq) f
• Amharic: ደብዳቤ (däbdabe)
• Arabic: رِسَالَة‎ f (risāla), مَكْتُوب‎ m (maktūb)

  Egyptian Arabic: جواب‎ m (gawāb)

  Moroccan Arabic: برية‎ (briyya)

• Armenian: նամակ (hy) (namak)
• Aromanian: scriturã f, scripturã f, scriitoari f
• Assamese: চিঠি (sithi)
• Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: ܐܸܓܲܪܬܵܐ‎ (ʾigārta)
• Asturian: carta f
• Azerbaijani: məktub (az)
• Bashkir: хат (xat)
• Basque: eskutitz
• Belarusian: ліст m (list), пісьмо́ n (pisʹmó)
• Bengali: চিঠি (ciṭhi)
• Bulgarian: писмо́ (bg) n (pismó)
• Burmese: စာ (my) (ca)
• Buryat: бэшэг (bešeg)
• Catalan: carta (ca) f
• Cebuano:
• Central Atlas Tamazight:
• Chechen: кехат (kexat)
• Cherokee: ᎪᏪᎵ (chr) (goweli)
• Chichewa: kalata
• Chinese:

  Cantonese: 信 (yue) (seon³), 書信／书信, 书信 (syu¹ seon³), 尺牘／尺牍, 尺牍 (cek³ duk⁶) (literary)

  Dungan: фущин (fuxin),

  Mandarin: 信 (zh) (xìn), 信件 (zh) (xìnjiàn), 書信／书信 (zh), 书信 (zh) (shūxìn), 尺牘／尺牍 (zh), 尺牍 (zh) (chǐdú) (literary)

  Min Dong: 批 (piĕ), 信 (séng)

  Min Nan: 批 (zh-min-nan) (phoe, phe), 批信 (zh-min-nan) (phoe-sìn, phe-sìn)

  Wu: 信 (xin), 書信／书信, 书信 (sr xin)

• Chuvash: ҫыру (śyru)
• Classical Nahuatl: āmatlahcuilōlli
• Cornish: lyther m
• Corsican: молим додајте овај превод ако можете
• Czech: dopis (cs) m
• Danish: brev (da) n
• Dutch: brief (nl) m
• Esperanto: letero (eo)
• Estonian: kiri (et)
• Even: дукун (dukun)
• Evenki: дукувун (dukuwun)
• Faroese: bræv (fo) n
• Finnish: kirje (fi)
• French: lettre (fr) f
• Friulian: letare f, lètare f
• Fula:

• Latin: bataake, kuruyee
• Adlam: 𞤩𞤢𞤼𞤢𞥄𞤳𞤫‎, 𞤳𞤵𞤪𞤵𞤴𞤫𞥅‎

• Galician: carta (gl) f
• Georgian: წერილი (ka) (c̣erili), ბარათი (ka) (barati), უსტარი (usṭari)
• German: Brief (de) m
• Gothic: 𐌰𐌹𐍀𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌿𐌻𐌴 f (aipistaulē)
• Greek: επιστολή (el) f (epistolí), γράμμα (el) n (grámma)

  Ancient: ἐπιστολή f (ἐπιστολή)

• Greenlandic: allakkat
• Gujarati: પત્ર m (patra)
• Hausa: wàsīƙā̀ (ha) f
• Hawaiian: leka
• Hebrew: מִכְתָּב‎ (he) m (mikhtáv), אִיגֶּרֶת‎ (he) f ('igéret)
• Hindi: ख़त m (xat), पत्र (hi) m (patra), चिट्ठी (hi) f (ciṭṭhī), लेख (hi) m (lekh), नामा (hi) m (nāmā), मकतूब (hi) m (maktūb), खत (hi) m (khat), उत्तर (hi) m (uttar), जाब (hi) m (jāb), पत्रिका (hi) f (patrikā)
• Hungarian: levél (hu)
• Icelandic: bréf (is) n, sendibréf (is) n
• Ido: letro (io)
• Indonesian: surat (id)
• Interlingua: littera, littera
• Irish: litir (ga) f
• Italian: lettera (it) f
• Japanese:
• Javanese:
• Kabyle: tabrat f
• Kalmyk: бичг (biçg)
• Kannada: ಪತ್ರ (kn) (patra)
• Kazakh: хат (kk) (xat)
• Khmer: សំបុត្រ (km) (sɑmbotrɔɔ), ចុតហ្មាយ (cotmaay), សារ (km) (saa)
• Kikuyu: irũa class 5
• Konkani: पत्र (patra)
• Korean: 편지(便紙) (ko) (pyeonji), 편지(片紙) (ko) (pyeonji)
• (deprecated template usage) {{trans-mid}}
• Kumyk:
• Kurdish:

  Central Kurdish: نامە‎ (ckb) (name)

  Northern Kurdish:

• Kyrgyz: кат (ky) (kat)
• Lao: ຈົດໝາຍ (chot māi), ສາລາ (sā lā)
• Latin: epistula (la) f
• Latvian: vēstule f
• Lingala: mokandá class 3/4
• Lithuanian: laiškas (lt) m
• Low German: Breef m
• Luxembourgish: Bréif m
• Lü: ᦟᦻ (laay)
• Macedonian: писмо n (pismo)
• Malay: surat (ms)
• Malayalam: കത്ത് (ml) (kattŭ)
• Maltese: ittra f
• Manchu: ᡥᡝᡵᡤᡝᠨ
• Marathi: पत्र (mr) (patra)
• Mongolian:

  Cyrillic: захиа (mn) (zahia), захидал (mn) (zahidal)

• Nepali: पत्र (ne) (patra)
• Norman: lettre f
• North Frisian: (Mooring) bräif n, (Föhr-Amrum) briaf n
• Northern Sami: reive
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: brev (no) n

  Nynorsk: brev n

• Occitan: letra (oc) f
• Old English: ǣrendġewrit n (ǣrendġewrit)
• Old Javanese:
• Oriya: ଚିଠି (ciṭhi)
• Pashto: خط‎ (ps) m (xat)
• Persian: نامه‎ (fa) (nâme), مکتوب‎ (fa) (maktub)
• Plautdietsch: Breef m
• Polish: list (pl) m inan
• Portuguese: carta (pt) f
• Punjabi: ਖ਼ਤ m (xat), ਪੱਤਰ m (pattar), ਚਿੱਠੀ f (ciṭṭhī)
• Quechua: chaski qillqa
• Romanian: scrisoare (ro) f
• Romansch: brev f, breav f, charta f
• Russian: письмо́ (ru) n (pisʹmó), посла́ние (ru) n (poslánije)
• Rusyn: пи́смо n (pýsmo)
• Sanskrit: पत्रिका (sa) f (patrikā)
• Scottish Gaelic: litir f
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: пи́смо n

  Roman: písmo (sh) n

• Shan: လိၵ်ႈ (shn) (līk)
• Sindhi:
• Slovak: list (sk) m
• Slovene: pismo (sl) n
• Sorbian:

  Lower Sorbian: list m

• Spanish: carta (es) f
• Svan: ლა̈ირ (läir)
• Swahili: barua (sw)
• Swedish: brev (sv) n
• Tagalog: ,
• Tajik: нома (tg) (noma), мактуб (tg) (maktub)
• Tamil: கடுதாசி (ta) (kaṭutāci)
• Tashelhit:
• Tatar: хат (tt) (xat)
• Telugu: లేఖ (te) (lēkha), ఉత్తరము (te) (uttaramu), జాబు (te) (jābu)
• Tetum: karta, surat
• Thai: จดหมาย (th)
• Tibetan: ཡི་གེ (yi ge), ཕྱག་བྲིས (phyag bris) (honorific)
• Tigrinya: ደብዳበ (däbdabä)
• Tocharian B: parso
• Turkish: mektup (tr)
• Turkmen: hat
• Udmurt: гожтэт (gožtet)
• Ukrainian: лист m (lyst)
• Urdu: خط‎ (ur) m (xat), پتر‎ m (patra)
• Uyghur: خەت‎ (xet)
• Uzbek:
• Venetian: łétara f, létara f, létera f
• Vietnamese: thư (vi)
• Volapük: pened (vo), penedil (vo) (diminutive)
• Walloon: lete (wa)
• Welsh: llythyr (cy) m
• Yagnobi: мактуб (maktub)
• Yiddish: בריוו‎ m (briv)
• Yoruba: lẹ́tà

Verb

letter (transliteration needed)

1. (transitive) To print, inscribe, or paint letters on something.
2. (intransitive, US, scholastic) To earn a varsity letter (award).

Translations

To print, inscribe, or paint letters

• Bulgarian: надписвам (bg) (nadpisvam)
• (deprecated template usage) {{trans-mid}}

Etymology 2

From Middle English letere, equivalent to Африканс.

Alternative forms

• lettor

Noun

letter (transliteration needed)

1. One who lets, or lets out.

   the letter of a room

   a blood-letter

2. (archaic) One who retards or hinders.

Derived terms

• bloodletter

Translations

One who lets

• Bulgarian: наемодател m (naemodatel)
• (deprecated template usage) {{trans-mid}}

Further reading

• letter на Википедији.Википедији
• letter (disambiguation) на Википедији.Википедији
• letter in The Century Dictionary, The Century Co., New York, 1911
• letter in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913

Anagrams

• lettre, tetrel ^{(alphagram eelrtt)}

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Afrikaans

Etymology

From Холандски letter, from Middle Dutch lettere, from Old French lettre, from Латински littera.

Pronunciation

• МФА^(key): /ˈlɛ.tər/

Noun

1. letter (letter of the alphabet)

Derived terms

• hoofletter
• letterkunde

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Dutch

Etymology

From Middle Dutch lettere, from Old French lettre, from Латински littera.

Pronunciation

• МФА^(key): /ˈlɛ.tər/

• audio

  (file)

• Hyphenation: let‧ter
• Риме: -ɛtər

Noun

1. letter (letter of the alphabet)
2. (obsolete) letter (written message)

Derived terms

• beginletter
• blokletter
• boterletter
• chocoladeletter
• drukletter
• eindletter
• geletterd
• grote letter
• hoofdletter
• kenletter
• kleine letter
• koeienletter
• letteren
• letterkunde
• letterlijk
• lettertype
• letterwerk
• letterwoord
• letterzetter
• onderkastletter
• schrijfletter
• tussenletter
• voorletter

 

Descendants

• Африкански: letter
• Negerhollands: letter
• → Caribbean Javanese: lèter
• → Indonesian: leter
• → Papiamentu: lèter, lèterchi, letter
• → Saramaccan: letè

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Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology 1

Verb

1. present tense of lette

Etymology 2

Noun

1. неодређеног вида множине of lett Шаблон:nb-fcon

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Norwegian Nynorsk

Noun

1. неодређеног вида множине of lett Шаблон:nn-fcon

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Swedish

Noun

letter (transliteration needed)

1. indefinite plural of lett