白

Пређи на навигацију Пређи на претрагу
Такође погледајте: 日, 曰, 臼, 自, и 百
白 U+767D, 白
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-767D
← 發
[U+767C] 		ЦЈК јединствени идеограми 百 →
[U+767E]
⽩ U+2F69, ⽩
KANGXI RADICAL WHITE
← ⽨
[U+2F68] 		Канџи радикали ⽪ →
[U+2F6A]

Translingual

Редослед писања

Han character

Види слике од
Радикал 106 白

白 (Kangxi radical 106, 白+0, 5 strokes, cangjie input 竹日 (HA), четири-угла 26000, composition ⿱丿日)

  1. Кангци радикал #106, ⽩.

Derived characters

References

  • KangXi: page 785, карактер 1
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: карактер 22678
  • Dae Jaweon: страна 1196, карактер 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: том 4, страна 2642, карактер 1
  • Unihan data за U+767D

Chinese

једн. and трад.
 白

Glyph origin

Историјски облици карактера 白
Shang Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Знакови у истом фонетском низу (白) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Стари Кинески
怕
帕
粕
胉
泊
箔
魄
皕
伯
百
迫
敀
柏
湐
拍
珀
皛
洦
白
帛
舶
鮊
陌
帞
袹
蛨
貊
佰
銆
碧
咟

Unclear; probably a pictogram (象形).

Guo (1954) suggests that it represents a thumb and is original form of 拇 or, more probably, 擘.

Alternatively, Unger (apud Schuessler, 2007) suggests that it represents an acorn, noting its use in 樂 (“oak”) (= 櫟) and 皂 (“acorn”).

Etymology

STEDT derives it from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *bawk (“white”), whence also Proto-Bodo-Garo *bok (“white”), Limbu ᤑ (phô, “white”); also compare Proto-Mon-Khmer *kɓɔɔk (“white, grey”).

However, Schuessler (2007) finds it difficult to reconcile these forms with Средњи Кинески due to the lack of medial r. Instead, he proposes a derivation from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *bar (“white”) with -k extension, thus cognate with 皤 (“white”) (Wang, 1982), Mizo vâr (“(to be) white”), Proto-Karen *ʔ(b)wa (“white”).

Pronunciation

Нота: bó - extremely limited in usage, sometimes used in the name Li Bai (李白).
Нота:
  • pah7 - vernacular;
  • pet6 - literary (e.g. 明白).
  • Hakka
  • Jin
  • Min Bei
    • Нота:
    • bā, bà - vernacular;
    • bà̤ - literary.
  • Min Dong
    • Нота:
    • băh - vernacular;
    • bĕk - literary.
  • Мин Нан
    • Нота:
    • pe̍h/pe̍eh - vernacular (standalone and in most compounds, surname);
    • pe̍k/pia̍k - literary (in a few compounds).
  • Wu
  • Xiang

    • Definitions

    白

    1. white
      白色  ―  báisè  ―  white color
      白茶  ―  báichá  ―  white tea
    2. clear; easy to understand
      明白  ―  míngbai  ―  clear, obvious
      淺白 / 浅白  ―  qiǎnbái  ―  simple
    3. clear; pure; plain; blank
      白紙 / 白纸  ―  báizhǐ  ―  a blank sheet of paper
      白卷  ―  báijuǎn  ―  blank exam paper
      白水  ―  báishuǐ  ―  plain water
      白粥  ―  báizhōu  ―  plain congee
    4. bright; well-lit
    5. eminent; prominent
    6. vernacular
      白話 / 白话  ―  báihuà  ―  spoken language
    7. dialect
      蘇白 / 苏白  ―  sūbái  ―  Suzhou dialect
      京白  ―  jīngbái  ―  Beijing dialect
    8. Шаблон:zh-abbrev
    9. reactionary; anticommunist
      白軍 / 白军  ―  báijūn  ―  The White army
      白區 / 白区  ―  báiqū  ―  The White area
      白色恐怖  ―  báisèkǒngbù  ―  the White terror
    10. in vain; for nothing
      我們沒有白忙。 / 我们没有白忙。  ―  Wǒmen méiyǒu bái máng.  ―  Our efforts were not in vain.
      她白等了。  ―  Tā bái děng le.  ―  She waited in vain.
      他們的血沒有白流。 [MSC, trad.]
      他们的血没有白流。 [MSC, simp.]
      Tāmen de xuè méiyǒu bái liú. [Pinyin]
      Their blood was not shed in vain.
      所有的工作都白做了。 [MSC, trad. and simp.]
      Suǒyǒu de gōngzuò dōu bái zuò le. [Pinyin]
      All the work has been done for nothing.
      白來一趟 / 白来一趟  ―  bái lái yītàng  ―  to come in vain; to come for nothing
      白給的東西 / 白给的东西  ―  báigěi de dōngxi  ―  something given for nothing
    11. free of charge; gratuitous; gratis
      你可以白拿走這些蘋果。 [MSC, trad.]
      你可以白拿走这些苹果。 [MSC, simp.]
      Nǐ kěyǐ bái názǒu zhè xiē píngguǒ. [Pinyin]
      You can have these apples for free.
    12. to stare coldly; to stare at someone with the white of the eyes
      她生氣地白了他一眼。 [MSC, trad.]
      她生气地白了他一眼。 [MSC, simp.]
      Tā shēngqì de bái le tā yīyǎn. [Pinyin]
      She gave him an angry stare.
    13. to explain; to present; to state
      自白  ―  zìbái  ―  explain oneself, confess
      開場白 / 开场白  ―  kāichǎngbái  ―  preamble
      表白  ―  biǎobái  ―  to explain oneself
      辯白 / 辩白  ―  biànbái  ―  to explain, to defend oneself
    14. to mispronounce or wrongly write a character
      我老是寫白字讀破句。 [MSC, trad.]
      我老是写白字读破句。 [MSC, simp.]
      Wǒ lǎoshì xiě bái zì dúpòjù. [Pinyin]
      I always mispronounce words and break my sentences up in the wrong places.
      我把這字念白了。 / 我把这字念白了。  ―  Wǒ bǎ zhè zì niàn bái le.  ―  I've mispronounced the character.
    15. spoken lines
      念白  ―  niànbái  ―  spoken parts of a Chinese opera
      道白  ―  dàobái  ―  spoken parts of a Chinese opera
      獨白 / 独白  ―  dúbái  ―  monologue
      對白 / 对白  ―  duìbái  ―  dialogue
    16. funeral
      紅白喜事 / 红白喜事  ―  hóngbáixǐshì  ―  weddings and funerals
    17. A презиме​.. Bai
      白崇禧  ―  Bái Chóngxǐ  ―  Bai Chongxi
    18. (～族) Bai, an ethnic group living primarily in Yunnan, China

    Synonyms

    Descendants

    Sino-Xenic (白):

    Others:

    • → Proto-Southwestern Tai: *pʰɯəkᴰ¹ᴸ
    • → Proto-Vietic: *baːk
      • Вијетнамски: bạc
    • → Вијетнамски: bệch (“chalky; sickly white”)

    Compounds

    See also

    References

    Japanese

    Kanji

    白

    (grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    Readings

    Compounds

    Etymology 1

    Kanji за овај терм
    白
    しろ
    Степен: 1
    kun’yomi

    ⟨siro1⟩ → */sirʷo/ → /ɕiro/

    From Стари Јапански.

    The standalone apophonic form of shira below.

    Pronunciation

    Noun

    白(しろ) (shiro) 

    1. the color white
      Coordinate term: 黒 (kuro, “black”)
    2. (by extension) innocence
      Coordinate term: 黒 (kuro, “guilt”)
    3. (Go) a white go stone
    4. something unwritten
    5. (colloquial) the white team in a 紅白 (kōhaku) group
    6. (colloquial) an unlicensed prostitute
    7. (colloquial) Short for 銀 (shirogane): silver
    8. (colloquial) Synonym of 塩 (shio): salt
    9. (colloquial) Short for 白書院 (shiroshoin): a specific kind of drawing room or study, using unpainted cedar wood with straight grain
    10. a type of もつ焼き (motsuyaki) made from pig intestines
    11. in the game of 人狼 (Jinrō, “Werewolf; Mafia”), one who is on the villagers' side
      Антоним: 黒 (kuro)
      確定白(かくていしろ)・確白(かくしろ)
      kakutei-shiro kakushiro
      one who is certainly on the villagers' side
    Derived terms

    Etymology 2

    Kanji за овај терм
    白
    しら
    Степен: 1
    kun’yomi

    ⟨sira⟩ → /ɕira/

    From Стари Јапански.

    The combining apophonic form of shiro above, mostly used in compounds.

    Pronunciation

    Prefix

    白(しら) (shira-) 

    1. Combining form of しろ (shiro) above:
      1. white
      2. undyed, unpainted, unseasoned, etc.
      3. pure
      4. innocent
      5. normal, unspecial
    Derived terms

    Adjective

    白(しら) (shira) -na (adnominal 白(しら)な (shira na), adverbial 白(しら)に (shira ni))

    1. unapplied, undecorated; also the object that is unapplied or undecorated
    2. honest, serious; also the person who is honest or serious
    3. normal, unspecial; also the person who is normal or unspecial in position, occupation, or condition
    Inflection
    Inflection of 白
    Stem forms
    Imperfective (未然形) 白だろ しらだろ shira daro
    Continuative (連用形) 白で しらで shira de
    Terminal (終止形) 白だ しらだ shira da
    Attributive (連体形) 白な しらな shira na
    Hypothetical (仮定形) 白なら しらなら shira nara
    Imperative (命令形) 白であれ しらであれ shira de are
    Key constructions
    Informal negative 白ではない
    白じゃない         		しらではない
    しらじゃない         		shira de wa nai
    shira ja nai
    Informal past 白だった しらだった shira datta
    Informal negative past 白ではなかった
    白じゃなかった         		しらではなかった
    しらじゃなかった         		shira de wa nakatta
    shira ja nakatta
    Formal 白です しらです shira desu
    Formal negative 白ではありません
    白じゃありません         		しらではありません
    しらじゃありません         		shira de wa arimasen
    shira ja arimasen
    Formal past 白でした しらでした shira deshita
    Formal negative past 白ではありませんでした
    白じゃありませんでした         		しらではありませんでした
    しらじゃありませんでした         		shira de wa arimasen deshita
    shira ja arimasen deshita
    Conjunctive 白で しらで shira de
    Conditional 白なら（ば） しらなら（ば） shira nara (ba)
    Provisional 白だったら しらだったら shira dattara
    Volitional 白だろう しらだろう shira darō
    Adverbial 白に しらに shira ni
    Degree 白さ しらさ shirasa
    Classical conjugation of "白なり" (ナリ活用, see Додатак:Јапански глаголи.)
    Stem forms
    Irrealis (未然形) 白なら しらなら siranara
    Continuative (連用形) 白に[1]
    白なり[2]    		 しらに
    しらなり    		 sirani
    siranari
    Terminal (終止形) 白なり しらなり siranari
    Attributive (連体形) 白なる しらなる siranaru
    Realis (已然形) 白なれ しらなれ siranare
    Imperative (命令形) 白なれ しらなれ siranare
    Key constructions
    Negative 白ならず しらならず siranarazu
    Contrasting conjunction 白なれど しらなれど siranaredo
    Causal conjunction 白なれば しらなれば siranareba
    Conditional conjunction 白ならば しらならば siranaraba
    Past tense (firsthand knowledge) 白なりき しらなりき siranariki
    Past tense (secondhand knowledge) 白なりけり しらなりけり siranarikeri
    Adverbial 白に しらに sirani
    [1]Without auxiliary verb.
    [2]With auxiliary verb.
    Idioms

    Etymology 3

    Kanji за овај терм
    白
    はく
    Степен: 1
    kan’on

    From Средњи Кинески 白.

    The 漢音 (kan'on, literally “Han sound”) reading, so likely a later borrowing from Средњи Кинески.

    Pronunciation

    Noun

    白(はく) (haku) 

    1. the color white
    2. Short for 白人 (hakujin): an amateur
    3. a performer's lines
      Синоним: 台詞 (serifu)
    4. (mahjong) a white dragon tile
      Синоним: 白板 (paipan)
      Hypernym: 三元牌 (sangenpai)
    5. (mahjong) a 役 (yaku, “winning hand”) with a triplet or quad of white dragon tiles, worth 1 翻 (han, “double”)
      Hypernym: 役牌 (yakuhai, yaku-pai)
    Coordinate terms

    Affix

    白(はく) (haku) 

    1. white
    2. colorless, dirtless, markless
    3. bright and clear
    4. humbly say
    5. sake cup
    6. Short for 白居易 (Haku Kyoi): Bai Juyi
    Derived terms

    Etymology 4

    Kanji за овај терм
    白
    びゃく
    Степен: 1
    goon

    From Средњи Кинески 白.

    The 呉音 (goon, literally “Wu sound”) reading, so likely the original borrowing from Средњи Кинески.

    Affix

    白(びゃく) (byaku) 

    1. white
    Derived terms

    See also

    References

    1. ↑ 1,0 1,1 1,2 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
    2. ↑ 2,0 2,1 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

    Korean

    Etymology

    Ово entry недостаје етимолошких информација. Ако сте упознати са пореклом овог израза, додајте га на страницу etymology instructions. Такође можете да разговарате о томе Етимолошки текстови.

    Hanja

    白 (eumhun 흰 백 (huin baek))

    1. white

    Hanja

    白 (eumhun 아뢸 백 (aroel baek))

    1. to tell, to inform

    See also

    Okinawan

    Etymology

    Cognate with Јапански 白 (shiro, “white”).

    Noun

    白 (hiragana しるー, rōmaji shirū)

    1. white (color)
      Шаблон:ryu-usex

    References

    • Okinawan-English Wordbook (Mitsugu Sakihara)

    Old Korean

    Etymology

    The first attested meaning is "to report to a superior", from which the generally honorific meaning developed, presumably via an intermediary circumlocutional construction which is not attested. The orthography is logogramic; see the Chinese entry's definitions, specifically “to explain; to present; to state”.

    Verb

    白 (*SOLPO-)

    1. to inform a superior; to report
    2. an auxiliary verb or suffix honoring the direct or indirect object of the main verb [from c. 865.]
    3. an auxiliary verb or suffix honoring the subject of the main verb
      • c. 1250, Interpretive gugyeol glosses to the Humane King Sutra:
        口良中常利說法爲白乎隱矣
        IP-akuy SYANG-i SYEL.PEP-ho-so(l)p-wo-l to-y
        In [honorable your] constant preaching of the Dharma from the mouth
        (N.B. Gugyeol glyphs are given in non-abbreviated forms.)
      Синоним: 賜 (*-si)

    Descendants

    • Middle Korean: ᄉᆞᆲ다 (solpta, “to report to a superior”)
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        • Корејски: 사뢰다 (saroeda, “to report to a superior”)
      • Jeju: ᄉᆞᆯ루다 (sᆞlluda, “to tell, speak to a superior”)
    • Middle Korean: ᅀᆞᇦ (-zoW-, verbal honorific suffix for the direct or indirect object) (see there for further descendants)

    References

    • 황선엽 (Hwang Seon-yeop), 이전경 (Yi Jeon-gyeong), 하귀녀 (Ha Gwi-nyeo), 이용 (Yi Yong), 박진호 (Park Jin-ho), 김성주 (Kim Seong-ju), 장경준 (Jang Gyeong-jun), 서민욱 (Seo Min-uk), 이지영 (Yi Ji-yeong), 서형국 (Seo Hyeong-guk). (2009) 석독구결사전/釋讀口訣辭典 [Dictionary of interpretive gugyeol], Bakmunsa, →ISBN, pages 168—169
    • 남풍현 (Nam Pung-hyeon) (2011), “古代韓國語의 謙讓法 助動詞 '白/ᄉᆞᆲ'과 '內/아'의 發達 [The development of the Old Korean humble auxiliary verbs '白 SOLP-' and '內 *A-']”, in Gugyeol Yeon'gu, volume 26, pages 131–166

    Vietnamese

    Han character

    白: Hán Việt readings: bạch-tdcndg;tdcntd;gdhn (薄(bạc)陌(mạch)切(thiết))
    白: Nôm readings: bạch-tdcndg;tdcntd;gdhn, bạc-tdcndg;gdhn, trắng-tdcndg

    1. (only in compounds) Hán tự form of bạch, “white”
    2. Nôm form of bạc (“silver”).

    Compounds

    References


    Zhuang

    Verb

    白

    1. Sawndip form of baeg (“to be tired; to gasp”)

    白 (кинески)

    Објашњење.
    Објашњење.

    Изговор:

    пинјин: bái  
    Аудио: (датотека)
    Шаблон:zh-cir

    Радикал:

    ⽩ 106

    Значења:

    1. бео
    2. узалуд

    Примери:

    1. бео: 这双鞋是白色，不是灰色。Ове ципеле су беле, нису сиве.
    2. узалуд: 这双鞋白买了，她穿有点儿小。Узалуд[1] купујеш ове ципеле, биће јој мале.
    3. 10 祭司要察看．皮上若長了白[2]癤、使毛變白[2]、在長白[2]癤之處有了紅瘀肉、
      1. 10 Jìsī yào chákàn. Pí shàng ruò zhǎngle bái jiē, shǐ máo biàn bái, zài zhǎngbái jiē zhī chù yǒule hóng yū ròu,
        1. 10. И свештеник нека га види; ако буде бео оток на кожи и длака буде побелела, ако би и здраво месо било на отоку,
          1. 4 Мој. 12:10, 4 Мој. 12:12, 2 Цар. 5:27, 2 Дн. 26:19, Лука 5:14, Лука 17:14

    Синоними:

    1. 白色
    2. 徒然


    ХСК ниво:

    Сродни чланци са Википедије:

    白


    Преводи

    • Енглески:
    • Француски:
    • Немачки:
    • Италијански:
    • Шпански:
    • Португалски:
    • Грчки:
    • Бугарски:
    • Шведски:

    Референце

    1. ↑ Jin Zhigang, dr Radosav Pušić, Udžbenik kineskog jezika za drugu godinu studija, Beograd, 2004.
    2. ↑ 2,0 2,1 2,2 利未記 13 章[1]

    Шаблон:Kateg3 Шаблон:Kateg Шаблон:119:010

    Претходна Страна Наредна

    癶 105 皮 107
    Преузето из „https://sr.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=白&oldid=674603”