月

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gw u6708.svg
月 U+6708, 月
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6708
← 朇
[U+6707] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 有 →
[U+6709]
⽉ U+2F49, ⽉
KANGXI RADICAL MOON
← ⽈
[U+2F48] 		Канџи радикали ⽊ →
[U+2F4A]
Cjrm-b3.svg
⺝ U+2E9D, ⺝
CJK RADICAL MOON
← ⺜
[U+2E9C] 		CJK Radicals Supplement ⺞ →
[U+2E9E]
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月-order.gif

Han character

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Види слике од
Радикал 74 月

月 (Kangxi radical 74, 月+0, 4 strokes, cangjie input 月 (B), четири-угла 77220, composition ⿵⺆𠄠)

  1. Кангци радикал #74, ⽉.

Usage notes

Do not confuse 月 with ⺼, a form of 肉 (“flesh, meat”) when used as the left-hand radical of a character. ⺼ is used for parts of the body such as 背 (“back”) or 肝 (“liver”). These may be written identically as 月, but in careful use they are distinguished, with the inside of ⺼ being written with unattached diagonal strokes. This is particularly an issue in looking up characters by radical; compare the 月 index and 肉 index.

Derived characters

References

  • KangXi: page 504, карактер 19
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: карактер 14330
  • Dae Jaweon: страна 879, карактер 20
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: том 3, страна 2041, карактер 1
  • Unihan data за U+6708

Further reading

Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg Кинески


simp. and trad.
 月
alternative forms 𡇹
𠥱
Wikipedia has articles on:
  • 月 (Писано Стандардни Кинески?)
  • goe̍h (Мин Нан)

Glyph origin

Историјски облици карактера 月
Shang Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Chu Slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
月-oracle.svg 月-silk.svg 月-seal.svg 月-bigseal.svg
Знакови у истом фонетском низу (月) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Стари Кинески
刖
枂
月
跀
抈
鈅
玥
蚏

Pictogram (象形) – pictographic representation of a crescent moon. Compare 夕.

Etymology 1

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-ŋʷ(j)a-t (“moon; star”), whence also Magar [script needed] (gya hot, “moon”), Proto-Lolo-Burmese *mwatᴸ (“star; moon”) (whence Lahu məʔ-kə (“star”)), Drung gurmet (“star”) (Matisoff, 1980; LaPolla, 1987; STEDT).

Various alternative etymologies have also been proposed:

  • Unger (1992) proposes cognation with Тибетански ངོ (ngo, “waxing and waning moon; half moon”) (as in མར་ངོ (mar ngo, “waning moon”) and ཡར་ངོ (yar ngo, “waxing moon”)), which Schuessler (2007) connects to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-ŋow (“white; light colour”). However, Sagart (1999) points out that the Tibetan word may be analyzed as a derivative of Тибетански ངོ (ngo, “face”), which would mean the semantic connection between “moon” and “face” had to occur either independently in Chinese and Tibetan or in Proto-Sino-Tibetan; it also requires positing a suffix -t in Chinese.
  • Pulleybank (1995a) proposes another etymology based on the glyph for 名 (reconstructed as *màŋʲ), which he analyses as a phono-semantic compound of phonetic 夕 (“moon”) and semantic 口 (“mouth”). He suggests that the phonetic component represents a lost word *màŋʲ (“moon”), and reconstructs 月 as *mŋʲ (consonantal frame of “moon”) + *-at (suffix) > *ŋʲʷat. However, there are more straightforward ways of explaining the glyph origin of 名 (see there), which would nullify the hypothesis of the lost word.
  • Related to 越 (“to pass over; to cross over”) in some way.
    • Mei (1979) derives 月 from 越 (OC **gjot > *gwjat): **N-gjot > *ngwjat. Also in this proposed word family is 歲 (OC **s-gjots > *skwjadh, “year”). The semantics of this word family is centred around "to pass; to elapse". While Matisoff (1980) seems supportive of this word family, STEDT reconstructs Proto-Sino-Tibetan *grwat (“to travel; to go through”) for 越 and 歲, separate from the root for 月.
    • Ferlus (2012) reconstructs the Old Chinese as *ŋ.wat and puts it in a word family formed from a Chinese root *wat, having a meaning of "circularity" or "circular boundary". This proposed word family includes 越 (OC *wat, “to cross over”), as in "to cross the enclosure of the village", and 外 (OC *ŋ.wat-s, “outside”), as in "out of the enclosure of the village".

Pronunciation

Нота:
  • ngut5 - literary;
  • ngut5-4 - “month”;
  • ngut5-4* - “moon”.
  • Gan
  • Hakka
  • Jin
  • Min Bei
  • Min Dong
  • Мин Нан
    • Нота:
    • ge̍h/ge̍rh/goe̍h/gōe/gēr - vernacular;
    • goa̍t - literary.
  • Wu
  • Xiang

    • Definitions

    月

    1. (literary or dialectal) moon (Класификатор: 輪／轮 m)
    2. moon-shaped objects
    3. (literary) moonlight
    4. month (Класификатор: 個／个 m c; 隻／只 h)
      Синоними: 月份, 號頭／号头
    5. monthly
      月薪  ―  yuèxīn  ―  monthly wage
    6. Classifier for months.
    7. A презиме​..
    Quotations

    За наводе коришћења овог термина, видите Цитати:月.

    Synonyms

    Compounds

    Descendants

    See also

    Months of the year

    Etymology 2

    За изговор и дефиниције од 月 – види 肉.
    (Овај character, 月, је an ancient облик од 肉.)

    Etymology 3

    За изговор и дефиниције од 月 – види 夕.
    (Овај character, 月, је an ancient облик од 夕.)

    Etymology 4

    За изговор и дефиниције од 月 – види 明.
    (Овај character, 月, је an ancient облик од 明.)

    References

    Flag of Japan.svg Јапански


    Kanji

    月

    (grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    Readings

    Compounds

    Etymology 1

    Kanji за овај терм
    月
    つき
    Степен: 1
    kun’yomi

    ⟨tuki2⟩ → */tukɨ/ → */t͡sukɨ/ → /t͡suki/

    From Стари Јапански 月 (tuki2), ultimately from Proto-Japonic *tukuy.[1]

    Likely a shift from Стари Јапански 月 (tuku), derived through a fusion with ancient Japanese emphatic nominal particle い (i). Compare the development of 神 (kami, “Shinto deity”) from older combining form kamu.

    Pronunciation

    Noun

    月(つき) (tsuki) 

    1. the moon
      Синонимs: 太陰 (taiin), ムーン (mūn)
    2. (astronomy) a natural satellite
    3. moonlight, moonbeam
      Синонимs: 月光 (gekkō), 月影 (tsukikage)
    4. a 家紋 (kamon, “family crest”) with various designs of the moon
    5. (tarot) the Moon, the eighteenth trump or major arcana card in most traditional Tarot decks
    6. a month
    7. Short for 月囲い (tsukigakoi): a mistress on a monthly allowance
    8. (archaic) a menstrual cycle, menstruation Галицијски
      Синонимs: 月経 (gekkei), 月の物 (tsuki no mono)
    Quotations

    За наводе коришћења овог термина, видите Цитати:月.

    Derived terms
    Japanese number-counter combinations for 月(つき) (tsuki)
    1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 How many?
    一(ひと)月(つき) (hitotsuki) 二(ふた)月(つき) (futatsuki) 三(み)月(つき) (mitsuki) 四(よ)月(つき) (yotsuki) 五(いつ)月(つき) (itsutsuki) 六(む)月(つき) (mutsuki) 七(なな)月(つき) (nanatsuki) 八(や)月(つき) (yatsuki) 九(ここの)月(つき) (kokonotsuki) 十(と)月(つき) (totsuki) 何(なん)月(つき) (nantsuki)
    Idioms

    Proper noun

    月(つき) (tsuki) 

    1. A female given name
    2. A презиме​..

    Etymology 2

    Kanji за овај терм
    月
    がつ
    Степен: 1
    kan’yōon

    /ɡʷatɨ/ → /ɡʷat͡su/ → /ɡat͡su/

    From Средњи Кинески 月 (ŋʉɐt̚). The 慣用音 (kan'yōon) reading, a pronunciation in common usage based on a corruption of the Средњи Кинески borrowing.

    Pronunciation

    Suffix

    月(がつ) (-gatsu) ←ぐわつ (gwatu)?

    1. month of the year
    Derived terms
    Japanese number-counter combinations for 月(がつ) (gatsu)
    1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th 11th 12th Which month?
    一(いち)月(がつ) (ichigatsu) 二(に)月(がつ) (nigatsu) 三(さん)月(がつ) (sangatsu) 四(し)月(がつ) (shigatsu) 五(ご)月(がつ) (gogatsu) 六(ろく)月(がつ) (rokugatsu) 七(しち)月(がつ) (shichigatsu)
    七(なな)月(がつ) (nanagatsu)     		八(はち)月(がつ) (hachigatsu) 九(く)月(がつ) (kugatsu) 十(じゅう)月(がつ) (jūgatsu) 十(じゅう)一(いち)月(がつ) (jūichigatsu) 十(じゅう)二(に)月(がつ) (jūnigatsu) 何(なん)月(がつ) (nangatsu)

    Affix

    月(がつ) (-gatsu) ←ぐわつ (gwatu)?

    1. moon
    2. month
    Derived terms
    Usage notes

    When used in most compounds or when counting a number of months with ヶ (ka), 月 is pronounced げつ (getsu). When used in compounds for modern months of the year, it is pronounced がつ (gatsu). When used for poetic or lunar months, it is pronounced つき (tsuki).

    Etymology 3

    Kanji за овај терм
    月
    げつ
    Степен: 1
    kan’on

    /ɡʷetu/ → /ɡet͡su/

    From Средњи Кинески 月 (ŋʉɐt̚).

    The 漢音 (kan'on) reading, so likely a later borrowing. Compare modern Хака 月 (ngie̍t), Мин Нан 月 (ge̍h).

    Pronunciation

    Counter

    月(げつ) (-getsu) ←ぐゑつ (gwetu)?

    1. a month as a duration of time
    2. (possibly obsolete) month of the year
    Usage notes

    When used in most compounds or when counting a number of months with ヶ (ka), 月 is pronounced げつ (getsu). When used in compounds for modern months of the year, it is pronounced がつ (gatsu). When used for poetic or lunar months, it is pronounced つき (tsuki).

    Derived terms

    Noun

    月(げつ) (getsu) 

    1. Short for 月曜日 (getsuyōbi): Monday

    Affix

    月(げつ) (getsu) 

    1. moon
    2. month
    3. menstruation, menstrual cycle
    Derived terms

    Etymology 4

    Kanji за овај терм
    月
    がち
    Степен: 1
    goon

    /ɡʷat͡ɕi/ → /ɡat͡ɕi/

    First attested in the Edo period.

    Appears to be a poetic use of the 呉音 (goon) reading, in reference to a rank of 端女郎 (hashi jorō, “low-end prostitute”) in the Kansai region. According to a popular song, a 月 (gachi, “moon”) prostitute cost one 匁 (monme, old unit of currency, worth roughly 3.75 grams of silver), a 影 (kage, “shadow”) prostitute cost two monme, and a 汐 (shio, “tide; loveliness”) prostitute cost three monme.[2][4]

    Pronunciation

    Noun

    月(がち) (gachi) ←ぐわち (gwati)?

    1. (Kansai, historical) during the Edo period, a low rank of low-end prostitute
    Derived terms

    Etymology 5

    Kanji за овај терм
    月
    がち
    Степен: 1
    goon

    Either a shift in sense from the low-ranking prostitute meaning above, or a shift in pronunciation from 頑痴 (ganchi, “stubborn and stupid”).[2][4]

    Pronunciation

    Alternative forms

    Adjective

    月(がち) (gachi) ←ぐわち (gwati)? †-nari

    1. (archaic, possibly obsolete) crude, unrefined, hickish
      Синоним: 野暮 (yabo)
    Inflection
    Classical conjugation of "月なり" (ナリ活用, see Додатак:Јапански глаголи.)
    Stem forms
    Irrealis (未然形) 月なら がちなら gatinara
    Continuative (連用形) 月に[1]
    月なり[2]    		 がちに
    がちなり    		 gatini
    gatinari
    Terminal (終止形) 月なり がちなり gatinari
    Attributive (連体形) 月なる がちなる gatinaru
    Realis (已然形) 月なれ がちなれ gatinare
    Imperative (命令形) 月なれ がちなれ gatinare
    Key constructions
    Negative 月ならず がちならず gatinarazu
    Contrasting conjunction 月なれど がちなれど gatinaredo
    Causal conjunction 月なれば がちなれば gatinareba
    Conditional conjunction 月ならば がちならば gatinaraba
    Past tense (firsthand knowledge) 月なりき がちなりき gatinariki
    Past tense (secondhand knowledge) 月なりけり がちなりけり gatinarikeri
    Adverbial 月に がちに gatini
    [1]Without auxiliary verb.
    [2]With auxiliary verb.

    Noun

    月(がち) (gachi) ←ぐわち (gwati)?

    1. (archaic, possibly obsolete) something or someone that/who is crude, unrefined, hickish
      Синоним: 野暮 (yabo)

    References

    1. ↑ Pellard, Thomas (2012), “日琉祖語の分岐年代”, in 琉球諸語と古代日本語に関する比較言語学的研究」ワークショップ‎[1], page 6
    2. ↑ 2,0 2,1 2,2 2,3 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
    3. ↑ 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
    4. ↑ 4,0 4,1 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan

    Hangugeo-Chosonmal.png Корејски


    Etymology

    From Средњи Кинески 月.

    Historical Readings
    Dongguk Jeongun Reading
    Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 ᅌᅯᇙ〮 (Yale: ngwélq)
    Middle Korean
    Text Eumhun
    Gloss (hun) Reading
    Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[2] ᄃᆞᆯ〮 (Yale: tól) 월〮 (Yale: wél)

    Pronunciation

    Hanja

    Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

    Wikisource

    月 (eumhun 달 월 (dal wol))

    1. Hanja form? of 월 (“month”).
    2. Hanja form? of 월 (“moon”).
    3. Hanja form? of 월 (“Short for 월요일(月曜日) (woryoil, “Monday”).”).

    Compounds

    References

    • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [3]

    Kunigami

    Kanji

    月

    Etymology

    From Proto-Ryukyuan *tuki.

    Pronunciation

    Noun

    月 (hiragana しちー, romaji shichī)

    1. the moon

    Miyako

    Kanji

    月

    Etymology

    From Proto-Ryukyuan *tuki.

    Pronunciation

    Noun

    月 (hiragana つぃきぃ, romaji tsïksï)

    1. the moon
    2. a month
    3. (abbreviation) Monday

    Okinawan

    Kanji

    月

    (grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    Readings

    Compounds

    Alternative forms

    • (topicalized) 月ぇ (chichē)

    Etymology 1

    Kanji in this term
    月
    ちち
    Grade: 1
    kun’yomi

    From Proto-Ryukyuan *tuki, from Proto-Japonic *tukuy.

    Cognate with Јапански 月 (tsuki).

    Pronunciation

    Noun

    月 (hiragana ちち, rōmaji chichi, historical hiragana つぃち)

    1. the moon
    2. a month
    Derived terms

    Etymology 2

    Kanji in this term
    月
    ぐゎち
    Grade: 1
    on’yomi

    Pronunciation

    Noun

    月 (hiragana ぐゎち, rōmaji gwachi)

    1. month of the year

    Suffix

    Шаблон:ryu-pos

    1. month of the year

    Further reading

    References

    1. ↑ Шаблон:R:Shuri-Naha Dialect Dictionary

    Old Japanese

    Etymology 1

    From Proto-Japonic *tukuy.

    Likely a shift from tuku below, derived through a fusion with い (i2, emphatic nominal particle). Compare the development of 神 (kamu → kami2, “Shinto deity”).

    Noun

    月 (tuki2) (kana つき)

    1. the moon
    2. a month
    3. a menstrual cycle, menstruation Галицијски
    Quotations

    За наводе коришћења овог термина, видите Цитати:月.

    Derived terms
    Derived terms

    Etymology 2

    Possibly from Proto-Japonic *tuku.

    Noun

    月 (tuku) (kana つく)

    1. (regional, Eastern Стари Јапански) the moon
    2. (regional, Eastern Old Japanese) a month
    3. Combining form of ツキ乙 (tuki2) above
    Quotations

    За наводе коришћења овог термина, видите Цитати:月.

    Derived terms
    Derived terms

    Natively Vietnamese-speaking areas.png Вијетнамски


    Han character

    月: Hán Việt readings: nguyệt-tdcndg;tdcntd;gdhn;bonet;genibrel (魚(ngư)厥(quyết)切(thiết)), ngoạt-gdhn;bonet;genibrel, nhục-tdcntd;bonet (而(nhi)六(lục)切(thiết))
    月: Nôm readings: nguyệt-tdcndg;tdcntd;bonet;taberd, ngoạt-bonet;taberd, nhục-tdcntd;bonet

    1. Hán tự form of nguyệt, ngoạt, “moon; month”
    2. Hán tự form of nhục, “Alternative form of 肉 (“meat radical”)”

    Compounds

    References


    Yaeyama

    Kanji

    月

    Etymology

    From Proto-Ryukyuan *tuki.

    Pronunciation

    Noun

    月 (hiragana つぃきぃ, romaji tsïkï)

    1. the moon

    Yonaguni

    Kanji

    月

    Etymology

    From Proto-Ryukyuan *tuki.

    Pronunciation

    Noun

    月 (hiragana ってぃー, romaji ttī)

    1. the moon


    月 (кинески)

    Објашњење.

    Изговор:

    пинјин: yuè  
    Аудио: Loudspeaker.svg(датотека)
    Шаблон:zh-cir

    Радикал:

    ⽉ 074

    Значења:

    ...

    Примери:

    Викицитати „1. Дневника, глава 27”

    —
    1. 1以色列 人的族長、千夫長、百夫長、和官長都分定班次、每班是二萬四千人、週年按月輪流、替換出入服事王。
      1. 1 Yǐsèliè rén de zúzhǎng, qiānfū zhǎng, bǎi fu zhǎng, hé guān zhǎng dōu fēn dìng bāncì, měi bān shì èr wàn sìqiān rén, zhōunián àn yuè lúnliú, tìhuàn chūrù fú shì wáng.
        1. 1. А синови Израиљеви по свом броју, главари домова отачких, хиљадници и стотиници и управитељи њихови, служаху цару у сваком послу у редовима, који долажаху и одлажаху од месеци до месеци, сваког месеца у години; а у сваком реду беше их двадесет и четири хиљаде.
          1. 4 Мој. 1:4, 1 Дн. 28:21, 1 Дн. 29:6, 2 Дн. 1:2
            1. 2

    Синоними:

    ...🈷


    Хомофони:

    ...

    Серија: 系列#2404（月）： 月｜仴｜阴｜抈｜岄｜玥｜枂｜眀｜钥｜鈅｜蚏｜跀｜朙｜刖｜肜｜肎｜肻｜膋｜迌｜佾｜洕｜湇｜覇

    Хомографи:

    ...

    ХСК ниво:

    ...

    Асоцијације:

    ...

    Изведене речи:

    ...


    Сродни чланци са Википедије:

    月


    Преводи

    Референце

    Шаблон:Kateg3 Шаблон:Kateg

    曰 073 木 075
    Проширени садржај
    ⠫
    Преузето из „https://sr.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=月&oldid=671216”