dialect

Енглески

Енглески Википедија има an article на:
Википедија

Etymology

From Middle French dialecte, from Латински dialectos, dialectus, from Антички Грчки διάλεκτος (diálektos, conversation, the language of a country or a place or a nation, the local idiom which derives from a dominant language), from διαλέγομαι (dialégomai, I participate in a dialogue), from διά (diá, inter, through) + λέγω (légō, I speak).

Pronunciation

  • МФА(кључ): /ˈdaɪ.əˌlɛkt/
  • (file)

Noun

dialect (plural dialects)

  1. (linguistics, strict sense) A lect (often a regional or minority language) as part of a group or family of languages, especially if they are viewed as a single language, or if contrasted with a standardized idiom that is considered the 'true' form of the language (for example, Cantonese as contrasted with Mandarin Chinese or Bavarian as contrasted with Standard German).
    • 1995, Michael [G.] Clyne, The German language in a changing Europe, Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, strana 117:
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    • 2010, Mirjam Fried, Jan-Ola Östman & Jef Verschueren, editors, Variation and Change: Pragmatic perspectives (Handbook of Pragmatics Highlights; 6), John Benjamins Publishing Company, →ISBN, Dialect, by Ronald Macaulay, strana 61:
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    • 2014, Elizabeth Mary Wright (died 1958), Rustic Speech and Folk-Lore:
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    Синоним: (often derogatory) patois
  2. (linguistics, broad sense) A variety of a language that is characteristic of a particular area, community, or social group, differing from other varieties of the same language in relatively minor ways as regards grammar, phonology, and lexicon.
    Hyponyms: sociolect, ethnolect, genderlect, regiolect, topolect, geolect, vernacular
    • 1988, Andrew Radford, Transformational Grammar: A First Course, Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, strana 139:
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  3. (derogatory) Language that is perceived as substandard or wrong.
    • 1975, H. Carl, Linguistic Perspectives on Black English, strana 219:
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    • 1994, H. Nigel Thomas, Spirits in the Dark, Heinemann, strana 11:
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    • 1967, Roger W. Shuy, Discovering American Dialects, National Council of Teachers of English, strana 1:
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  4. (colloquial) A language existing only in an oral or non-standardized form, especially a language spoken in a developing country or an isolated region.
    Синоним: vernacular
  5. (computing, programming) A variant of a non-standardized programming language.
    Home computers in the 1980s had many incompatible dialects of BASIC.
  6. (ornithology) A variant form of the vocalizations of a bird species restricted to a certain area or population.
    • 1896, Alfred Newton, A Dictionary of Birds, strana 893:
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Usage notes

  • In some linguistic traditions, the term "dialect" is restricted to nonstandard lects. In scholarly English usage, it refers to both standardized and vernacular forms of language.[1]
  • The difference between a language and a dialect is not always clear, and often has more to do with political boundaries than with linguistic differences. It is generally considered that people who speak different dialects of the same language can understand each other, while people who speak different languages cannot, however, in some cases, people who speak different dialects of the same language are mutually unintelligible. Compare species in the biological sense.

Derived terms

Expressions

Related terms

other lects (cp. -lect)

Translations

See also

References

  1. McGregor, William (2009). Linguistics: An Introduction. A&C Black. p. 160. ISBN 9781847063670. 

Further reading

  • "dialect" in Raymond Williams, Keywords (revised), 1983, Fontana Press, page 105.
  • Crystal, David (2008), “dialect”, in A Dictionary of Linguistics and Phonetics, 6 edition, Blackwell Publishing, →ISBN
  • Fodde Melis, Luisanna; (2002) Race, Ethnicity and Dialects: Language Policy and Ethnic Minorities in the United States, FrancoAngeli, →ISBN

Anagrams


Dutch

Etymology

From Middle French dialecte, from Латински dialectos, dialectus, from Антички Грчки διάλεκτος (diálektos, conversation, the language of a country or a place or a nation, the local idiom which derives from a dominant language), from διαλέγομαι (dialégomai, I participate in a dialogue), from διά (diá, inter, through) + λέγω (légō, I speak).

Pronunciation

Noun

dialect n (plural dialecten, diminutive dialectje n)

  1. (linguistics) dialect (language variety)
  2. non-standard dialect; vernacular
    Синонимs: streektaal, mondaard

Derived terms

Descendants

  • Африкански: dialek
  • Indonesian: dialek
  • Papiamentu: dialèkt

Anagrams


Romanian

Etymology

From Француски dialecte.

Pronunciation

Noun

dialect n (plural dialecte)

  1. (linguistics) language socially subordinate to a regional or national standard language, often historically cognate to the standard, but not a variety of it or in any other sense derived from it
  2. (colloquial) dialect

Declension

Derived terms

See also