白
|
|
Translingual
Redosled pisanja | |||
---|---|---|---|
Han character
白 (Kangxi radical 106, 白+0, 5 strokes, cangjie input 竹日 (HA), četiri-ugla 26000, composition ⿱丿日)
- Kangci radikal #106, ⽩.
Derived characters
- Appendix:Chinese radical/白
- 伯, 𪞜, 㕷, 𡊚, 𡛳, 𪦺, 岶, 帕, 廹, 怕, 拍, 泊, 狛, 迫, 𢫗, 𣆆, 柏, 𭯖, 𤇢, 𭷛, 珀, 胉, 𥙃, 𭼈, 𥍡, 𥎷, 砶, 䄸, 袙, 粕, 絈, 𦐚, 舶, 𦫖, 𬠀, 貃, 䞟, 𫏴, 𨠘, 鉑(铂), 𧆽, 𩊀, 𩗀(𩙦), 𩛇, 𬈻, 鮊(鲌), 𧇤
- 劰, 𫨷, 𨚮, 敀, 𤝡, 㼟, 䎅, 𦫙, 𩑻, 魄, 䳆, 㒵, 𠡈, 𭎊, 㚖, 帛, 𣌣, 𢘣, 𣐩, 泉, 𭽾, 𨋧, 𣹻, 𩲸, 𣰗, 㒶, 苩, 𥬝, 𩶑, 𬲉
- 習 (in current form)
References
- KangXi: page 785, karakter 1
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: karakter 22678
- Dae Jaweon: strana 1196, karakter 1
- Hanyu Da Zidian: tom 4, strana 2642, karakter 1
- Unihan data za U+767D
Chinese
jedn. and trad. |
白 |
---|
Glyph origin
Istorijski oblici karaktera 白 | ||
---|---|---|
Shang | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
Oracle bone script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
Znakovi u istom fonetskom nizu (白) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
---|---|
Stari Kineski | |
怕 | |
帕 | |
粕 | |
胉 | |
泊 | |
箔 | |
魄 | |
皕 | |
伯 | |
百 | |
迫 | |
敀 | |
柏 | |
湐 | |
拍 | |
珀 | |
皛 | |
洦 | |
白 | |
帛 | |
舶 | |
鮊 | |
陌 | |
帞 | |
袹 | |
蛨 | |
貊 | |
佰 | |
銆 | |
碧 | |
咟 |
Unclear; probably a pictogram (象形 (xiàngxíng)) .
Guo (1954) suggests that it represents a thumb and is original form of 拇 or, more probably, 擘.
Alternatively, Unger (apud Schuessler, 2007) suggests that it represents an acorn, noting its use in 樂 (“oak”) (= 櫟) and 皂 (“acorn”).
Etymology
STEDT derives it from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *bawk (“white”), whence also Proto-Bodo-Garo *bok (“white”), Limbu ᤑ (phô, “white”); also compare Proto-Mon-Khmer *kɓɔɔk (“white, grey”).
However, Schuessler (2007) finds it difficult to reconcile these forms with Middle Chinese due to the lack of medial r. Instead, he proposes a derivation from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *bar (“white”) with -k extension, thus cognate with 皤 (“white”) (Wang, 1982), Mizo vâr (“(to be) white”), Proto-Karen *ʔ(b)wa (“white”).
Pronunciation
Definitions
白
- white
- clear; easy to understand
- clear; pure; plain; blank
- bright; well-lit
- 凡殤與無後者,祭於宗子之家,當室之白,尊於東房,是謂陽厭。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Book of Rites, circa 4th – 2nd century BCE
- Fánshāng yǔ wúhòu zhě, jì yú zōngzǐ zhī jiā, dāng shì zhī bái, zūn yú dōng fáng, shì wèi yángyàn. [Pinyin]
- In regard to all others who have died prematurely and have left no offspring, the sacrifice is offered to them in the house of the oldest son, where the apartment is the most light, with the vases in the chamber on the east. This is what is called the bright satisfying offering.
凡殇与无后者,祭于宗子之家,当室之白,尊于东房,是谓阳厌。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]- 相與枕藉乎舟中,不知東方之既白。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: 1082, 蘇軾/苏轼 (Su Shi), 《前赤壁賦》
- Xiàngyǔ zhěnjiè hū zhōu zhōng, bù zhī dōngfāng zhī jì bái. [Pinyin]
- The cups and plates leaned against one another in the boat, and we did not know the East has already turned bright white.
相与枕借乎舟中,不知东方之既白。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- eminent; prominent
- 是故窮則不隱,通則大明,身死而名彌白。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: Xunzi, circa 3rd century BCE
- Shìgù qióng zé bù yǐn, tōng zé dà míng, shēn sǐ ér míng mí bái. [Pinyin]
- Therefore, the superior man, when in poverty or distress, is not obscured, and when his life is smooth, he becomes more famous. After his death, his reputation becomes even more prominent.
是故穷则不隐,通则大明,身死而名弥白。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- vernacular
- dialect
- Šablon:zh-abbrev
- reactionary; anticommunist
- in vain; for nothing
- free of charge; gratuitous; gratis
- to stare coldly; to stare at someone with the white of the eyes
- to explain; to present; to state
- to mispronounce or wrongly write a character
- spoken lines
- funeral
- A prezime.. Bai
- 白崇禧 ― Bái Chóngxǐ ― Bai Chongxi
- (~族) Bai, an ethnic group living primarily in Yunnan, China
Synonyms
Descendants
Others:
- → Proto-Southwestern Tai: *pʰɯəkᴰ¹ᴸ
- Tajski: เผือก (pʉ̀ʉak)
- → Proto-Vietic: *baːk
- Vijetnamski: bạc
- → Vijetnamski: bệch (“chalky; sickly white”)
Compounds
See also
References
- “Entry #1860”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (in Chinese and Min Nan), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2011.
Japanese
Kanji
Lua greška in Modul:languages at line 1302: The function getByCode expects a string as its first argument, but received nil..
Readings
- Go-on: びゃく (byaku, Jōyō)
- Kan-on: はく (haku, Jōyō)
- Sō-on: ぱい (pai)
- Kun: しろ (shiro, 白, Jōyō); しら (shira, 白, Jōyō †); しろい (shiroi, 白い, Jōyō); もうす (mōsu, 白す)←まうす (mausu, 白す, historical)←まをす (mawosu, 白す, ancient); しらむ (shiramu, 白む)
- Nanori: あき (aki); あきら (akira); か (ka); きよ (kiyo); きよし (kiyoshi); し (shi); しろし (shiroshi); はっ (ha')
Compounds
Etymology 1
Kanji in this term |
---|
白 |
しろ Stepen: 1 |
kun’yomi |
⟨siro1⟩ → */sirʷo/ → /ɕiro/
From Old Japanese.
The standalone apophonic form of shira below.
Pronunciation
Noun
白 (shiro)
- the color white
- (by extension) innocence
- (go) a white go stone
- something unwritten
- (colloquial) the white team in a 紅白 (kōhaku) group
- (colloquial) an unlicensed prostitute
- (colloquial) Short for 銀 (shirogane): silver
- (colloquial) Synonym of 塩 (shio): salt
- (colloquial) Short for 白書院 (shiroshoin): a specific kind of drawing room or study, using unpainted cedar wood with straight grain
- a type of もつ焼き (motsuyaki) made from pig intestines
- in the game of 人狼 (Jinrō, “Werewolf; Mafia”), one who is on the villagers' side
Derived terms
Etymology 2
Kanji in this term |
---|
白 |
しら Stepen: 1 |
kun’yomi |
⟨sira⟩ → /ɕira/
From Old Japanese.
The combining apophonic form of shiro above, mostly used in compounds.
Pronunciation
Prefix
白 (shira-)
- Combining form of しろ (shiro) above:
Derived terms
Adjective
Lua greška in Modul:ja-headword at line 301: attempt to call field 'kana_to_romaji' (a nil value).
- unapplied, undecorated; also the object that is unapplied or undecorated
- honest, serious; also the person who is honest or serious
- normal, unspecial; also the person who is normal or unspecial in position, occupation, or condition
Inflection
Stem forms | |||
---|---|---|---|
Imperfective (未然形) | 白だろ | しらだろ | Script error: The function "kana_to_romaji" does not exist. |
Continuative (連用形) | 白で | しらで | Script error: The function "kana_to_romaji" does not exist. |
Terminal (終止形) | 白だ | しらだ | Script error: The function "kana_to_romaji" does not exist. |
Attributive (連体形) | 白な | しらな | Script error: The function "kana_to_romaji" does not exist. |
Hypothetical (仮定形) | 白なら | しらなら | Script error: The function "kana_to_romaji" does not exist. |
Imperative (命令形) | 白であれ | しらであれ | Script error: The function "kana_to_romaji" does not exist. |
Key constructions | |||
Informal negative | 白ではない 白じゃない |
しらではない しらじゃない |
Script error: The function "kana_to_romaji" does not exist. Script error: The function "kana_to_romaji" does not exist. |
Informal past | 白だった | しらだった | Script error: The function "kana_to_romaji" does not exist. |
Informal negative past | 白ではなかった 白じゃなかった |
しらではなかった しらじゃなかった |
Script error: The function "kana_to_romaji" does not exist. Script error: The function "kana_to_romaji" does not exist. |
Formal | 白です | しらです | Script error: The function "kana_to_romaji" does not exist. |
Formal negative | 白ではありません 白じゃありません |
しらではありません しらじゃありません |
Script error: The function "kana_to_romaji" does not exist. Script error: The function "kana_to_romaji" does not exist. |
Formal past | 白でした | しらでした | Script error: The function "kana_to_romaji" does not exist. |
Formal negative past | 白ではありませんでした 白じゃありませんでした |
しらではありませんでした しらじゃありませんでした |
Script error: The function "kana_to_romaji" does not exist. Script error: The function "kana_to_romaji" does not exist. |
Conjunctive | 白で | しらで | Script error: The function "kana_to_romaji" does not exist. |
Conditional | 白なら(ば) | しらなら(ば) | Script error: The function "kana_to_romaji" does not exist. |
Provisional | 白だったら | しらだったら | Script error: The function "kana_to_romaji" does not exist. |
Volitional | 白だろう | しらだろう | Script error: The function "kana_to_romaji" does not exist. |
Adverbial | 白に | しらに | Script error: The function "kana_to_romaji" does not exist. |
Degree | 白さ | しらさ | Script error: The function "kana_to_romaji" does not exist. |
Stem forms | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Irrealis (未然形) | 白なら | しらなら | siranara | |
Continuative (連用形) | 白に[1] 白なり[2] |
しらに しらなり |
sirani siranari | |
Terminal (終止形) | 白なり | しらなり | siranari | |
Attributive (連体形) | 白なる | しらなる | siranaru | |
Realis (已然形) | 白なれ | しらなれ | siranare | |
Imperative (命令形) | 白なれ | しらなれ | siranare | |
Key constructions | ||||
Negative | 白ならず | しらならず | siranarazu | |
Contrasting conjunction | 白なれど | しらなれど | siranaredo | |
Causal conjunction | 白なれば | しらなれば | siranareba | |
Conditional conjunction | 白ならば | しらならば | siranaraba | |
Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | 白なりき | しらなりき | siranariki | |
Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | 白なりけり | しらなりけり | siranarikeri | |
Adverbial | 白に | しらに | sirani | |
[1]Without auxiliary verb. [2]With auxiliary verb. |
Idioms
- 白を切る (shira o kiru)
Etymology 3
Kanji in this term |
---|
白 |
はく Stepen: 1 |
kan’on |
From Middle Chinese 白.
The 漢音 (kan'on, literally “Han sound”) reading, so likely a later borrowing from Middle Chinese.
Pronunciation
Noun
白 (haku)
- the color white
- Short for 白人 (hakujin): an amateur
- a performer's lines
- Sinonim: 台詞 (serifu)
- (mahjong) a white dragon tile
- (mahjong) a 役 (yaku, “winning hand”) with a triplet or quad of white dragon tiles, worth 1 翻 (han, “double”)
- Hypernym: 役牌 (yakuhai, yaku-pai)
Coordinate terms
- 三元牌 (sangenpai, “dragon tiles”): 白 (haku, “white dragon”), 發/𤼵 (hatsu, “green dragon”), 中 (chun, “red dragon”)
Affix
白 (haku)
- white
- colorless, dirtless, markless
- bright and clear
- humbly say
- sake cup
- Short for 白居易 (Haku Kyoi): Bai Juyi
Derived terms
Etymology 4
Kanji in this term |
---|
白 |
びゃく Stepen: 1 |
goon |
From Middle Chinese 白.
The 呉音 (goon, literally “Wu sound”) reading, so likely the original borrowing from Middle Chinese.
Affix
白 (byaku)
Derived terms
See also
References
Korean
Etymology
Hanja
Lua greška in Modul:headword at line 442: In full_headword(), `data.translits` must be an array but is a string.
Hanja
Lua greška in Modul:headword at line 442: In full_headword(), `data.translits` must be an array but is a string.
See also
Okinawan
Etymology
Cognate with Japanski 白 (shiro, “white”).
Noun
白 (hiragana しるー, rōmaji shirū)
- white (color)
- Greška u skripti: Ne postoji modul „ryu-usex”.
References
- Okinawan-English Wordbook (Mitsugu Sakihara)
Old Korean
Etymology
The first attested meaning is "to report to a superior", from which the generally honorific meaning developed, presumably via an intermediary circumlocutional construction which is not attested. The orthography is logogramic; see the Chinese entry's definitions, specifically “to explain; to present; to state”.
Verb
白 (*SOLPO-)
- to inform a superior; to report
- c. 670, 廣德 (Gwangdeok), “願往生歌 (Wonwangsaeng-ga)”, in 三國遺事 (Samguk Yusa) [Memorabilia of the Three Kingdoms]:
- Lua greška in Modul:languages/errorGetBy at line 14: Please specify a language or etymology language code in the first parameter; the value "<strong class="error"><span class="scribunto-error" id="mw-scribunto-error-51fddb02">Script error: The function "first_lang" does not exist.</span></strong>" is not valid (see Wiktionary:List of languages)..
- an auxiliary verb or suffix honoring the direct or indirect object of the main verb [from c. 865.]
- 1120, King Yejong of Goryeo, “悼二將歌 (Doijang-ga)”, in 平山申氏系譜 (Pyeongsan Sin-ssi Gyebo) [Genealogy of the Pyeongsan Sin descent group]:
- Lua greška in Modul:languages/errorGetBy at line 14: Please specify a language or etymology language code in the first parameter; the value "<strong class="error"><span class="scribunto-error" id="mw-scribunto-error-51fddb02">Script error: The function "first_lang" does not exist.</span></strong>" is not valid (see Wiktionary:List of languages)..
- an auxiliary verb or suffix honoring the subject of the main verb
- c. 1250, Interpretive gugyeol glosses to the Humane King Sutra:
- Lua greška in Modul:languages/errorGetBy at line 14: Please specify a language or etymology language code in the first parameter; the value "<strong class="error"><span class="scribunto-error" id="mw-scribunto-error-51fddb02">Script error: The function "first_lang" does not exist.</span></strong>" is not valid (see Wiktionary:List of languages)..
- Sinonim: 賜 (*-si)
Descendants
- Middle Korean: ᄉᆞᆲ다 (solpta, “to report to a superior”)
- Middle Korean: ᅀᆞᇦ (-zoW-, verbal honorific suffix for the direct or indirect object) (see there for further descendants)
References
- 황선엽 (Hwang Seon-yeop), 이전경 (Yi Jeon-gyeong), 하귀녀 (Ha Gwi-nyeo), 이용 (Yi Yong), 박진호 (Park Jin-ho), 김성주 (Kim Seong-ju), 장경준 (Jang Gyeong-jun), 서민욱 (Seo Min-uk), 이지영 (Yi Ji-yeong), 서형국 (Seo Hyeong-guk). (2009) 석독구결사전/釋讀口訣辭典 [Dictionary of interpretive gugyeol], Bakmunsa, →ISBN, pages 168—169
- 남풍현 (Nam Pung-hyeon) (2011), “古代韓國語의 謙讓法 助動詞 '白/ᄉᆞᆲ'과 '內/아'의 發達 [The development of the Old Korean humble auxiliary verbs '白 SOLP-' and '內 *A-']”, in Gugyeol Yeon'gu, volume 26, pages 131–166
Vietnamese
Han character
白: Hán Việt readings: bạch-tdcndg;tdcntd;gdhn (
白: Nôm readings: bạch-tdcndg;tdcntd;gdhn, bạc-tdcndg;gdhn, trắng-tdcndg
Compounds
References
Zhuang
Verb
白
白 (kineski)
Izgovor:
- pinjin: bái
Šablon:zh-cirAudio: (datoteka)
Radikal:
- ⽩ 106
Značenja:
- beo
- uzalud
Primeri:
HSK nivo:
Srodni članci sa Vikipedije:
Prevodi
|
|
Reference
Šablon:Kateg3 Šablon:Kateg Šablon:119:010
Prethodna Strana Naredna
- CJK jedinstveni ideogrami blok
- Kandži radikali blok
- Međunarodni symbols
- Međunarodni terms with redundant head parameter
- Han tekst karakteri
- Han piktogrami
- Kineski izrazi nasleđeni od Proto-Sino-Tibetan
- Kineski pojmovi izvedeni iz Proto-Sino-Tibetan
- Mandarin pojmovi sa audio vezama
- Kantonski pojmovi sa audio vezama
- Mandarin termini sa više izgovora
- Kineski leme
- Mandarin leme
- Dungan leme
- Kantonski leme
- Taishanese leme
- Gan leme
- Hakka leme
- Jin leme
- Min Bej leme
- Min Dong leme
- Min Nan leme
- Teochew leme
- Wu leme
- Xiang leme
- Kineski pridevi
- Mandarin pridevi
- Dungan pridevi
- Kantonski pridevi
- Taishanese pridevi
- Gan pridevi
- Hakka pridevi
- Jin pridevi
- Min Bej pridevi
- Min Dong pridevi
- Min Nan pridevi
- Teochew pridevi
- Wu pridevi
- Xiang pridevi
- Kineski prilozi
- Mandarin prilozi
- Dungan prilozi
- Kantonski prilozi
- Taishanese prilozi
- Gan prilozi
- Hakka prilozi
- Jin prilozi
- Min Bej prilozi
- Min Dong prilozi
- Min Nan prilozi
- Teochew prilozi
- Wu prilozi
- Xiang prilozi
- Kineski glagoli
- Mandarin glagoli
- Dungan glagoli
- Kantonski glagoli
- Taishanese glagoli
- Gan glagoli
- Hakka glagoli
- Jin glagoli
- Min Bej glagoli
- Min Dong glagoli
- Min Nan glagoli
- Teochew glagoli
- Wu glagoli
- Xiang glagoli
- Kineski imenice
- Mandarin imenice
- Dungan imenice
- Kantonski imenice
- Taishanese imenice
- Gan imenice
- Hakka imenice
- Jin imenice
- Min Bej imenice
- Min Dong imenice
- Min Nan imenice
- Teochew imenice
- Wu imenice
- Xiang imenice
- Kineski vlastite imenice
- Mandarin vlastite imenice
- Dungan vlastite imenice
- Kantonski vlastite imenice
- Taishanese vlastite imenice
- Gan vlastite imenice
- Hakka vlastite imenice
- Jin vlastite imenice
- Min Bej vlastite imenice
- Min Dong vlastite imenice
- Min Nan vlastite imenice
- Teochew vlastite imenice
- Wu vlastite imenice
- Xiang vlastite imenice
- Kineski termini sa IPA izgovorom
- Kineski hanzi
- Kineski Han karakteris
- Mandarin terms with usage examples
- Literary Chinese terms with quotations
- Kineski prezimena
- Reference šabloni kojima nedostaje naslovni parametar
- zh:Beginning
- Elementary Mandarin
- zh:Colors
- Terms with redundant transliterations
- Terms with redundant transliterations/ja
- Terms with manual transliterations different from the automated ones
- Terms with manual transliterations different from the automated ones/ja
- Japanski kanji with goon reading びゃく
- Japanski kanji with kan'on reading はく
- Japanski kanji with sōon reading ぱい
- Japanski kanji with kun reading しろ
- Japanski kanji with kun reading しら
- Japanski kanji with kun reading しろ-い
- Japanski kanji with kun reading もう-す
- Japanski kanji with historical kun reading まう-す
- Japanski kanji with ancient kun reading まを-す
- Japanski kanji with kun reading しら-む
- Japanski kanji with nanori reading あき
- Japanski kanji with nanori reading あきら
- Japanski kanji with nanori reading か
- Japanski kanji with nanori reading きよ
- Japanski kanji with nanori reading きよし
- Japanski kanji with nanori reading し
- Japanski kanji with nanori reading しろし
- Japanski kanji with nanori reading はっ
- Japanski terms spelled with 白 read as しろ
- Japanski terms read with kun'yomi
- Japanski izrazi nasleđeni od Old Japanese
- Japanski pojmovi izvedeni iz Old Japanese
- Japanski terms with IPA pronunciation
- Japanski imenice
- Japanski terms spelled with first grade kanji
- Japanski terms written with one Han script character
- Japanski terms spelled with 白
- Japanski single-kanji terms
- ja:Go
- Japanski colloquialisms
- Japanski short forms
- Japanese terms with usage examples
- Japanski termini sa primerima korišćenja
- Japanski terms spelled with 白 read as しら
- Japanski lemmas
- Japanski prefixes
- Japanski terms spelled with 白 read as はく
- Japanski terms read with on'yomi
- Japanski pojmovi izvedeni iz Middle Chinese
- ja:Mahjong
- Japanski affixes
- Japanski terms spelled with 白 read as びゃく
- ja:Whites
- Zahtevi za etimologije u Korejskim stavkama
- Okinawan lemmas
- Okinawan nouns
- Okinawan terms spelled with first grade kanji
- Okinawan terms written with one Han script character
- Okinawan terms spelled with 白
- Okinawan single-kanji terms
- Okinawan terms with redundant head parameter
- Okinawan terms with usage examples
- ryu:Colors
- Old Korean lemmas
- Old Korean verbs
- Old Korean termini sa navodima
- Terms with redundant transliterations/okm
- Vietnamese Han tu
- Vietnamese Nom
- Vijetnamski Nom
- Zhuang lemmas
- Zhuang verbs
- Zhuang Sawndip forms
- CJKV radicals
- Kineska reč
- Radikal
- 5 poteza
- Radikal 106- 白