中

Пређи на навигацију Пређи на претрагу
Такође погледајте: 𝌆, Φ, Ф, и ቀ
中 U+4E2D, 中
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E2D
← 丬
[U+4E2C] 		ЦЈК јединствени идеограми 丮 →
[U+4E2E]

Flag of the United Nations.svg међународни


Редослед писања
4 потеза
Редослед писања
中-order.gif

Хан карактер

中 (Kangxi radical 2, 丨+3, 4 strokes, cangjie input 中 (L), четири-угла 50006, composition ⿻口丨)

Изведени карактери

Референце

  • KangXi: page 79, карактер 3
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: карактер 73
  • Dae Jaweon: страна 158, карактер 6
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: том 1, страна 28, карактер 10
  • Unihan data за U+4E2D

Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg Кинески


simp. and trad.
 中
alternative forms 𠁦
𠁧
𠁩
𠔈
𠔗
Wikipedia has articles on:
  • 中 (Писано Стандардни Кинески?)
  • 中 (Кантонски)
  • 中 (Ган)

Порекло глифа

Историјски облици карактера 中
Shang Spring and Autumn Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming) Libian (compiled in Qing)
Bronze inscriptions Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Bronze inscriptions Chu Slip and silk script Qin slip script Shizhoupian script Ancient script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts Clerical script
中-bronze-shang.svg 中-oracle.svg 中-bronze-spring.svg 中-bronze-warring.svg 中-silk.svg 中-slip.svg 中-zhou.svg 中-ancient.svg 中-seal.svg 中-bigseal.svg 中-clerical.svg
Знакови у истом фонетском низу (中) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Стари Кинески
中
忠
衷
忡
浺
盅
种
沖
翀
仲

Pictogram (象形) – a flagpole. Based on archaeological evidence, the middle box has been interpreted as a drum (建鼓). This flagpole with a drum was placed in the center of a field to gather people and to detect the direction of the wind. In addition, the pronunciation of 中 is reminiscent of the beating of a drum.

Shuowen interprets the character as a vertical stroke 丨 passing through the center of 口, indicating the center.

It has also been interpreted as an arrow in the center of a target.

Етимологија

“Middle; centre” (Pronunciation 1) > “to hit the centre; to attain” (Изговор 2).

Од Proto-Sino-Tibetan *t/duŋ. Cognate with Тибетански གཞུང (gzhung, “middle, center”).

Related to:

  • 衷 (“middle; inner garment; inner feelings”);
  • 仲 (“second (of the brothers or months)”).

Изговор 1

Нота:
  • chûng, zung1 - literary;
  • tûng, dung4 - vernacular.
  • Jin
  • Min Bei
    • Нота:
    • dé̤ng - literary;
    • dô̤ng - vernacular.
  • Min Dong
    • Нота:
    • dṳ̆ng - literary;
    • dŏng - vernacular.
  • Мин Нан
    • Нота:
    • Quanzhou:
      • tiong - literary;
      • tng - vernacular (limited, e.g. 中秋);
      • teng - vernacular (in place names, e.g. 田中, 湖中);
      • thang - vernacular (limited).
  • (Teochew)
    • Нота:
    • dang1 - vernacular;
    • dong1 - literary.
  • Wu
  • Xiang
    • Rime
    Character 中
    Reading # 1/2
    Initial (聲) 知 (9)
    Final (韻) 東 (2)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 陟弓切
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/ʈɨuŋ/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/ʈiuŋ/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/ȶiuŋ/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/ʈuwŋ/
    Li
    Rong         		/ȶiuŋ/
    Wang
    Li         		/ȶĭuŋ/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/ȶi̯uŋ/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		zhōng
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		zung1

    Дефиниције

    中

    1. middle; center
      居中  ―  jūzhōng  ―  to be placed in the middle
      華中 / 华中  ―  Huázhōng  ―  Central China
    2. medium; intermediary
      中型  ―  zhōngxíng  ―  medium-size; mid-size
      這件夾克有三個尺碼：小、中、大。 [MSC, trad.]
      这件夹克有三个尺码：小、中、大。 [MSC, simp.]
      Zhè jiàn jiākè yǒu sān ge chǐmǎ: xiǎo, zhōng, dà. [Pinyin]
      You can get the jacket in three sizes - small, medium and large.
    3. within; among; in
      水中  ―  shuǐ zhōng  ―  in the water
      我们中间有一个15岁的女孩。 [MSC, trad. and simp.]
      Wǒmen zhōngjiān yǒu yīgè 15 suì de nǚhái. [Pinyin]
      A 15-year-old girl was among us.
      他在事故中受傷。 / 他在事故中受伤。  ―  Tā zài shìgù zhōng shòushāng.  ―  He was injured in the accident.
    4. while; in the process of; during; in the middle of
      發展中國家 / 发展中国家  ―  fāzhǎn zhōng guójiā  ―  developing countries
      網頁正在建設中。 / 网页正在建设中。  ―  Wǎngyè zhèngzài jiànshè zhōng.  ―  The website is under construction.
    5. to be fit for
      中用  ―  zhōngyòng  ―  to be useful
      中聽 / 中听  ―  zhōngtīng  ―  pleasant to the ear
    6. heart; innermost being
    7. intermediary
    8. (dialectal) all right; OK
    9. Short for 中國／中国 (Zhōngguó, “China; Chinese”).
      中醫 / 中医  ―  zhōngyī  ―  traditional Chinese medicine
      中美關係 / 中美关系  ―  Zhōng Měi guānxì  ―  China–United States relation
    10. Short for 中學／中学 (“middle school”). Used only in the abbreviation of the name.
      三中  ―  Sān Zhōng  ―  No.3 Middle School
    11. 1st tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "the center" (𝌆)
    12. Шаблон:surname-lite

    Синоними

    • (China):
    edit

    Lua грешка: bad argument #1 to 'gsub' (string expected, got nil).

    Једињења

    Изведени термини од 中

    Изговор 2

    Нота:
    • tiòng - literary;
    • tèng - vernacular;
    • thàng - vernacular (limited).
    Нота:
    • dong3 - literary;
    • dêng3 - vernacular.
  • Wu
  • Xiang
    • Rime
    Character 中
    Reading # 2/2
    Initial (聲) 知 (9)
    Final (韻) 東 (2)
    Tone (調) Departing (H)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 陟仲切
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/ʈɨuŋH/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/ʈiuŋH/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/ȶiuŋH/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/ʈuwŋH/
    Li
    Rong         		/ȶiuŋH/
    Wang
    Li         		/ȶĭuŋH/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/ȶi̯uŋH/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		zhòng
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		zung3

    Дефиниције

    中

    1. to hit the mark; to be correct; to be successful
      導彈成功擊中目標 [MSC, trad.]
      导弹成功击中目标 [MSC, simp.]
      dǎodàn chénggōng jī zhòng mùbiāo [Pinyin]
      The missile successfully hit the target.
      真讓他說中了。 / 真让他说中了。  ―  Zhēn ràng tā shuō zhòng le.  ―  He turns out to be correct.
    2. to be hit by; to suffer; to be affected by
      中暑  ―  zhòngshǔ  ―  to suffer a heat stroke
      他試圖爬走時肩膀中槍了。 [MSC, trad.]
      他试图爬走时肩膀中枪了。 [MSC, simp.]
      Tā shìtú pá zǒu shí jiānbǎng zhòngqiāng le. [Pinyin]
      As he tried to crawl away, he was hit in the shoulder.
      他中了肺炎。  ―  Tā zhòng le fèiyán.  ―  He has contracted pneumonia.
    3. to win (a prize, a lottery)
      中樂透 / 中乐透  ―  zhòng lètòu  ―  win a lottery
      中咗六合彩 [Cantonese]  ―  zung3 zo2 luk6 hap6 coi2 [Jyutping]  ―  won the lottery
    Синоними
    • (Singapore Hokkien) 著 (tio̍h)

    Једињења

    Изведени термини од 中

    Претходници

    Sino-Xenic (中):

    Others:

    • → Вијетнамски: đúng (“correct”)
    • → Јапански: 中(チュン) (chun, “red dragon (mahjong tile)”)

    Flag of Japan.svg Јапански


    Јапански Википедија има чланак на:
    Википедија ja

    Kanji

    中

    (grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    Readings

    Compounds

    Compounds

    Common:



    Uncommon:

    Etymology 1

    Kanji за овај терм
    中
    なか
    Степен: 1
    kun’yomi
    За изговор и дефиниције од 中 – види なか.
    (Овај појам, 中, је an alternative spelling of the above terms.)

    (Следећи унос је нестворен: なか.)

    Etymology 2

    Kanji за овај терм
    中
    ちゅう
    Степен: 1
    on’yomi

    From Средњи Кинески 中 (MC ʈɨuŋ).

    Pronunciation

    Noun

    中(ちゅう) (chū) 

    1. middle, medium
      大(だい)中(ちゅう)小(しょう)
      dai chū shō
      large, medium and small
    2. average; neither good nor poor
      中(ちゅう)の出(で)来(き)映(ば)え
      chū no dekibae
      an average performance
    3. during; being in the process of doing
    4. second volume of a three volume set

    Affix

    中(ちゅう) (chū) 

    1. China or Chinese; Sino- (prefix)
      日(にっ)中(ちゅう)関(かん)係(けい)
      Nitchū kankei
      Sino-Japanese relations

    Suffix

    中(ちゅう) (-chū) 

    1. being in the process of doing
      ダウンロード中(ちゅう)
      daunrōdo-chū
      downloading; download in progress
      メンテ中(ちゅう)
      mente-chū
      currently in maintenance
      インストール中(ちゅう)
      insutōru-chū
      installing
      準備(じゅんび)中(ちゅう)
      junbichū
      currently in preparation

    Etymology 3

    Kanji за овај терм
    中
    じゅう
    Степен: 1
    on’yomi
    EB1911 - Volume 01 - Page 001 - 1.svg Ово entry недостаје етимолошких информација. Ако сте упознати са пореклом овог израза, додајте га на страницу etymology instructions. Такође можете да разговарате о томе Етимолошки текстови.
    Посебно: “from a later Chinese reading, sound shift, or rendaku?”

    Pronunciation

    Suffix

    中(じゅう) (-jū) ←ぢゆう (dyū)?

    1. during, in the course of, throughout
      世(せ)界(かい)中(じゅう)
      sekaijū
      throughout the world
      体(からだ)中(じゅう)
      karadajū
      throughout the body
    2. all over, everywhere

    Usage notes

    The distinction between じゅう (jū) and ちゅう (chū) can be somewhat confusing: じゅう (jū) means throughout, in all places, as in 一日中 (ichinichijū, “all day long”) or 体中 (karadajū, “throughout the body”), while ちゅう (chū) means within, but not everywhere, as in 授業中 (jugyōchū, “in class, during class”). Contrast “I worked on this all day long” with “I worked on this in class (but not necessarily for the entire time)”.

    Etymology 4

    Kanji за овај терм
    中
    うち
    Степен: 1
    kun’yomi
    EB1911 - Volume 01 - Page 001 - 1.svg Ово entry недостаје етимолошких информација. Ако сте упознати са пореклом овог израза, додајте га на страницу etymology instructions. Такође можете да разговарате о томе Етимолошки текстови.

    Pronunciation

    Alternative forms

    Noun

    中(うち) (uchi) 

    1. inside

    Usage notes

    内 is the most common kanji for this pronunciation.

    Etymology 5

    Various nanori readings.

    Proper noun

    中(あたり) (atari) 

    1. Шаблон:surname-lite

    中(あたる) (ataru) 

    1. a female given name

    中(なかば) (nakaba) 

    1. Шаблон:surname-lite

    Etymology 6

    Kanji за овај терм
    中
    ちゅん
    Степен: 1
    Irregular

    Borrowing from Мандарин 中 (zhōng)

    Pronunciation

    Noun

    中(チュン) (chun) 

    1. (mahjong) red dragon (tile)

    See also

    References

    1. ↑ 1,0 1,1 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
    2. ↑ 2,0 2,1 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

    Hangugeo-Chosonmal.png Корејски


    Etymology

    From Средњи Кинески 中 (MC ʈɨuŋ).

    Historical Readings
    Dongguk Jeongun Reading
    Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 듀ᇰ (Yale: tyùng)
    Middle Korean
    Text Eumhun
    Gloss (hun) Reading
    Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[1] 가온〮ᄃᆡᆺ (Yale: kàwóntòy-s) 듀ᇰ (Yale: tyùng)

    Pronunciation

    Hanja

    Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

    Wikisource

    中 (eumhun 가운데 중 (gaunde jung))

    1. Hanja form? of 중 (“average Галицијски”).
    2. Hanja form? of 중 (“middle; medium”).
    3. Hanja form? of 중 (“amongst”).
    4. Hanja form? of 중 (“in the course of; during”).
    5. Hanja form? of 중 (“China (in compounds or in news media)”).

    Compounds

    Compounds

    Шаблон:ko-l/multi

    Proper noun

    Hanja in this term
    中

    中 (Jung) (hangeul 중)

    1. (in news headlines) Short for '"`UNIQtemplatestyles0000000FQINU`"'中중國국 (Jungguk, “China”).
      韓·中 관계 ― Han·Jung gwangye ― South Korea – China relations

    Usage notes

    In news headlines, this is usually written solely in the hanja form, even in contemporary Korean text otherwise devoid of any hanja.

    References

    • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

    Old Korean

    Alternative forms

    • 希 (*-huy) (probably represents lenition of initial *k)

    Particle

    中 (*-kuy, *-huy)

    1. in; at; amid (locative case marker, attested in isolation only before the eleventh century)

    Reconstruction notes

    • Conventionally reconstructed as *-kuy because Idu manuals in Han'gul read this character as 희 (-huy), which is believed to reflect an ancient reading tradition. Middle Korean intervocalic /h/ is usually lenited from Old Korean */k/ based on internal and dialectal reconstruction. The non-lenited form also survives directly in pronouns: 이ᅌᅥ긔〮 (ìngèkúy, “here”), 뎌ᇰ어긔〮 (tyèngèkúy, “there”), etc.
    • Assumed to be a logogram borrowed from Chinese, as no Chinese reading or native Korean equivalent of 中 whose phonology is even remotely similar to *kuy is known. The Chinese word often bears a locative meaning as well, and there is a certain parallel in the Vietnamese Nôm use of the same character to write the native preposition trong (“in; inside”).
    • First-millennium Old Korean also featured the locative particle 良 (*-a). The two particles were compounded as 良中 (*-a-kuy) as early as the seventh century. The compounded form becomes predominant in the corpus after the eleventh century, after which 中 *-kuy in isolation is rarely encountered (although a likely Middle Korean reflex is attested in Hangul form as late as the fifteenth century). The compounded form eventually fused into a single morpheme, becoming the Middle Korean locative particle 에〮/애〮 (-éy/áy).
    • At some point, perhaps even before widespread compounding, */k/ was lenited to */h/. Lenition may have begun as early as the eighth century, given the attestation of the 希 form in the poem 讚耆婆郞歌 Changiparang-ga, whose claimed date of composition is 740.
    • Nam Pung-hyun suggests that 矣 (*-uy), another apparent locative particle attested in the Old Korean corpus, should be connected to 中 (*-kuy.) He classifies both as "uy-type locatives", in contrast to 良 (*-a) as an "a-type locative", and speculates that the uy-type locatives were reserved for animate beings while 良 could be used indiscriminately.

    Descendants

    • Old Korean: 良中 (*-akuy) (compounded with 良 (*-a))
      • Middle Korean: 에〮 (-éy)
        • Корејски: 에 (-e)
    • Middle Korean: 희 (-huy) (rare)

    See also

    • 良 (*-a) (locative case marker)
    • 矣 (*-uy) (locative case marker)
    • 良中 (*-akuy) (locative case marker predominant after the eleventh century)

    References

    • 배대은 (1996), “이두 처격조사의 통시적 고찰 [A diachronic study of locative case markers in Idu]”, in Baedalmal, volume 21, pages 139–156
    • 이승재 (2000), “차자표기 자료의 격조사 연구 [Study of case markers in the Chinese-based orthography [of Korean]]”, in Gugeo Gukmunhak, volume 127, pages 107–132
    • Hwang Seon-yeop (2006). "Godae gugeo-ui cheogyeok josa" 고대국어의 처격조사] ["The locative case markers of Old Korean"]. Hanmal Yeon'gu Hakhoe Jeon'guk Haksul Daehoe (conference). Seongnam, South Korea. pp. 35–48.
    • Nam Pung-hyun (2012), “Old Korean”, in The Languages of Japan and Korea, Routledge, →ISBN, pages 41–72

    Natively Vietnamese-speaking areas.png Вијетнамски


    Han character

    中: Hán Việt readings: trung-tdcndg;tdcntd;gdhn;bonet;genibrel (陟(trắc)弓(cung)切(thiết)), trúng-tdcndg;tdcntd;gdhn;bonet;genibrel
    中: Nôm readings: trúng-tdcndg;tdcntd;gdhn;bonet;taberd, trong-tdcndg;tdcntd;gdhn;btcn, trung-tdcndg;tdcntd;bonet;taberd, truồng-gdhn;bonet;genibrel;taberd, đúng-gdhn, truông-btcn

    1. Hán tự form of trung, “middle”
    2. Hán tự form of Trung, “Sino-”
    3. Hán tự form of trúng, “to hit”
    4. Nôm form of trong (“in; inside; within”).

    Compounds

    Compounds

    References




    中 (кинески)

    中 U+4E2D, 中
    CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E2D
    ← 丬
    [U+4E2C]         		ЦЈК јединствени идеограми 丮 →
    [U+4E2E]
    Објашњење.

    Изговор:

    пинјин: zhōng  
    Аудио: Loudspeaker.svg(датотека)
    Шаблон:zh-cir

    Радикал:

    丨 00205

    Значења:

    ...

    Примери:

    1. 13 雀鳥中你們當以為可憎、不可喫的、乃是鵰、狗頭鵰、紅頭鵰、
      1. 13 Què niǎo zhōng nǐmen dāng yǐwéi kězēng, bùkě chī de, nǎi shì diāo, gǒutóu diāo, hóngtóu diāo,
        1. 13. А између птица ове да су вам гадне и да их не једете: орао и јастреб и морски орао,
          1. 5 Мој. 14:12, Рим. 14:1, Рим. 14:21

    Синоними:

    ...


    Хомофони:

    ...

    Хомографи:

    ...

    ХСК ниво:

    ...

    Асоцијације:

    ...

    Изведене речи:


    Сродни чланци са Википедије:

    中


    Преводи

    • Енглески:
    • Француски:
    • Немачки:
    • Италијански:
    • Шпански:
    • Португалски:
    • Арапски:
    • Руски:
    • Српски:
    • Грчки:
    • Бугарски:
    • Шведски:

    Референце

    Шаблон:Kate Шаблон:Kate

    Преузето из „https://sr.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=中&oldid=673461”