This is a Свадеш листа of words in Slovene , compared with that of Енглески .
Presentation [ уреди ]
For further information, including the full final version of the list, read the Wikipedia article: Swadesh list .
American linguist Morris Swadesh believed that languages changed at measurable rates and that these could be determined even for languages without written precursors. Using vocabulary lists, he sought to understand not only change over time but also the relationships of extant languages . To be able to compare languages from different cultures, he based his lists on meanings he presumed would be available in as many cultures as possible. He then used the fraction of agreeing cognates between any two related languages to compute their divergence time by some (still debated) algorithms . Starting in 1950 with 165 meanings, his list grew to 215 in 1952, which was so expansive that many languages lacked native vocabulary for some terms. Subsequently, it was reduced to 207, and reduced much further to 100 meanings in 1955. A reformulated list was published posthumously in 1971.
No.
Енглески
Slovene slovenščina
1
I
jaz
2
you (singular)
ti
3
he
on
4
we
mi
5
you (plural)
vi
6
they
oni
7
this
ta , to
8
that
tisti , tista , tisto
9
here
tu , tukaj
10
there
tam
11
who
kdo (interrogative)
12
what
kaj (interrogative)
13
where
kje (no movement, interrogative)
14
when
kdaj (interrogative)
15
how
kako (interrogative)
16
not
ne
17
all
vse
18
many
veliko , mnogo
19
some
nekoliko
20
few
malo
21
other
drugi
22
one
ena
23
two
dva , dve
24
three
tri
25
four
štiri
26
five
pet
27
big
velik
28
long
dolg
29
wide
širok
30
thick
debel
31
heavy
težek , težak#Slovene
32
small
majhen
33
short
kratek
34
narrow
ozek
35
thin
tanek
36
woman
ženska
37
man (adult male)
moški
38
man (human being)
človek
39
child
dete , otrok
40
wife
žena
41
husband
mož
42
mother
mati
43
father
oče
44
animal
žival
45
fish
riba
46
bird
ptič , ptica
47
dog
pes
48
louse
uš
49
snake
kača
50
worm
črv
51
tree
drevo
52
forest
gozd
53
stick
palica
54
fruit
plod
55
seed
seme
56
leaf
list
57
root
koren
58
bark (of a tree)
skorja
59
flower
roža , cvet
60
grass
trava
61
rope
vrv
62
skin
koža
63
meat
meso
64
blood
kri
65
bone
kost
66
fat (noun)
maščoba
67
egg
jajce
68
horn
rog
69
tail
rep
70
feather
pero
71
hair
lasje
72
head
glava
73
ear
uho
74
eye
oko
75
nose
nos
76
mouth
usta
77
tooth
zob
78
tongue (organ)
jezik
79
fingernail
noht
80
foot
noga , stopalo
81
leg
noga
82
knee
koleno
83
hand
roka
84
wing
krilo
85
belly
trebuh
86
guts
drobovje
87
neck
vrat
88
back
hrbet
89
breast
prsi , grudi
90
heart
srce
91
liver
jetra
92
to drink
piti
93
to eat
jesti
94
to bite
gristi
95
to suck
sesati
96
to spit
pljuvati
97
to vomit
bljuvati , bruhati
98
to blow
pihati
99
to breathe
dihati
100
to laugh
smejati se
101
to see
videti
102
to hear
slišati
103
to know
vedeti
104
to think
misliti
105
to smell
(po)duhati
106
to fear
bati se
107
to sleep
spati
108
to live
živeti
109
to die
umreti, umirati
110
to kill
ubiti
111
to fight
boriti se
112
to hunt
loviti
113
to hit
udariti
114
to cut
rezati
115
to split
razcepiti
116
to stab
zabosti , zbosti
117
to scratch
škrabati , škrabljati
118
to dig
kopati
119
to swim
plavati
120
to fly
leteti
121
to walk
hoditi
122
to come
priti
123
to lie (as in a bed)
ležati (state)
124
to sit
sedeti (state)
125
to stand
stati (state)
126
to turn (intransitive)
obrniti
127
to fall
padati
128
to give
dajati
129
to hold
držati
130
to squeeze
stiskati
131
to rub
treti
132
to wash
umivati
133
to wipe
otirati , brisati
134
to pull
vleči
135
to push
suniti
136
to throw
metati
137
to tie
vezati
138
to sew
šivati
139
to count
šteti
140
to say
reči
141
to sing
peti
142
to play
igrati
143
to float
plavati
144
to flow
teči
145
to freeze
zamrzniti
146
to swell
otekati
147
sun
sonce
148
moon
luna
149
star
zvezda
150
water
voda
151
rain
dež
152
river
reka
153
lake
jezero
154
sea
morje
155
salt
sol
156
stone
kamen
157
sand
pesek
158
dust
prah
159
earth
zemlja
160
cloud
oblak
161
fog
megla
162
sky
nebo
163
wind
veter
164
snow
sneg
165
ice
led
166
smoke
dim
167
fire
ogenj
168
ash
pepel
169
to burn
žgati
170
road
cesta
171
mountain
gora
172
red
rdeč
173
green
zelen
174
yellow
rumen
175
white
bel
176
black
črn
177
night
noč
178
day
dan
179
year
leto
180
warm
topel
181
cold
hladen
182
full
poln
183
new
nov
184
old
star
185
good
dober
186
bad
zloben
187
rotten
gnil
188
dirty
umazan
189
straight
raven
190
round
okrogel
191
sharp (as a knife)
oster
192
dull (as a knife)
top
193
smooth
gladek
194
wet
moker
195
dry
suh
196
correct
pravilen
197
near
bližnji
198
far
oddaljen
199
right
desni
200
left
levi
201
at
pri
202
in
v
203
with
s , z
204
and
in
205
if
če , ako
206
because
ker
207
name
ime
When the words have various forms (verbs conjugation, gender and number agreement, declensions), the orthography is the following :
verbs: infinitive
other words: masculine, singular, nominative (subject)
For specific cases (no infinitive, feminine name, plural name for instance), the simplest form is used.
Погледајте такође [ уреди ]
Библиографија [ уреди ]
Les langages de l'humanité (Michel Malherbe), Robert Laffont, Paris 1995 - →ISBN 2-221-05947-6 ( French )
Додатна литература [ уреди ]
Свадеш листе
Individual languages
Afrikaans –
Albanian – tib
Amharic –
Antillean Creole –
Arabic: Standard Arabic ,
Egyptian Arabic ,
Moroccan Arabic ,
Palestinian Arabic ,
Tunisian Arabic ,
Cypriot Arabic –
Armenian –
Aromanian –
Assamese –
Bangala –
Bashkir –
Basque –
Belarusian –
Bengali –
Breton –
Bukitan –
Bulgarian –
Burmese –
Burushaski –
Catalan –
Chechen –
Chinese: Cantonese ,
Gan ,
Mandarin ,
Min Nan (Amoy) ,
Min Dong ,
Sichuanese ,
Old Chinese –
Czech –
Dalmatian –
Danish –
Холандски –
Egyptian –
English: Old , Middle –
Esperanto –
Estonian –
Fiji Hindi –
Fijian –
Finnish –
Француски , Old French –
Frisian (West) –
Friulian –
Galician –
Georgian –
German –
Greek: Modern Greek ,
Ancient Greek –
Guaraní –
Gujarati –
Haida –
Haitian Creole –
Hausa –
Hawaiian –
Hebrew –
Hindi –
Hittite –
Hmong (White) –
Hungarian –
Hunsrik –
Icelandic –
Ido –
Ilocano –
Indonesian –
Interlingue –
Irish –
Italian –
Japanese –
Kashubian –
Khmer –
Konkani –
Korean –
Kurdish –
Latin , Vulgar Latin –
Latvian –
Lingala –
Lingua Franca Nova –
Lingwa de Planeta –
Lithuanian –
Lojban –
Luwian –
Macedonian –
Malagasy –
Malay –
Maltese –
Marathi –
Mauritian Creole –
Megleno-Romanian –
Mongolian –
Neapolitan –
Nepali –
Ojibwe –
Ossetian –
Pali –
Papiamento –
Polish –
Portuguese , Old Portuguese –
Punjabi –
Purepecha –
Quechua –
Romani –
Romanian –
Russian –
Sanskrit –
Scottish Gaelic –
Serbo-Croatian –
Sicilian –
Sinhalese –
Slovak –
Slovene –
Somali –
Spanish –
Sranan –
Sundanese –
Swahili –
Swedish –
Tagalog –
Tahitian –
Tajik –
Temiar –
Thai –
Tocharian B –
Ток Писин –
Turkish –
Tuvaluan –
Ukrainian –
Vietnamese –
Walloon –
Welsh –
Zazaki –
Zulu
Reconstructed languages
Proto-Balto-Slavic –
Proto-Indo-European –
Proto-Indo-Iranian –
Proto-Slavic
Language families, family branches, and geographic groupings
Afro-Asiatic –
Algonquian –
Altaic –
Austro-Asiatic –
Australian –
Austronesian –
Baltic –
Bantu –
Celtic –
Dené–Yeniseian –
Dravidian –
Finnic –
Formosan –
Frisian –
Germanic –
Hmong-Mien –
Hokan –
Kho-Bwa –
Indo-Aryan –
Indo-Iranian –
Italian –
Mayan –
Muskogean –
Niger–Congo –
Oto-Manguean –
Paleosiberian –
Penutian –
Romance –
Sino-Tibetan –
Slavic –
Siouan –
South American –
Tai–Kadai –
Tibeto-Burman –
Tupi–Guarani –
Turkic –
Uralic –
Uto-Aztecan