惡

Takođe pogledajte: 悪, 恶, 亞, i 噩

惡	U+60E1, 惡 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-60E1

← 惠
[U+60E0]

CJK jedinstveni ideogrami

惢 →
[U+60E2]

惡	U+F9B9, 惡 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9B9

← 隸
[U+F9B8]

CJK kompatibilni ideografi

了 →
[U+F9BA]

međunarodno

Tradicionalni	惡
Shinjitai	悪
Uprošćeni	恶

Han character

惡 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+8, 12 strokes, cangjie input 一一心 (MMP), četiri-ugla 1033₁, composition ⿱亞心)

Descendants

𛀅

References

KangXi: page 391, karakter 25
Dai Kanwa Jiten: karakter 10824
Dae Jaweon: strana 724, karakter 7
Hanyu Da Zidian: tom 4, strana 2307, karakter 12
Unihan data za U+60E1

Unihan data za U+F9B9

Kineski

Glyph origin

Istorijski oblici karaktera 惡
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Znakovi u istom fonetskom nizu (亞) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Stari Kineski
椏
錏
鵶
啞
瘂
亞
婭
俹
稏
惡
噁
堊
蝁

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声 (xíngshēng)) : phonetic 亞／亚 + semantic 心 (“heart”).

Etymology 1

trad.		惡
jedn.		恶
alternativne forme		僫悪𢛫𢝏䜑僫悪𢛫𢝏䜑䛩

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ʔak (“bad”); cognate with Tibetan ཨག་པོ (ag po, “bad”) (Coblin, 1986; Schuessler, 2007). Also related to Tajski ยาก (yâak, “difficult”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinjin): è (e⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄜˋ

(Chengdu, SP): ngo²
Kantonski
(Guangzhou, Jyutping): ok³

(Taishan, Wiktionary): ok²
Gan (Vikirečnik): ngoh⁶
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): ok

(Meixian, Guangdong): og⁵
Jin (Wiktionary): ghah⁴
Min Bei (KCR): ŏ̤
Min Dong (BUC): áuk
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): ok / oh

(Teochew, Peng'im): ag⁴ / oh⁴
Wu (Wiktionary): oq (T4)
Xiang (Wiktionary): o⁶

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinjin: è
  - Zhuyin: ㄜˋ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: eh
  - Tongyong Pinyin: è
  - Wade–Giles: o⁴
  - Sinological MFA ^(key): /ˀɤ⁵¹/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: ngo²
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: ngo
  - Sinological MFA ^(key): /ŋo²¹/
Kantonski
- (Standard Kantonski, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: ok³
  - Yale: ok
  - Cantonese Pinyin: ok⁸
  - Guangdong Romanization: og³
  - Sinological MFA ^(key): /ɔːk̚³/

Nota: The zero initial /∅-/ is commonly pronounced with a ng-initial /ŋ-/ in some varieties of Cantonese, including Hong Kong Cantonese.

- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Vikirečnik: ok²
  - Sinological MFA ^(key): /ɔk̚⁵⁵/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: ngoh⁶
  - Sinological MFA ^(key): /ŋɔʔ⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ok
  - Hakka Romanization System: og`
  - Hagfa Pinyim: og⁵
  - IPA: /ok̚²/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: og⁵
  - IPA: /ɔk̚¹/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Vikirečnik: ghah⁴
  - Sinological MFA (old-style): /ɣaʔ²/
Min Bei
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ŏ̤
  - Sinological MFA ^(key): /ɔ²⁴/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: áuk
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɑuʔ²⁴/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ok
  - Tâi-lô: ok
  - Phofsit Daibuun: og
  - MFA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /ɔk̚³²/
  - MFA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /ɔk̚⁵/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, Taipei, Tainan, Kaohsiung, Taichung, Hsinchu, Lukang, Sanxia, Yilan, Kinmen, Magong, Singapore)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: oh
  - Tâi-lô: oh
  - Phofsit Daibuun: oiq
  - MFA (Yilan): /oʔ²/
  - MFA (Tainan, Kaohsiung): /ɤʔ³²/
  - MFA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kinmen, Singapore): /oʔ³²/
  - MFA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Lukang): /oʔ⁵/

Nota:

ok - literary;
oh - vernacular (“difficult; slow”, usually written as 僫).

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: ag⁴ / oh⁴
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ak / oh
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /ak̚²/, /oʔ²/

Nota:

ag4 - literary;
oh4 - vernacular (“difficult”).

Wu

(Shanghainese)
- Wiktionary: oq (T4)
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʊʔ⁵⁵/

Xiang

(Changsha)
- Wiktionary: o⁶
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /o²⁴/

Definitions

惡

evil; wicked; foul
惡毒／恶毒 ― wùdú ― malicious

他經常作惡，這回終於犯事了。 [MSC, trad.]
他经常作恶，这回终于犯事了。 [MSC, simp.]
Tā jīngcháng zuòwù, zhè huí zhōngyú fànshì le. [Pinyin]
He often does bad things and has finally been caught.

Antonym: 善 (shàn)
fierce; hostile; ferocious
惡戰／恶战 ― wùzhàn ― to fight fiercely

內有惡犬／内有恶犬 ― nèi yǒu wù quǎn ― there is a fierce dog inside

佢心情唔好就好惡㗎喇。 [Cantonese, trad.]
佢心情唔好就好恶㗎喇。 [Cantonese, simp.]
keoi⁵ sam¹ cing⁴ m⁴ hou² zau⁶ hou² ok³ gaa³ laa³. [Jyutping]
When he's upset, he gets really hostile.
bad; poor
惡習／恶习 ― wùxí ― bad habits

惡化／恶化 ― wùhuà ― to deteriorate
- 士志於道，而恥惡衣惡食者，未足與議也。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  士志于道，而耻恶衣恶食者，未足与议也。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: The Analects of Confucius, circa 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
  Shì zhì yú dào, ér chǐ wù yī wù shí zhě, wèi zú yǔ yì yě. [Pinyin]
  A scholar, whose mind is set on truth, and who is ashamed of bad clothes and bad food, is not fit to be discoursed with.
(Cantonese, Min Nan) difficult
呢單嘢好惡搞。 [Cantonese, trad.]
呢单嘢好恶搞。 [Cantonese, simp.]
ni¹ daan¹ je⁵ hou² ok³ gaau². [Jyutping]
This is really hard to deal with.
(Taiwanese Hokkien) slow

Usage notes

僫 is more common for the Hokkien word when pronounced oh.

Synonyms

The dial-syn page 「難」 does not yet exist. Create the data page and the map!

Compounds

Izvedeni termini od 惡

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (惡):

Japanese: 悪(あく) (aku)
Korean: 악 (惡, ak)
Vietnamese: ác (惡)

Etymology 2

trad.		惡
jedn.		恶
alternativne forme		僫悪𢛫𢝏䜑僫悪𢛫𢝏䜑䛩

Exoactive of etymology 1 (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinjin): wù (wu⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄨˋ
Kantonski
(Guangzhou, Jyutping): wu³

(Taishan, Wiktionary): vu¹
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): vu
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): òⁿ / ò͘

(Teochew, Peng'im): u³
Wu (Wiktionary): u (T2)

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinjin: wù
  - Zhuyin: ㄨˋ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: wuh
  - Tongyong Pinyin: wù
  - Wade–Giles: wu⁴
  - Sinological MFA ^(key): /u⁵¹/
Kantonski
- (Standard Kantonski, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: wu³
  - Yale: wu
  - Cantonese Pinyin: wu³
  - Guangdong Romanization: wu³
  - Sinological MFA ^(key): /wuː³³/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Vikirečnik: vu¹
  - Sinological MFA ^(key): /vu³³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: vu
  - Hakka Romanization System: vu
  - Hagfa Pinyim: vu⁴
  - IPA: /vu⁵⁵/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: òⁿ
  - Tâi-lô: ònn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: vox
  - MFA (Xiamen, Kaohsiung): /ɔ̃²¹/
  - MFA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /ɔ̃⁴¹/
  - MFA (Taipei): /ɔ̃¹¹/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ò͘
  - Tâi-lô: òo
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ox
  - MFA (Zhangzhou): /ɔ²¹/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: u³
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ù
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /u²¹³/
Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: u (T2)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /v̩ʷ³⁴/

Definitions

惡

to hate; to loathe; to dislike
厭惡／厌恶 ― yànwù ― to loathe
- 死亦我所惡，所惡有甚於死者，故患有所不辟也。 [MSC, trad.]
  死亦我所恶，所恶有甚于死者，故患有所不辟也。 [MSC, simp.]
  From: Mencius-L
  Sǐ yì wǒ suǒ wù, suǒ wù yǒu shèn yú sǐ zhě, gù huàn yǒu suǒ bù bì yě. [Pinyin]
  I dislike death indeed, but there is that which I dislike more than death, and therefore there are occasions when I will not avoid danger.
- 好賢如《緇衣》，惡惡如《巷伯》。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  好贤如《缁衣》，恶恶如《巷伯》。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: The Book of Rites, circa 4^th – 2^nd century BCE
  Hào xián rú “Zī Yī”, wù è rú “Xiàng Bó”. [Pinyin]
  Love the good (persons) like how the poet of Black Robes loves her lover, and loathe the wicked like the poet who wrote Xiang Bo.
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Compounds

Izvedeni termini od 惡

Etymology 3

trad.		惡
jedn.		恶
alternativne forme		僫悪𢛫𢝏䜑僫悪𢛫𢝏䜑䛩

Cognate with 安 (“where; how”), 焉 (“where; how”).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinjin): wū (wu¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄨ
Kantonski (Jyutping): wu¹
Min Nan (Teochew, Peng'im): u¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinjin: wū
  - Zhuyin: ㄨ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: u
  - Tongyong Pinyin: wu
  - Wade–Giles: wu¹
  - Sinological MFA ^(key): /u⁵⁵/
Kantonski
- (Standard Kantonski, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: wu¹
  - Yale: wū
  - Cantonese Pinyin: wu¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: wu¹
  - Sinological MFA ^(key): /wuː⁵⁵/
Min Nan
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: u¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: u
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /u³³/

Definitions

惡

^† An interrogative pronoun: how
- 君子去仁，惡乎成名？ [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  君子去仁，恶乎成名？ [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: The Analects of Confucius, circa 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
  Jūnzǐ qù rén, wū hū chéngmíng? [Pinyin]
  If a superior man abandon virtue, how can he fulfil the requirements of that name?
- 自我觀之，仁義之端，是非之塗，樊然殽亂，吾惡能知其辯？ [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  自我观之，仁义之端，是非之涂，樊然殽乱，吾恶能知其辩？ [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: Zhuangzi, circa 3^rd – 2^nd centuries BCE
  Zì wǒ guān zhī, rényì zhī duān, shìfēi zhī tú, fánrán yáoluàn, wú wū néng zhī qí biàn? [Pinyin]
  As I look at the matter, the first principles of benevolence and righteousness and the paths of approval and disapproval are inextricably mixed and confused together - how is it possible that I should know how to discriminate among them?
- 先生飲一斗而醉，惡能飲一石哉？ [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  先生饮一斗而醉，恶能饮一石哉？ [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, circa 91 BCE
  Xiānshēng yǐn yī dǒu ér zuì, wū néng yǐn yī dàn zāi? [Pinyin]
  You, sir, become drunk after drinking just one dou; how can you drink one dan?
^† Interjection used to express surprise: oh; ah

Compounds

Izvedeni termini od 惡

喑惡叱吒／喑恶叱吒

惡乎／恶乎

惡有／恶有

Etymology 4

Za izgovor i definicije od 惡 – vidi 噁. (Ovaj character, 惡, je jednostavni oblik od 噁.)

Etymology 5

trad.		惡
jedn.		恶
alternativne forme		污屙涴

Probably related to etymologies 1 and 2 (Zhengzhang, 2011b; Xiang, 2019). Alternatively, 涴 (“to soil; to stain”) has been proposed to be the etymon (Cao, 2008).

Pronunciation

Wu (Wiktionary): u (T2)

Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: u (T2)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /v̩ʷ³⁴/

Definitions

惡

(Wu) excrement

Synonyms

The dial-syn page 「屎」 does not yet exist. Create the data page and the map!

References

Japanski

Shinjitai	悪
Kyūjitai	惡

Kanji

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Readings

Go-on: あく (aku); う (u)
Kan-on: あく (aku); お (o)
Kun: わるい (warui, 惡い)

Korejski

Etymology 1

From Middle Chinese 惡.

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448	ᅙᅡᆨ〮 (Yale: qák)
Middle Korean
Text	Eumhun
Text	*Gloss (hun)*	Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527^[2]	모〯딜 (Yale: mwǒtìl)	악〮 (Yale: ák)

Pronunciation

(SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [a̠k̚]
Phonetic hangul: [악]

Hanja

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

惡

Wikisource

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Hanja form^? of 악 (“evil; wickedness”).

Compounds

간악 (奸惡, ganak)
강악 (強惡, gang'ak)
괴악 (怪惡, goeak)
극악 (極惡, geugak)
선악 (善惡, seonak)
악감 (惡感, akgam)
악과 (惡果, akgwa)
악귀 (惡鬼, akgwi)
악기 (惡氣, akgi)
악녀 (惡女, angnyeo)
악담 (惡談, akdam)
악당 (惡黨, akdang)
악덕 (惡德, akdeok)
악령 (惡靈, angnyeong)
악마 (惡魔, angma)
악몽 (惡夢, angmong)
악법 (惡法, akbeop)
악설 (惡舌/惡說, akseol)
악성 (惡性, akseong)
악성 (惡聲, akseong)
악습 (惡習, akseup)
악역 (惡役, agyeok)
악용 (惡用, agyong)
악의 (惡意, agui)
악인 (惡人, agin)
악질 (惡疾, akjil)
악질 (惡質, akjil)
악취 (惡臭, akchwi)
악투 (惡投, aktu)
악폐 (惡弊, akpye)
악풍 (惡風, akpung)
악화 (惡化, akhwa)
열악 (劣惡, yeorak)
잔악 (殘惡, janak)
조악 (粗惡, joak)
죄악 (罪惡, joeak)
참악 (慘惡, chamak)
최악 (最惡, choeak)
추악 (醜惡, chuak)
포악 (暴惡, poak)
해악 (害惡, haeak)
행악 (行惡, haeng'ak)
험악 (險惡, heomak)
흉악 (凶惡, hyung'ak)

Etymology 2

From Middle Chinese 惡.

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448	ᅙᅩᆼ〮 (Yale: qwó)
Middle Korean
Text	Eumhun
Text	*Gloss (hun)*	Reading
Sinjeung Yuhap, 1576	아쳐 (Yale: achye)	오 (Yale: wo)

Pronunciation

(SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [o̞]
Phonetic hangul: [오]

Hanja

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Hanja form^? of 오 (“to hate”).

Compounds

오한 (惡寒, ohan)
증오 (憎惡, jeung'o)
혐오 (嫌惡, hyeomo)

References

국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [3]

Vijetnamski

Han character

Ovaj izraz zahteva definiciju. Molim vas pomozite i dodajte prevod, zatim uklonite tekst {{rfdef}}.

惡 (kineski)

Izgovor:

pinjin: è

Audio:

(datoteka)

Šablon:zh-cir

Radikal:

心 061

Šablon:Karakter Šablon:Tetrada

Značenja:

...

Primeri:

21 他未見雅各中有罪孽、也未見以色列中有奸惡^[1]．耶和華他的　神和他同在、有歡呼王的聲音在他們中間。
1. 21 Tā wèi jiàn yā gè zhōng yǒu zuìniè, yě wèi jiàn yǐsèliè zhōng yǒu jiān è. Yēhéhuá tā de shén hé tā tóng zài, yǒu huānhū wáng de shēngyīn zài tāmen zhōngjiān.
  1. 21. Ne gleda na bezakonje u Jakovu ni na nevaljalstvo u Izrailju; Gospod je njegov s njim, i graja u njemu kao car kad nadvlada.
    1. 2 Moj. 13:21, 5 Moj. 33:5, Psal. 89:15, Psal. 97:1, Psal. 98:6, Isa. 33:22, Jer. 50:20, Os. 14:2, Mih. 7:18, Luka 19:37, Rim. 4:7, Rim. 6:14, 2 Kor. 5:19

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Reference

↑ 民數記 23 章 [1]

[1] 民數記 23 章 [1]

[1]

međunarodno

Han character

Descendants

References

Kineski

Glyph origin

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Definitions

Usage notes

Synonyms

Compounds

Descendants

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Definitions

Compounds

Etymology 3

Pronunciation

Definitions

Compounds

See also

Etymology 4

Etymology 5

Pronunciation

Definitions

Synonyms

References

Japanski

Kanji

Readings

Korejski

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Hanja

Compounds

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Hanja

Compounds

References

Vijetnamski

Han character

惡 (kineski)

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