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元

Такође погледајте: 兀, 示, и 亓

元 U+5143, 元
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5143
← 兂
[U+5142]
CJK Unified Ideographs 兄 →
[U+5144]
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Han character

元 (Kangxi radical 10, 儿+2, 4 strokes, cangjie input 一一山 (MMU), четири-угла 10211, composition ⿱一兀 or ⿱二儿)

Derived characters

References

  • KangXi: page 123, карактер 6
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: карактер 1340
  • Dae Jaweon: страна 258, карактер 3
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: том 1, страна 264, карактер 6
  • Unihan data за U+5143

Further reading


Кинески


једн. and трад.
元
Wikipedia has articles on:
  • 元 (Written Standard Chinese?)
  • 元 (Кантонски)
  • 元 (Класични)
  • 元 (Ган)

Glyph origin

Историјски облици карактера 元
Shang Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Знакови у истом фонетском низу (元) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Стари Кинески
冠
莞
脘
筦
梡
岏
刓
园
忨
蚖
黿
抏
玩
貦
翫
妧
完
捖
垸
綄
院
皖
晥
浣
頑
睆
鯇
元
沅
芫
杬
邧
阮
俒

Pictogram (象形 (xiàngxíng)) – a figure with two lines 二 for a head (one connected to body, one above it), emphasizing the head.

Etymology 1

Possibly from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m/s-gaw (“head”), with a noun-forming suffix *-n (Schuessler, 2003; STEDT). If so, cognate with 后 (“ruler; lord; queen”), Tibetan མགོ (mgo, “head; summit; beginning”), མགོན (mgon, “protector; master; lord”), Garo sko (“skull”), Northern Tujia kho⁵⁵ pa⁵⁵ (“head”) (Schuessler, 2007; STEDT). 原 (“source; origin; basic; primary”) and 黿 (“large turtle”) may be the same word (Schuessler, 2007). It may also be related to 君 (“lord; prince; ruler”), 尹 (“magistrate; governor”), 侯 (“marquis”) (Mei, 1985).

The name of the dynasty comes from the I Ching:

大哉乾元,萬物資始,乃統天。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
大哉干元,万物资始,乃统天。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]
From: I Ching, 11th – 8th century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
Dà zāi qián yuán, wànwù zī shǐ, nǎi tǒng tiān. [Pinyin]
Vast is the ‘great and originating (power)’ indicated by Qian! All things owe to it their beginning: - it contains all the meaning belonging to (the name) heaven.

Pronunciation

Lua грешка in Модул:wuu-pron at line 210: Invalid syllable: 3nyoe,3hhyoe. Wugniu expected, but another romanisation is supplied..

Definitions

元

  1. † head
  2. first; primary; head; chief
  3. basic; fundamental
  4. origin; source
    Синоними: 原
  5. meta-
  6. Класификатор за yuan or dollars.
  7. (mathematics) variable; unknown; element
    消元法  ―  xiāoyuánfǎ  ―  method of elimination (literally, “method of eliminating matrix elements”)
    立天元一 [Classical Chinese]  ―  lì tiānyuán yī [Pinyin]  ―  Let x be the unknown variable in the equation.
    主元  ―  zhǔyuán  ―  pivot
  8. (~朝) Yuan Dynasty
    元曲  ―  yuánqū  ―  Yuan dynasty theater
  9. (~日) (telegraphy) the thirteenth day of a month
  10. A презиме​..
    元好問/元好问  ―  Yuán Hàowèn  ―  Yuan Haowen (Jin dynasty poet)
Synonyms
See also
Dynasties (朝代) in Chinese history
Name Time period Divisions
Xia
夏 (~朝, ~代)
2070 – 1600 BCE
Shang
商 (~朝, ~代)
殷 (~朝, ~代)
1600 – 1046 BCE
Zhou
周 (~朝, ~代)
1046 – 256 BCE Western Zhou
西周
Eastern Zhou
東周/东周
Spring and Autumn period
春秋
Warring States period
戰國/战国
Qin
秦 (~朝, ~代)
221 – 206 BCE
Han
漢/汉 (~朝, ~代)
206 BCE – 220 CE Western Han
西漢/西汉
Xin
新 (~朝)
Eastern Han
東漢/东汉
Three Kingdoms
三國/三国
220 – 280 CE Wei
魏
Shu
蜀
Wu
吳/吴
Jin
晉/晋 (~朝, ~代)
265 – 420 CE Western Jin
西晉/西晋
Eastern Jin
東晉/东晋
Southern and Northern dynasties
南北朝
420 – 589 CE Northern dynasties
北朝
Northern Wei
北魏
Western Wei
西魏
Eastern Wei
東魏/东魏
Northern Zhou
北周
Northern Qi
北齊/北齐
Southern dynasties
南朝
Liu Song
劉宋/刘宋
Southern Qi
南齊/南齐
Liang
梁 (~朝, ~代)
Chen
陳/陈 (~朝, ~代)
Sui
隋 (~朝, ~代)
581 – 618 CE
Tang
唐 (~朝, ~代)
618 – 907 CE
Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms
五代十國/五代十国
907 – 960 CE
Liao
遼/辽 (~朝, ~代)
907 – 1125 CE
Song
宋 (~朝, ~代)
960 – 1279 CE Northern Song
北宋
Southern Song
南宋
Western Xia
西夏
1038 – 1227 CE
Jin
金 (~朝, ~代)
1115 – 1234 CE
Western Liao
西遼/西辽
1124 – 1218 CE
Yuan
元 (~朝, ~代)
1271 – 1368 CE
Ming
明 (~朝, ~代)
1368 – 1644 CE
Qing
清 (~朝, ~代)
1636 – 1912 CE

Compounds

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Descendants

Sino-Xenic (元):
  • → Корејски: 원(元) (won)
  • → Вијетнамски: nguyên (元)
  • → Енглески: yuan
  • Etymology 2

    За изговор и дефиниције од 元 – види 圓.
    (Овај character, 元, је the draft (1955) first-round simplified and second-round simplified облик од 圓.)

    References


    Јапански


    Kanji

    Шаблон:ja-kanji

    Readings

    Compounds

    Etymology 1

    Kanji in this term
    元
    もと
    Степен: 2
    kun'yomi
    Alternative spellings
    本
    原
    基
    素

    ⟨mo2to2⟩ → /moto/

    From Old Japanese. Cited to the Kojiki of 712 CE.[1] From Proto-Japonic *mətə. Cognate with Okinawan 元 (mutu).

    Pronunciation

    Noun

    元(もと) (moto) 

    1. cause, origin
    2. basis, foundation
    3. cost
      元(もと)がとれる
      moto ga toreru
      to be able to cover the cost
    4. (finance) capital
      2000円(にせんえん)の元(もと)を取(と)る
      nisen-en no moto o toru
      to get one's 2000 yen's worth
      (literally, “to take the 2000 yen principal”)
    5. principal

    Derived terms

    Prefix

    元(もと) (moto-) 

    1. former, erstwhile
      元(もと)カレ、元(もと)カノ
      motokare, motokano
      former boyfriend, former girlfriend
      プロジェクトの元(もと)・担(たん)当(とう)者(しゃ)の田(た)中(なか)氏(し)
      purojekuto no moto tantōsha no Tanaka-shi
      former project manager Tanaka

    Etymology 2

    Kanji in this term
    元
    げん
    Степен: 2
    kan'on

    From the Middle Chinese-derived reading of the kanji characters.

    Proper noun

    元(げん) (Gen) 

    1. the Yuan dynasty (1271-1368)

    Etymology 3

    From 始(はじ)め (hajime, “beginning”).

    Pronunciation

    Proper noun

    元(はじめ) or 元(proper) (hajime or proper) [[Категорија:Јапански Шаблон:error|はしめ]]

    1. a male дато име

    References

    1. ↑ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Јапански), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
    2. ↑ 2,0 2,1 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN 4-385-13905-9

    Корејски


    Hanja

    元 (eumhun 으뜸 원 (eutteum won))

    1. Hanja form? of 원 (“chief”).

    Okinawan

    Kanji

    元

    (grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    Readings

    Compounds

    Alternative forms

    Etymology

    Kanji in this term
    元
    むとぅ
    Grade: 2
    kun’yomi
    Kanji in this term
    元
    むーとぅ
    Grade: 2
    kun’yomi

    From Proto-Ryukyuan *moto, from Proto-Japonic *mətə. Cognate with mainland Јапански 元 (moto).

    Noun

    元 (hiragana むとぅ, rōmaji mutu, alternative reading むーとぅ, rōmaji mūtu)

    1. cause, origin
    2. basis, foundation
    3. cost
    4. origin
    5. (finance) capital
    6. principal

    References

    • “ムトゥ” in Okinawa Center of Language Study, Shuri-Naha Dialect Dictionary (archived; reopens 2024).
    • “ムートゥ” in Okinawa Center of Language Study, Shuri-Naha Dialect Dictionary (archived; reopens 2024).

    Вијетнамски


    Han character

    1. source, origin, base
    2. a family name

    yuan.

    Изговор:

    пинјин: yuán  
    Аудио: (датотека)

    Радикал:

    儿 10.004

    Значења:

    "јуан(валута)

    члан примарни, први"

    Примери:

    1. 这种衬衫每件定价十元。
      1. Zhè zhǒng chènshān měi jiàn dìngjià shí yuán.
      2. Означена цена ових мајицa је десет јуана по комаду.

    Синоними:

    ...


    Хомофони:

    员, 园, 圆, 援, 原, 沅, 源

    Хомографи:

    ...

    ХСК ниво:

    1

    Асоцијације:

    ...

    Изведене речи:

    ...


    Сродни чланци са Википедије:

    元


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