頭

Такође погледајте: 头

頭 U+982D, 頭 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-982D ← 頬 [U+982C] ЦЈК јединствени идеограми 頮 → [U+982E]

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Han character

頭 (Kangxi radical 181, 頁+7, 16 strokes, cangjie input 一廿一月金 (MTMBC), четири-угла 1118₆, composition ⿰豆頁)

Derived characters

• 𭀆, 𫷒, 𢸸, 𤃌, 𨯲, 𡾣, 䕱, 𨷩

Related characters

• 头 (Simplified Chinese)

References

• KangXi: page 1404, карактер 20
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: карактер 43490
• Dae Jaweon: страна 1921, карактер 13
• Hanyu Da Zidian: том 7, страна 4372, карактер 5
• Unihan data за U+982D

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Кинески

трад.		頭
једн.		头
алтернативне форме		䫁 𥘖

Glyph origin

Историјски облици карактера 頭
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Знакови у истом фонетском низу (豆) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Стари Кинески
侸
剅
郖
鬪
鋀
頭
豆
逗
痘
梪
脰
荳
浢
餖
毭
豎
裋
短

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声 (xíngshēng)): phonetic 豆 + semantic 頁／页 (“head”).

Etymology

Replaced earlier 首 (“head”) due to homophony with 手 (“hand”) (Sagart, 1999).

Several etymologies have been proposed:

• From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *d-bu-s (“head”) or its allofam *du (“head”); compare Tibetan དབུ (dbu, “head”), Burmese ဦး (u:, “head”), Sichuan Yi ꀑ (o, “head”), (Benedict, 1972; Schuessler, 2007; STEDT; Starostin).
• From , whence Khmer ទូល (tuul); this is phonologically plausible since final consonants are often lost after a long vowel in loanwords (Schuessler, 2007).
• A variant of 豆 (“a kind of vessel”), as skulls could have been used as drinking recipients; compare Француски tête (“head”) from Латински testa (“pot; jug”) and Немачки Kopf (“head”) from Middle High German kopf (“drinking vessel”) (Maréchal, 1994; Sagart, 1999). However, Schuessler (2007) notes that 豆 seems like a tone C (去聲) derivation from 頭, which may have originally meant “skull”.
• Baxter and Sagart (2014) reconstructs the Old Chinese with a *m- prefix for human body parts, deriving it from 兜 (“helmet; hood”).

Pronunciation 1

• Мандарин

  (Стандард)

  (Пинјин): tóu (tou²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄊㄡˊ

  (Chengdu, SP): tou²

  (Dungan, Ћирилица and Wiktionary): ту (I)

• Кантонски

  (Guangzhou, Jyutping): tau⁴, tau^4-2

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): heu³, heu^3*

• Ган (Викиречник): teu²
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): thèu

  (Meixian, Guangdong): têu²

• Jin (Wiktionary): tou¹
• Min Bei (KCR): tê
• Min Dong (BUC): tàu
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): thâu / thô͘ / thiô

  (Teochew, Peng'im): tao⁵

• Wu (Wiktionary): deu (T3)
• Xiang (Wiktionary): dou²

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• Мандарин
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Пинјин: tóu
    • Zhuyin: ㄊㄡˊ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tour
    • Tongyong Pinyin: tóu
    • Wade–Giles: tʻou2
    • Sinological МФА ^(key): /tʰoʊ̯³⁵/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: tou²
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: tou
    • Sinological МФА ^(key): /tʰəu²¹/
  • (Dungan)
    • Ћирилица and Викиречник: ту (I)
    • Sinological МФА ^(key): /tʰʊ²⁴/

    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)

• Кантонски
  • (Стандард Кантонски, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: tau⁴, tau^4-2
    • Yale: tàuh, táu
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tau⁴, tau^4-2
    • Guangdong Romanization: teo⁴, teo²
    • Sinological МФА ^(key): /tʰɐu̯²¹/, /tʰɐu̯²¹⁻³⁵/

Нота: tau4-2 - “leader”.

• • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Викиречник: heu³, heu^3*
    • Sinological МФА ^(key): /heu²²/, /heu²²⁻²²⁵/

Нота: heu3* - “leader”.

• Gan
  • (Nanchang)
    • Wiktionary: teu²
    • Sinological МФА ^(key): /tʰɛu²⁴/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thèu
    • Hakka Romanization System: teuˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: teu²
    • IPA: /tʰe̯u¹¹/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: têu²
    • IPA: /tʰeu¹¹/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Викиречник: tou¹
    • Sinological МФА (old-style): /tʰxəu¹¹/
• Min Bei
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: tê
    • Sinological МФА ^(key): /tʰe³³/
• Min Dong
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: tàu
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰau⁵³/
• Мин Нан
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Taichung, Hsinchu, Lukang, Sanxia, Yilan, Kinmen, Magong, Penang, Singapore)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thâu
    • Tâi-lô: thâu
    • Phofsit Daibuun: taau
    • МФА (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Taipei, Tainan, Lukang, Yilan, Kinmen, Singapore): /tʰau²⁴/
    • МФА (Zhangzhou): /tʰau¹³/
    • МФА (Kaohsiung, Penang): /tʰau²³/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Yilan, Kinmen, Magong)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thô͘
    • Tâi-lô: thôo
    • Phofsit Daibuun: too
    • МФА (Xiamen, Yilan, Kinmen): /tʰɔ²⁴/
    • МФА (Zhangzhou): /tʰɔ¹³/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Lukang, Sanxia, Hsinchu)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thiô
    • Tâi-lô: thiô
    • Phofsit Daibuun: tiooi
    • МФА (Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Taipei, Lukang): /tʰio²⁴/
    • МФА (Kaohsiung): /tʰiɤ²³/
    • МФА (Tainan): /tʰiɤ²⁴/

Нота:

• thâu - vernacular;
• thô͘/thiô - literary.

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: tao⁵
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: thâu
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰau⁵⁵/

Wu

• (Shanghainese)
  • Wiktionary: deu (T3)
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /d̻ɜ²³/

Xiang

• (Changsha)
  • Wiktionary: dou²
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /təu¹³/

Definitions

頭

1. (anatomy) head (Класификатор: 個／个 m c)

   我頭不再痛了。／我头不再痛了。  ―  Wǒ tóu bùzài tòng le.  ―  My head doesn't hurt any more.

   • 居喪之禮，頭有創則沐，身有瘍則浴。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     居丧之礼，头有创则沐，身有疡则浴。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Book of Rites, circa 4^th – 2^nd century BCE

     Jūsāng zhī lǐ, tóu yǒu chuāng zé mù, shēn yǒu yáng zé yù. [Pinyin]

     According to the same rules, if he have a scab on his head, he should wash it; if he have a sore on his body, he should bathe it.

   • 我又要叫你和女人彼此為仇；你的後裔和女人的後裔也彼此為仇。女人的後裔要傷你的頭；你要傷他的腳跟。 [MSC, trad.]
     我又要叫你和女人彼此为仇；你的后裔和女人的后裔也彼此为仇。女人的后裔要伤你的头；你要伤他的脚跟。 [MSC, simp.]

     From: 新標點和合本／新标点和合本 (Chinese Union Version with New Punctuation), 創世記 (Genesis) 3:15

     Wǒ yòu yào jiào nǐ hé nǚrén bǐcǐ wéi chóu; nǐ de hòuyì hé nǚrén de hòuyì yě bǐcǐ wéi chóu. Nǚrén de hòuyì yào shāng nǐ de tóu; nǐ yào shāng tā de jiǎogēn. [Pinyin]

     And I will put enmity between thee and the woman, and between thy seed and her seed; it shall bruise thy head, and thou shalt bruise his heel.

2. hair; hairstyle

   洗頭／洗头  ―  xǐtóu  ―  to wash one's hair

   把頭剃光／把头剃光  ―  bǎ tóu tì guāng  ―  to shave one's head

3. beginning or end

   從頭開始／从头开始  ―  cóng tóu kāishǐ  ―  to start from the beginning

4. top; tip; end

   山頭／山头  ―  shāntóu  ―  top of a mountain

   火柴頭／火柴头  ―  huǒchái tóu  ―  tip of a match

5. chief; boss; leader Галицијски

   工頭／工头  ―  gōngtóu  ―  foreman

   你們的頭兒是誰？／你们的头儿是谁？  ―  Nǐmen de tóur shì shuí?  ―  Who is your leader?

6. remnant; end

   布頭兒／布头儿  ―  bùtóur  ―  oddment

   煙頭／烟头  ―  yāntóu  ―  cigarette bud

7. first; leading

   頭獎／头奖  ―  tóujiǎng  ―  first prize; biggest prize

   頭班車／头班车  ―  tóu bān chē  ―  first bus

8. (used before a classifier or a numeral) first

   頭一遍／头一遍  ―  tóu yī biàn  ―  the first time

   頭三天／头三天  ―  tóu sān tiān  ―  the first three days

   頭幾個／头几个  ―  tóu jǐge  ―  the first few

9. (Hakka, Min Nan, dated in Mainland China) station

   車頭／车头 [Min Nan]  ―  車-頭 [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]  ―  train station

10. side; aspect
11. Classifier for livestock. ⇒ all nouns using this classifier

    我有兩頭豬。／我有两头猪。  ―  Wǒ yǒu liǎng tóu zhū.  ―  I have two pigs.

12. (dialectal) Classifier for other animals.
13. (Min Bei) Classifier for flowers.

Synonyms

• Види 頭/изведени термини § Head (Chinese).

Pronunciation 2

• Мандарин

  (Стандард)

  (Пинјин): tou (tou⁵)

  (Zhuyin): ˙ㄊㄡ

  (Chengdu, SP): tou²

• Кантонски

  (Guangzhou, Jyutping): tau⁴, tau^4-2

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): heu³, heu⁴

• Ган (Викиречник): teu / teu²
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): thèu

  (Meixian, Guangdong): têu²

• Jin (Wiktionary): tou²
• Min Bei (KCR): tê
• Min Dong (BUC): tàu
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): thâu / thô͘ / thiô / thô

  (Teochew, Peng'im): tao⁵

• Wu (Wiktionary): deu (T3)
• Xiang (Wiktionary): dou

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• Мандарин
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Пинјин: tou
    • Zhuyin: ˙ㄊㄡ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: .tou
    • Tongyong Pinyin: to̊u
    • Wade–Giles: tʻou5
    • Sinological МФА ^(key): /tʰoʊ̯/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: tou²
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: tou
    • Sinological МФА ^(key): /tʰəu²¹/
• Кантонски
  • (Стандард Кантонски, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: tau⁴, tau^4-2
    • Yale: tàuh, táu
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tau⁴, tau^4-2
    • Guangdong Romanization: teo⁴, teo²
    • Sinological МФА ^(key): /tʰɐu̯²¹/, /tʰɐu̯²¹⁻³⁵/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Викиречник: heu³, heu⁴
    • Sinological МФА ^(key): /heu²²/, /heu²¹/
• Gan
  • (Nanchang)
    • Wiktionary: teu / teu²
    • Sinological МФА ^(key): /tʰɛu/, /tʰɛu²⁴/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thèu
    • Hakka Romanization System: teuˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: teu²
    • IPA: /tʰe̯u¹¹/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: têu²
    • IPA: /tʰeu¹¹/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Викиречник: tou²
    • Sinological МФА (old-style): /tʰxəu⁵³/
• Min Bei
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: tê
    • Sinological МФА ^(key): /tʰe³³/
• Min Dong
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: tàu
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰau⁵³/
• Мин Нан
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Taichung, Hsinchu, Lukang, Sanxia, Yilan, Kinmen, Magong, Penang, Singapore)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thâu
    • Tâi-lô: thâu
    • Phofsit Daibuun: taau
    • МФА (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei, Tainan, Lukang, Yilan, Kinmen, Singapore): /tʰau²⁴/
    • МФА (Zhangzhou): /tʰau¹³/
    • МФА (Kaohsiung, Penang): /tʰau²³/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Yilan, Kinmen, Magong)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thô͘
    • Tâi-lô: thôo
    • Phofsit Daibuun: too
    • МФА (Xiamen, Yilan, Kinmen): /tʰɔ²⁴/
    • МФА (Zhangzhou): /tʰɔ¹³/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Lukang, Sanxia, Hsinchu)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thiô
    • Tâi-lô: thiô
    • Phofsit Daibuun: tiooi
    • МФА (Quanzhou, Taipei, Lukang): /tʰio²⁴/
    • МФА (Kaohsiung): /tʰiɤ²³/
    • МФА (Tainan): /tʰiɤ²⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Taipei, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Lukang, Sanxia, Yilan, Taichung)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thô
    • Tâi-lô: thô
    • Phofsit Daibuun: tooi
    • МФА (Kaohsiung): /tʰɤ²³/
    • МФА (Taipei, Lukang, Yilan): /tʰo²⁴/
    • МФА (Tainan): /tʰɤ²⁴/

Нота:

• thâu - vernacular;
• thô͘/thiô - literary;
• thô - only used in 饅頭.

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: tao⁵
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: thâu
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰau⁵⁵/

Wu

• (Shanghainese)
  • Wiktionary: deu (T3)
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /d̻ɜ²³/

Xiang

• (Changsha)
  • Wiktionary: dou
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /təu/

Definitions

頭

1. Suffix that forms nouns.
   1. Added to a noun.

      罐頭／罐头  ―  guàntou  ―  can; tin

      石頭／石头  ―  shítou  ―  rock

   2. Added to a locative word.

      裡頭／里头  ―  lǐtou  ―  inside

      前頭／前头  ―  qiántou  ―  front

   3. Added to a verb to form an abstract noun.

      念頭／念头  ―  niàntou  ―  thought; idea

   4. Added to an adjective to form an abstract noun.

      甜頭／甜头  ―  tiántou  ―  sweet taste; benefit

Compounds

• Види 頭/изведени термини § Head (Chinese).

Descendants

• Види 頭/изведени термини § Head (Chinese).

References

• Multi-function Chinese Character Database (漢語多功能字庫)
• Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A04555

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Јапански

Kanji

1. head
2. counter for large animals

Compounds

• Види 頭/изведени термини § Kanji.

Etymology 1

Probably from . First cited in the ten-volume Wamyō Ruijushō of 934 CE.

Unknown derivation. Theories include:

• Compound of . This is problematic phonetically, as appears historically as ama or ame, not as just a
• Compound of , referring to the head as a moxibustion point. This is also problematic phonetically, as the shift from ate to ata necessitates a change in meaning of the underlying verb. This is also problematic semantically, as the term refers more specifically to a gap or space.
• Compound of , referring to the most important part of the body. However, the use of in this way is again problematic. Moreover, appears in The Tale of the Bamboo Cutter dating to the 900s CE, while 頭 (atama) with a sense of fontanelle appears in the Wamyō Ruijushō dated 938 CE, leaving insufficient time for either the semantic or phonetic drift required.

Historically, this term first appears with a sense of fontanelle, in reference to the soft place on the top of an infant's head where the bones of the skull have not yet fused. As such, a more likely derivation might be as a compound of .

Noun

1. head (body part)

2. the fontanelle part of the skull

Idioms

• Види 頭/изведени термини § Head (Japanese).

Further reading

• Etymology entry for at Gogen-Yurai Jiten (Etymology and Origin Dictionary; in Japanese): http://gogen-allguide.com/a/atama.html
• Etymology entry for at Key: Zatsugaku Jiten (Key: Dictionary of Miscellaneous Knowledge; in Japanese}: http://www.7key.jp/data/language/etymology/a/atama.html#etymology

Etymology 2

From . Found as a standalone noun in the Man'yōshū, completed some time after 759 CE, and as a counter in the Kojiki, dating to 712 CE.

Pronunciation

• The pitch accent for the counter depends on the preceding noun.

Counter

1. a head, as when counting people, or cattle or other livestock

Noun

1. the head as a whole
2. boss, leader
3. top part of a Chinese character
4. the head of a doll

Derived terms

• Види 頭/изведени термини § Head (Japanese).

Etymology 3

Cognate with and shift in meaning from , spelled in kanji as or .

Noun

1. head

Idioms

• Види 頭/изведени термини § Head (Japanese).

Etymology 4

Cognate with , from a general sense of lump.

Noun

1. head

Derived terms

• Види 頭/изведени термини § Head (Japanese).

Etymology 5

Cognate with , , , .

Some sources derive this as a shift from . However, the phonology and semantics for this do not fit (changing /a/ to /i/, and repurposing the adjectivizing suffix to instead form a noun). The modern verb tsubureru had the form tsuburu in older stages of the language. The tsuburi reading for 頭 may more likely represent a nominalization derived from this older verb, following normal patterns for creating nouns from verbs.

Compare .

Noun

1. head

Etymology 6

From tsuburi above. Bilabial plosive /b/ becomes bilabial nasal /m/.

Noun

1. head
2. hair of the head

Etymology 7

Shortened from tsumuri above.

Noun

1. head

Derived terms

• Види 頭/изведени термини § Head (Japanese).

Etymology 8

/kamipe/ → /kampe/ → /kaube/ → /kɔːbe/ → /koːbe/

Compound of either or (likely cognates) with the suffix .

Alternatively, may be an alteration from + .

Noun

1. head

Derived terms

• Види 頭/изведени термини § Head (Japanese).

Etymology 9

Contraction of .

Noun

1. head

Usage notes

Often spelled in hiragana, as .

Etymology 10

/du/ → /d͡zu/ → /zu/

From 頭. The goon reading, so likely an earlier borrowing.

Noun

1. head

Usage notes

This reading is more often found in compounds, such as .

Idioms

• Види 頭/изведени термини § Head (Japanese).

Etymology 11

From 頭. The kan'on reading, so likely a later borrowing. The shift from initial /d/ to voiceless /t/ is due to influence or reborrowing from a later stage of the Chinese language. Compare modern Mandarin reading tóu, Cantonese tau⁴, Min Nan tao⁵.

Counter

1. counter for certain relatively large animals, or for livestock animals; "head"

2. counter for insects (used only in biology)

See also

Japanese number-counter combinations for
1	2	3	4	5
6	7	8	9	10
100	1,000	10,000	How many?

Noun

1. head

Derived terms

• Види 頭/изведени термини § Head (Japanese).

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Корејски

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 頭.

Historical readings
Recorded as Middle Korean 뚜ᇢ (Yale: ttwuw) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448. Recorded as Middle Korean 두 (twu) (Yale: twu) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [tu]
• Phonetic hangul: [두]

Hanja

Wikisource

1. Hanja form^? of 두 (“head”).

Compounds

• Види 頭/изведени термини § Hanja.

References

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [1]

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Northern Amami-Oshima

Etymology

Cognate with mainland , dialectal , itself probably a compound of + .

Noun

1. head

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Oki-No-Erabu

Etymology

Cognate with mainland , dialectal , itself probably a compound of + .

Noun

1. head
2. an intelligent person

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Okinawan

Etymology

Cognate with , dialectal , itself probably a compound of + .

Noun

1. head
2. an intelligent person

Derived terms

Изведени термини

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Southern Amami-Oshima

Etymology

Cognate with , dialectal , itself probably a compound of + .

Noun

1. head

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Вијетнамски

Han character

1. Овај израз захтева дефиницију. Молим вас помозите и додајте превод, затим уклоните текст {{rfdef}}.

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Yaeyama

Etymology

Cognate with , dialectal , itself probably a compound of + .

Noun

1. head

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Yoron

Etymology

Cognate with , dialectal , itself probably a compound of + .

Noun

1. head
2. an intelligent person

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頭 (кинески)

Објашњење.

Изговор:

пинјин: tóu  

Аудио:

(датотека)

Шаблон:zh-cir

Радикал:

頁 181

Значења:

...

Примери:

„Откривење, глава 13”

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1. 12 他在頭一個獸面前、施行頭一個獸所有的權柄．並且叫地和住在地上的人、拜那死傷醫好的頭一個獸。
   1. 12 Tā zài tóu yīgè shòu miànqián, shīxíng tou yīgè shòu suǒyǒu de quánbǐng. Bìngqiě jiào de hé zhù zài dìshàng de rén, bài nà sǐshāng yī hǎo de tóu yīgè shòu.
      1. 12. И сву власт прве звери чињаше пред њом; и учини да земља и који живе на њој поклони се првој звери којој се исцели рана смртна.
         1. Откр. 17:8
            1. 11 13

Синоними:

...

Хомофони:

...

Серија:

1. 系列#0381（豆）：
   • • 豆｜侸｜哣｜饾｜餖｜浢｜梪｜脰｜短｜裋｜鋀｜剅｜郖｜豉｜毭｜頭｜壴｜荳｜豈｜壹｜登｜豊｜豋｜豎｜痘｜逗｜
     • 覻

Хомографи:

...

ХСК ниво:

...

Асоцијације:

...

Изведене речи:

...

Сродни чланци са Википедије:

頭

Преводи

Енглески: [1] head ☞en Француски: Немачки: Италијански: Шпански: Португалски:

Арапски: Руски: Српски: [1] глава ☞sr Грчки: Бугарски: Шведски: [1] huvud ☞sv

Референце

• [archchinese.com [2]]
• [Biblija [3]]
• [wordproject.org [4]]