heaven

Такође погледајте: Heaven

Енглески

Alternative forms

• heav'n (poetic)

Етимологија

From a wide variety of Средњи Енглески forms including hevene, heven, hevin, and hewin (“heaven, sky”), from , heofone (“heaven, sky”), from , of uncertain origin.

Cognate with Шкотски heiven, hewin (“heaven, sky”), Middle Dutch heven (“sky, heaven”), Low German Heven (“heaven, sky”), Middle High German heben (“sky, heaven”), and possibly the rare Icelandic and Old Norse hifinn (“heaven, sky”), which are all probably dissimilated forms of the Germanic root which appears in Old Norse himinn (“heaven, sky”), Готски 𐌷𐌹𐌼𐌹𐌽𐍃 (himins, “heaven, sky”), Old Swedish himin, Old Danish himæn and probably also (in another variant form) Old Saxon himil, Old Dutch himil (modern Холандски hemel), and Old High German himil (Немачки Himmel).

Accepting these as cognates, some scholars propose a further derivation from .

Изговор

• IPA^(кључ): /ˈhɛvən/

• Audio (RP):

  (file)

• Audio (GA):

  (file)

• Хифенација: heav‧en
• Риме: -ɛvən

Именица

heaven (countable and uncountable, plural heavens)

1. The sky, specifically:
   1. (dated or poetic, now usually in the plural) The distant sky in which the sun, moon, and stars appear or move; the firmament; the celestial spheres.
      • 1535, Coverdale Bible, Ecclesiastes 3:1:

        All that is vnder the heauen.

      • Шаблон:RQ:Shakespeare Comedy of Errors
      • 1625, Nathanæl Carpenter, chapter 4, in Geography delineated forth in two bookes, volume I, page 77:

        The Heauens...are carried in 24 houres from East to West.

      • Шаблон:RQ:Stanley History of Philosophy
      • 2006, Peter Carroll translating a maxim of the Southern Song dynasty in Between Heaven and Modernity: Reconstructing Suzhou, 1895–1937:

        Above is Heaven, Below are Suzhou and Hangzhou

   2. (obsolete) The near sky in which weather, flying animals, etc. appear; (obsolete) the atmosphere; the climate.

      • Шаблон:RQ:Shakespeare Merchant of Venice

   3. (obsolete) A model displaying the movement of the celestial bodies, an orrery.

2. (religion) The abode of God or the gods, traditionally conceived as beyond the sky; especially:
   1. (Christianity, usually capitalized) The abode of God and of the angels and saints in His presence.
      • 1560, Geneva Bible, Revelation 12:7–8:

        And there was a battel in heauen. Michael & his Angels foght againſt the dragon, and the dragon foght & his Angels. But they preuailed not, nether was their place founde anie more in heauen.

      • Шаблон:RQ:Milton Paradise Lost

   2. (religion, by extension, often capitalized) The abode of the Abrahamic God; similar abodes of the gods in other religions and traditions, such as Mount Olympus.
      • Шаблон:RQ:Shakespeare Titus Andronicus
      • 1649, Alexander Ross translating the Sieur Du Ryer, The Alcoran Of Mahomet, Translated out of the Arabique into French... newly Englished, 406:

        As he [Muhammad] was returning, in the fourth Heaven, Moses advised him to goe back to God.

   3. (by extension, usually capitalized) Providence, the will of God or the council of the gods; fate.
      • Шаблон:RQ:Shakespeare All's Well
      • Шаблон:RQ:KJV
      • Шаблон:RQ:Milton Paradise Lost

3. (religion) The afterlife of the blessed dead, traditionally conceived as opposed to an afterlife of the wicked and unjust (compare hell); specifically:
   • 1925 July 1, Ernest Hemingway, letter to F. Scott Fitzgerald:

     I wonder what your idea of heaven would be—A beautiful vacuum filled with wealthy monogamists, all powerful and members of the best families drinking themselves to death. And hell would probably be an ugly vacuum full of poor polygamists unable to obtain booze... To me heaven would be a big bull ring with me holding two barrera seats and a trout stream outside that no one else was allowed to fish in and two lovely houses in the town; one where I would have my wife and children and be monogamous and love them truly and well and the other where I would have my nine beautiful mistresses on 9 different floors...

   1. (Christianity, Islam) Paradise, the afterlife of the souls who are not sent to a place of punishment or purification such as hell, purgatory, or limbo; the state or condition of being in the presence of God after death.

      • Шаблон:RQ:Shakespeare Richard 2
      • Шаблон:RQ:KJV
   2. (religion, by extension, often capitalized) The afterlife of the blessed dead in other religions and traditions, such as the Pure Land or Elysium.

4. (by extension) Any paradise; any blissful place or experience.
   • Шаблон:RQ:Shakespeare Midsummer
   • 1660 November 14, a speech in the House of Commons in W. Cobbett, Parl. Hist. (1808), IV 145:

     England, that was formerly the heaven, would be now the hell for women.

   • Шаблон:RQ:Milton Paradise Lost
   • 1782, F. Burney, Cecilia, I iii iv 51:

     Such a shop as that...would be quite a heaven upon earth to me.

   • 2002, Summersill Elementary School, Time Travel, iUniverse, →ISBN, page 16:

     While eating my snack I decided to walk around the house and I saw the hallways change into beautiful valleys and oceans. The television screen appeared on the wall. It was so beautiful that I thought I was in heaven.

5. (by extension) A state of bliss; a peaceful ecstasy.
   • 1550, J. Heywood, Dialogue Prov. Eng. Tongue, II vii:

     Husbandes are in heauen...whose wiues scold not.

   • 2000, Veronica Brooks, It Could Lead to Dancing, iUniverse, →ISBN, page 18:

     He would just stare at me and say, “You are beautiful, you are so beautiful.” I was in heaven hearing this.

   • 2007, Jackie Collins, Drop Dead Beautiful: A Novel, St. Martin's Publishing Group, →ISBN, page 452:

     She was in heaven — she'd never seen so many stars gathered in one place. She already had her eye on Charlie Dollar. Oh yes, Charlie Dollar might be ancient, but he was still raging hot in a Jack Nicholson kind of way.

   • 2008, Robert Scott, Driven To Murder, Pinnacle Books, →ISBN, page 163:

     “Because she was modest and beautiful and he thought he was in heaven when she was around?” “Yes, that's what he said.”

   • 2014, Joe Satriani, Jake Brown, Strange Beautiful Music: A Musical Memoir, BenBella Books, →ISBN, page 8:

     I'd turn it up to 10 and it sounded all distorted and I remember feeling like I was in heaven!

6. (informal, with a modifier) Similarly blissful afterlives, places, or states for particular people, animals, or objects.

Usage notes

Frequently capitalized as 'Heaven' in all senses when regarded as a proper name.

When used as a synonym for the impersonal sky, the word has typically been plural ("heavens" or "the heavens") since the 17th century, except in poetry.

Synonyms

• (sky): firmament, sky; welkin
• (paradise): paradise, kingdom come, Xanadu
• (entrance to heaven): pearly gates
• (blissful place or experience): delight, dream, paradise

Antonyms

• (antonym(s) of “paradise”): hell
• (antonym(s) of “blissful place or experience”): horror, nightmare

Hyponyms

• cat heaven
• doggy heaven
• dog heaven
• hog heaven
• kitty heaven

 

Derived terms

• as high as heaven
• before heaven
• breath of heaven
• by heaven
• cope of heaven
• die and go to heaven
• eye of heaven
• Father of Heaven
• for heaven's sake
• God in heaven
• happy birthday in heaven
• heaven-born
• heaven-bound
• heaven-bow
• heaven-bridge
• heaven-burster
• heaven forbid
• heaven forfend
• heavenful
• heaven-gazer
• heaven god
• heaven helps those that help themselves
• heaven helps those who help themselves
• heaven-high
• heavenhood
• heavenise, heavenize
• heaven knows, heaven only knows
• heavenless
• heavenlike
• heavenly
• heaveno
• heaven of heaven
• heaven of heavens
• heaven on a stick
• heaven on earth
• heaven-plant
• heavens
• heaven-sent
• heaven spot
• heaven tree
• heavenward
• heavenwards
• heaven-wide
• heaven worship
• hog heaven
• in heaven's name
• in the name of heaven
• Kingdom of Heaven
• knocking on heaven's door
• Mandate of Heaven
• manna from heaven
• match made in heaven
• midheaven
• move heaven and earth
• nigger heaven
• pennies from heaven
• rose of heaven
• seven minutes in heaven
• seventh heaven
• Son of Heaven
• stink to high heaven
• Temple of Heaven
• thank heaven
• Third Heaven
• to high heaven
• tree of heaven
• under heaven
• vault of heaven

 

Related terms

• heavenish
• heavenric

Translations

sky

• Albanian: qiell (sq), pjetë (poetic)
• Amharic: ሰማይ (sämay)
• Arabic: سَمَاء f (samāʾ) (سَمَاوَات pl (samāwāt)), فَلَك (ar) f (falak) (أَفْلَاك pl (ʾaflāk))
• Aramaic:

  Classical Syriac: ܫܡܝܐ c (šəmayyā)

  Jewish Babylonian Aramaic: שְׁמַיָּא c (šəmayyā)

• Armenian: երկինք (hy) (erkinkʿ)
• Asturian: cielu (ast) m
• Bashkir: күк (kük)
• Bengali: আকাশ (bn) (akaś), আসমান (bn) (asman), স্বর্গ (bn) (śôrg)
• Bulgarian: небе́ (bg) n (nebé)
• Burmese: ကောင်းကင် (my) (kaung:kang)
• Catalan: cel (ca)
• Cebuano: langit
• Chechen: стигал (stigal)
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 天空 (zh) (tiānkōng)

• Czech: nebe (cs) n, obloha (cs) f
• Dalmatian: cil m
• Danish: himmel (da) c
• Dutch: hemel (nl) m, lucht (nl) f, firmament (nl) n, uitspansel (nl) n
• Esperanto: ĉielo (eo)
• Estonian: taevas (et)
• Finnish: taivas (fi)
• French: ciel (fr) m
• Friulian: cîl m, paradîs m
• Galician: ceo (gl) m
• Georgian: ზეცა (zeca)
• German: Himmel (de) m, Firmament (de) n
• Gothic: 𐌷𐌹𐌼𐌹𐌽𐍃 (himins)
• Greek: ουρανός (el) m (ouranós), ουράνια (el) n pl (ouránia)

  Ancient: οὐρανός m (ouranós)

• Hawaiian: lani
• Hebrew: שָׁמַיִם (he) m pl (shamáyim)
• Higaonon: langit
• Hindi: आकाश (hi) m (ākāś)
• Hungarian: ég (hu), égbolt (hu), mennybolt (hu)
• Ido: cielo (io)
• Indonesian: langit (id)
• Ingrian: taivas
• Interlingua: celo
• Italian: cielo (it) m
• Japanese: 空 (ja) (そら, sora), 天 (ja) (てん, ten)
• Kashubian: niebò n
• Kazakh: аспан (kk) (aspan)
• Korean: 하늘 (ko) (haneul)
• Kurdish:

  Central Kurdish: ئاسمان (ckb) (asman)

  Northern Kurdish: ezman (ku), asîman (ku)

• Latin: caelum (la) n
• Latvian: debesis (lv) f pl
• Lingala: likoló class 5
• Lithuanian: dangus (lt) m
• Low German:

  German Low German: Heven (nds) m

• Macedonian: небо n (nebo)
• Malagasy: lanitra (mg)
• Maltese: ġenna f
• Manchu: ᠠᠪᡴᠠ
• Maori: rangi (mi)
• Massachusett: kesuck, kéesuck
• Middle English: hevene, welken
• Mongolian:

  Cyrillic: тэнгэр (mn) (tenger)

• Navajo: wótʼááh
• Norn: Chimeri
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: himmel (no) m, sky (no) m or f

  Bokmål: himmel m, sky f

• Occitan: cèl (oc) m
• Ojibwe: giizhig, giizhigoon pl
• Old Portuguese: ceo
• Old Turkic: 𐱅𐰭𐰼𐰃 (t²ŋr²i /⁠teŋri⁠/)
• Pashto: هسک (ps) m (hask)
• Persian: آسمان (fa) (âsmân), سپهر (fa) (sepehr), گرزمان (fa) (garozmân) (archaic, poetic)
• Plautdietsch: Himmel m
• Polabian: nebü n
• Polish: niebo (pl) n
• Portuguese: céu (pt) m
• Romanian: cer (ro) n
• Russian: не́бо (ru) n (nébo), небеса́ (ru) n pl (nebesá)
• Saterland Frisian: Heemel
• Scottish Gaelic: speur m
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: не̏бо n, небеса n pl

  Roman: nȅbo (sh) n, nebesa (sh) n pl

• Slovak: nebo n
• Slovene: nebo (sl) n, nébes m (archaic)
• Sorbian:

  Lower Sorbian: njebjo n

  Upper Sorbian: njebjo n

• Spanish: cielo (es) m, firmamento (es) m
• Swabian: Hemmel
• Swahili: mbingu (sw)
• Swedish: himmel (sv) c, sky (sv) c
• Tagalog: langit (tl), kalangitan
• Thai: ฟ้า (th) (fáa)
• Tigrinya: ሰማይ (sämay)
• Turkish: gökyüzü (tr), gök (tr)
• Ugaritic: 𐎌𐎎𐎎 (šmm)
• Ukrainian: не́бо (uk) n (nébo)
• Urdu: آکاش (ur) m (ākāś), آسمان (ur) m (āsmān), گگن m
• Vietnamese: trời (vi)
• Welsh: wybr f
• West Frisian: himel (fy)
• Yiddish: הימל m (himl), שמים (shomayem)
• Yucatec Maya: kaʼan
• Zazaki: azmin (diq) c, sema (diq) f, gırazmin, sapar f
• Zulu: izulu (zu) class 5

paradise and upper-world

• Abenaki: spemki
• Afrikaans: hemel
• Ainu: リクンモシㇼ (rikunmosir)
• Alabama: abahli iisa
• Amharic: ገነት (gänät)
• Arabic: سَمَاء f (samāʾ) (سَمَاوَات pl (samāwāt)) جَنَّة (ar) f (janna) فِرْدَوْس (ar) m or f (firdaws)

  Egyptian Arabic: الجنة f (el-ganna)

  Hijazi: جنة (janna)

• Aramaic:

  Classical Syriac: ܦܪܕܝܣܐ m (pardaysā)

• Armenian: դրախտ (hy) (draxt)
• Assamese: স্বৰ্গ (sorgo), বেহেস্ত (behesto), সৰগ (xorog)
• Asturian: paraísu m
• Azerbaijani: cənnət (az)
• Baluchi: جنت (jannat)
• Bashkir: ожмах (ožmax), йәннәт (yännät)
• Bengali: স্বর্গ (bn) (śôrg), জান্নাত (bn) (jannat), বেহেশ্ত (beheśt), ফেরদৌস (bn) (pherôdouś)
• Bulgarian: рай (bg) m (raj)
• Burmese: ကောင်းကင်ဘုံ (my) (kaung:kangbhum), လောကနိဗ္ဗာန် (my) (lau:ka.nibban)
• Catawba: hímbare
• Cebuano: langit
• Central Dusun: surga
• Chechen: ялсамани (jalsamani)
• Cheyenne: séano
• Chickasaw: Aba' Yaakni'
• Chinese:

  Cantonese: 天堂 (tin¹ tong⁴)

  Mandarin: 天國／天国 (zh) (tiānguó), 天堂 (zh) (tiāntáng), 樂園／乐园 (zh) (lèyuán)

• Czech: ráj (cs) m
• Danish: himmel (da) c
• Dutch: hemel (nl) m, paradijs (nl) n, hof van Eden n, tuin der lusten m
• Esperanto: ĉielo (eo)
• Estonian: taevas (et), paradiis (et)
• Faroese: himmiríki
• Finnish: taivas (fi), paratiisi (fi)
• French: ciel (fr) m, paradis (fr) m, au-delà (fr), cieux (fr) m pl
• Friulian: cîl m
• Galician: paraíso (gl) m
• Georgian: სამოთხე (samotxe)
• German: Paradies (de) n, Himmel (de) m
• Gothic: 𐌷𐌹𐌼𐌹𐌽𐍃 m (himins)
• Greek: παράδεισος (el) m (parádeisos), ουράνια (el) n pl (ouránia)

  Ancient: οὐρανός m (ouranós)

• Guinea-Bissau Creole: gloria
• Gujarati: સ્વર્ગ n (svarg), જન્નત n (jannat) (Islam), વહિશ્ત n (vahiśt) (Zoroastrianism), ફિરદોસ f (phirdos) (Islam)
• Haitian Creole: syèl
• Hebrew: פרדיסא m (pardaysā’), גַּן עֵדֶן (he) f (gan éden)
• Hindi: स्वर्ग (hi) m (svarg), जन्नत (hi) f (jannat) (Persianized contexts), फ़िरदौस m (firdaus), वैकुंठ (hi) m (vaikuṇṭh)
• Hungarian: mennyország (hu), menny (hu), ég (hu)
• Indonesian: surga (id)
• Ingrian: raaju
• Interlingua: celo, paradiso
• Irish: neamh f, flaitheas m, flaithis m pl
• Italian: cielo (it) m, paradiso (it) m
• Japanese: 天国 (ja) (てんごく, tengoku), 天堂 (ja) (てんどう, tendō), 楽園 (ja) (らくえん, rakuen)
• Kashubian: niebò n
• Kazakh: ұжмақ (ūjmaq), жұмақ (jūmaq), бейіш (beiış), пейіш (peiış), жәннат (jännat)
• Korean: 하늘 (ko) (haneul), 하늘나라 (ko) (haneullara), 천국(天國) (ko) (cheon'guk), 천당(天堂) (ko) (cheondang), 낙원(樂園) (ko) (nagwon), 락원(樂園) (ko) (ragwon) (North Korea)
• Kurdish:

  Central Kurdish: بەھەشت (beheşt)

  Northern Kurdish: cenet (ku)

• Kyrgyz: бейиш (ky) (beyiş)
• Ladino:

  Hebrew: גן עדן m (gan eden)

  Latin: Gan Eden m

• Latin: caelum (la) n
• Latvian: debesis (lv) f pl
• Lithuanian: dangus (lt) m, rojus (lt) m
• Low German:

  German Low German: Himmel m

• Luxembourgish: Himmel, Paradäis m or n
• Macedonian: рај (mk) m pl (raj)
• Malay: syurga (ms), kayangan (ms), jannah, jannat, loka (ms), loga, sorga, adan (ms)
• Manchu: ᠠᠪᡴᠠᡳ
  ᡤᡠᡵᡠᠨ
• Maore Comorian: pev̄o class 9
• Maori: rangi (mi)
• Marathi: स्वर्ग n (svarga), वैकुंठ n (vaikuṇṭha)
• Middle English: hevene
• Mongolian: ᠳ᠋ᠢᠸᠠᠵᠠᠨ (diwaǰan)

  Cyrillic: диваажин (mn) (divaažin)

• Navajo: yáʼąąsh
• Ngarrindjeri: Wyerriewarr
• Ngazidja Comorian: mbingu
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: himmel (no) m, paradis n, paradis n pl, paradiser n pl

  Nynorsk: himmel m, paradis n, paradis n pl

• Odia: ସ୍ୱର୍ଗ (swôrgô)
• Old Occitan: cel
• Ottoman Turkish: جنت (cennet), اوچماق (uçmak), فردوس (firdevs)
• Pashto: جنت (ps) m (janat), هسک (ps) m (hask)
• Persian: بهشت (fa) (behešt), جنت (fa) (jannat), مینو (fa) (minu)
• Plautdietsch: Himmel m
• Polabian: nebü n
• Polish: niebo (pl) n, raj (pl) m
• Portuguese: céu (pt) m, Paraíso (pt) m
• Romani: rajo m
• Romanian: rai (ro) n, paradis (ro) n
• Russian: небеса́ (ru) n pl (nebesá), рай (ru) m (raj)
• Sanskrit: स्वर्ग (sa) m (svarga), स्वर्गलोक (sa) m (svargaloka)
• Scots: heiven, the guid place
• Scottish Gaelic: nèamh m
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: ра̑ј f

  Roman: rȃj (sh) f

• Slovak: nebo n
• Slovene: nebesa (sl) n pl
• Sorbian:

  Lower Sorbian: njebjo n

  Upper Sorbian: njebjo n

• Spanish: cielo (es) m, paraíso (es) m
• Swabian: Hemmel
• Swedish: himmel (sv) c, paradis (sv) n, himmelrike (sv) n
• Tagalog: paraiso (tl), langit (tl), kalangitan
• Tamil: சொர்க்கம் (ta) (corkkam)
• Tatar: жәннәт (jännät)
• Telugu: స్వర్గం (te) (svargaṃ)
• Thai: สวรรค์ (th)
• Turkish: cennet (tr)
• Turkmen: jennet (tk), uçma
• Ukrainian: рай (uk) m (raj), небеса́ n pl (nebesá)
• Urdu: جَنَّت f (jannat), فِرْدَوس m (firdaus), بِہِشْت m (bihiśt)
• Uyghur: جەننەت (jennet)
• Uzbek: jannat (uz), firdavs (uz)
• Vietnamese: thiên đường (vi) (天堂), thiên đàng (vi)
• Welsh: nef (cy) f
• West Frisian: himel (fy) c
• Yiddish: הימל m (himl), שמים (shomayem), גן־עדן m or n (ganeydn)
• Yucatec Maya: ka'an
• Zazaki: cenet (diq), behestan c

blissful place or experience

• Arabic: جَنَّة (ar) f (janna) فِرْدَوْس (ar) m or f (firdaws)
• Bashkir: ожмах (ožmax), йәннәт (yännät)
• Danish: himmel (da) c
• Finnish: taivas (fi)
• French: paradis (fr) m
• Greek: παράδεισος (el) m (parádeisos)
• Kurdish:

  Central Kurdish: بەھەشت (beheşt)

• Middle English: hevene
• Persian: بهشت (fa) (behešt)
• Turkish: cennet (tr)

Verb

heaven (third-person singular simple present heavens, present participle heavening, simple past and past participle heavened)

1. (obsolete) To transport to the abode of God, the gods, or the blessed.

2. (obsolete) To beatify, enchant, or please greatly.

3. (obsolete) To beautify, to make into a paradise.

Anagrams

• Nevaeh ^{(alphagram aeehnv)}

Middle English

Noun

heaven

1. (Late Middle English) Шаблон:rare form of