相

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相 U+76F8, 相
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-76F8
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[U+76F7] 		ЦЈК јединствени идеограми 盹 →
[U+76F9]

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Редослед писања
9 потеза

Han character

相 (Kangxi radical 109, 目+4, 9 strokes, cangjie input 木月山 (DBU), четири-угла 46900, composition ⿰木目)

Derived characters

References

  • KangXi: page 800, карактер 18
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: карактер 23151
  • Dae Jaweon: страна 1216, карактер 8
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: том 4, страна 2470, карактер 13
  • Unihan data за U+76F8

Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg Кинески


simp. and trad.
 相

Glyph origin

Знакови у истом фонетском низу (相) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Стари Кинески
相
廂
湘
緗
箱
葙
想
霜 *sraŋ
孀
鸘 *sraŋ
驦 *sraŋ

Ideogrammic compound (會意): 木 (“tree”) + 目 (“eye”) – looking at, or watching the tree.

Etymology

An allofam is 胥 (“each other; mutually; all; to observe; to assist”) (Gong, 1995; Schuessler, 2007).

Derivative: 想 (“to think”) (“appearance > to visualise > to think”).

Pronunciation 1

Нота:
  • siong/siang - literary;
  • saⁿ/sio/sa - vernacular;
  • siuⁿ/sioⁿ - vernacular (limited, e.g. 相思).
Нота:
  • siang1 - literary;
  • sio1/siê1 - vernacular (siê1 - Chaozhou).
  • Wu
    • Rime
    Character 相
    Reading # 1/2
    Initial (聲) 心 (16)
    Final (韻) 陽 (105)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 息良切
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/sɨɐŋ/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/siɐŋ/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/siɑŋ/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/sɨaŋ/
    Li
    Rong         		/siaŋ/
    Wang
    Li         		/sĭaŋ/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/si̯aŋ/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		xiāng
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		soeng1
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 相
    Reading # 1/2
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		xiāng
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ sjang ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*[s]aŋ/
    English mutually

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

    Definitions

    相

    1. to see for oneself; to evaluate by seeing for oneself
      相女婿  ―  xiāng nǚxù  ―  assess the suitability of a prospective son-in-law or husband
    2. mutually; reciprocally; towards each other; one another
      相望  ―  xiāngwàng  ―  to look at each other
      相逢  ―  xiāngféng  ―  to meet by chance
    3. together; jointly
    4. successively; one after another
    5. towards; to
    6. A презиме​..

    Compounds

    Изведени термини од 相

    Pronunciation 2

    Нота:
    • soeng3-2 - “photo; picture”.
    Нота:
    • lhiang1* - “photo; picture”.
  • Gan
  • Hakka
  • Jin
  • Min Bei
  • Min Dong
  • Мин Нан
    • Нота:
    • siòng/siàng - literary;
    • siùⁿ/siòⁿ/siàuⁿ - vernacular.
    Нота:
    • siang3 - literary;
    • sion3/siên3 - vernacular (siên3 - Chaozhou).
  • Wu
    • Rime
    Character 相
    Reading # 2/2
    Initial (聲) 心 (16)
    Final (韻) 陽 (105)
    Tone (調) Departing (H)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 息亮切
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/sɨɐŋH/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/siɐŋH/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/siɑŋH/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/sɨaŋH/
    Li
    Rong         		/siaŋH/
    Wang
    Li         		/sĭaŋH/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/si̯aŋH/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		xiàng
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		soeng3
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 相
    Reading # 2/2
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		xiàng
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ sjangH ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*[s]aŋ-s/
    English appearance, quality

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

    Definitions

    相

    1. to look at; to examine the appearance and judge; to observe
    2. looks; appearance; features
      長相 / 长相  ―  zhǎngxiàng  ―  facial features
    3. posture; bearing
      站相  ―  zhànxiàng  ―  standing posture
    4. demeanour; manners
      吃相  ―  chīxiàng  ―  table manners
    5. photo; picture; photograph (Класификатор: 張／张 c; 幅 c)
      影幾張相 / 影几张相 [Cantonese]  ―  jing2 gei2 zoeng1 soeng3-2 [Jyutping]  ―  to take a few pictures
    6. phase; exterior; stage; period
    7. (physics) phase
      相空間 / 相空间  ―  xiàngkōngjiān  ―  phase space
      相位  ―  xiàngwèi  ―  phase
      月相  ―  yuèxiàng  ―  lunar phase
    8. (geology) facies
    9. to physiognomise; to practise physiognomy; to tell fortune by reading the subject's facial features
    10. physiognomy; practice of physiognomy
    11. to choose; to pick
    12. to assist; to help; to oversee
    13. (Chinese mythology) Xiang of Xia Галицијски
    14. (historical) Chancellor of State
    15. (Chinese chess) minister (on the red side)
    16. (historical) master of ceremonies
    17. (historical) attendant
    18. to administer; to govern
    19. to teach; to instruct
    20. a person who guides or leads a blind person
      • Lua грешка in Модул:zh-usex at line 103: variety CL-TW not recognized..
    21. A презиме​..
    Synonyms
    Coordinate terms

    Compounds

    Изведени термини од 相

    References

    Flag of Japan.svg Јапански


    Kanji

    相

    (grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    1. mutual, reciprocal, with one another
    2. appearance, look

    Readings

    Compounds

    Compounds

    Etymology 1

    Kanji за овај терм
    相
    あい
    Степен: 3
    kun’yomi
    За изговор и дефиниције од 相 – види あい.
    (Овај појам, 相, је an alternative spelling of the above terms.)

    (Следећи унос је нестворен: あい.)

    Etymology 2

    Kanji за овај терм
    相
    こもごも
    Степен: 3
    kun’yomi
    За изговор и дефиниције од 相 – види こもごも.
    (Овај појам, 相, је an alternative spelling of the above terms.)

    (Следећи унос је нестворен: こもごも.)

    Etymology 3

    Kanji за овај терм
    相
    さが
    Степен: 3
    kun’yomi

    From Стари Јапански.

    Pronunciation

    Alternative forms

    Noun

    相(さが) (saga) 

    1. nature, personality
    2. fate, destiny
    3. a habit, custom, or practice
    4. the good and bad of a person; especially, one's faults
    Synonyms

    Etymology 4

    Kanji за овај терм
    相
    しょう
    Степен: 3
    kan’on

    From Средњи Кинески 相 (“together, with”), from the way that a minister would always be with their lord. Kan'on, so likely a later borrowing than the sō reading.

    Pronunciation

    Suffix

    相(しょう) (-shō) ←しゃう (syau)?

    1. minister of state
      首(しゅ)相(しょう)
      shushō
      prime minister
      内(ない)相(しょう)
      naishō
      minister of the interior
    Synonyms

    Etymology 5

    Kanji за овај терм
    相
    そう
    Степен: 3
    goon

    From Средњи Кинески. Goon, so likely an earlier borrowing than the shō reading.

    Pronunciation

    Noun

    相(そう) (sō) ←さう (sau)?

    1. appearance, how something looks
    2. an aspect of something
      大(だい)自(し)然(ぜん)の色々(いろいろ)な相(そう)
      daishizen no iroiro na sō
      various aspects of nature
    3. (grammar) grammatical aspect
    4. (physics) a phase, as of matter
    5. (ikebana) the central supporting branch of an ikebana arrangement
    Related terms

    References

    1. ↑ 1,0 1,1 1,2 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
    2. ↑ 2,0 2,1 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

    Корејски


    Etymology 1

    From Средњи Кинески 相 (MC sɨɐŋ, “mutual; together”).

    Historical Readings
    Dongguk Jeongun Reading
    Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 Recorded as Middle Korean 샤ᇰ (Yale: syàng) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.
    Middle Korean
    Text Eumhun
    Gloss (hun) Reading
    Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[2] 서르 샤ᇰ[2] Recorded as Middle Korean 샤ᇰ (Yale: syàng) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.[1]
    Early Modern Korean
    Text Final (韻) Reading
    Samun Seonghwi, 1751 서ᄅᆞ 샹 Шаблон:hanja-juhae
    1. ↑ Identical eumhun in Gwangju Cheonjamun and Sinjeung Yuhap.
    2. ↑ 本平聲 [Level tone]

    Pronunciation

    Hanja

    Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

    Wikisource

    相 (eumhun 서로 상 (seoro sang))

    1. Hanja form? of 상 (“mutual; together”).

    Compounds

    Compounds

    Etymology 2

    From Средњи Кинески 相 (MC sɨɐŋH, “appearance”).

    Historical Readings
    Dongguk Jeongun Reading
    Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 Recorded as Middle Korean 샤ᇰ〮 (Yale: syáng) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.
    Middle Korean
    Text Eumhun
    Gloss (hun) Reading
    Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[3] ᄌᆡ〯샤ᇰ〮[1] 샤ᇰ〮 Recorded as Middle Korean 샤ᇰ〮 (Yale: syáng) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.
    Early Modern Korean
    Text Final (韻) Reading
    Samun Seonghwi, 1751 졍승[2] 샹 Шаблон:hanja-juhae
    1. ↑ 宰相 [Chancellor of State]
    2. ↑ 政丞 [Minister]

    Pronunciation

    Hanja

    相 (eumhun 바탕 상 (batang sang))

    1. Hanja form? of 상 (“looks; appearance”).
    2. Hanja form? of 상 (“minister of state”).

    Compounds

    Compounds

    References

    • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [4]

    Natively Vietnamese-speaking areas.png Вијетнамски


    Han character

    1. Овај израз захтева дефиницију. Молим вас помозите и додајте превод, затим уклоните текст {{rfdef}}.

    相 (кинески)

    Објашњење.

    Изговор:

    пинјин: xiāng  
    Аудио: Loudspeaker.svg(датотека)
    Шаблон:zh-cir

    Радикал:

    目 109

    Шаблон:Тетрада

    Значења:

    ...

    Примери:

    Викицитати „Галатима, глава 5”

    —
    1. 15 你們要謹慎．若相[1]咬相吞、只怕[1]要彼此消滅了。
      1. 15 Nǐmen yào jǐnshèn. Ruò xiāng yǎo xiāng tūn, zhǐ pà yào bǐcǐ xiāomièle.
        1. 15. Али ако се међу собом кољете и једете, гледајте да један другог не истребите.
          1. 14 16

    Синоними:

    ...


    Хомофони:

    ...

    Хомографи:

    ...

    ХСК ниво:

    ...

    Асоцијације:

    ...

    Изведене речи:

    ...


    Сродни чланци са Википедије:

    相


    Преводи

    • Амхарски:
    • Енглески:
    • Француски:
    • Немачки:
    • Италијански:
    • Шпански:
    • Португалски:
    • Арапски:
    • Корејски:
    • Руски:
    • Српски:
    • Грчки:
    • Бугарски:
    • Шведски:

    Референце

    1. ↑ 1,0 1,1 加拉太書 5 章[1]

    Спољашње везе

    • [archchinese.com [5]]
    • [[]]

    Претходна Страна Наредна

    • ... broj strane ... broj strane

    Шаблон:Kateg4 Шаблон:Kateg3 Шаблон:Kateg

    Преузето из „https://sr.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=相&oldid=674454”