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そう

Такође погледајте: ぞう, Додатак:Варијанте од "so", и Додатак:Варијанте од "sou"

Јапански


Etymology 1

Јапански збирка израза
This entry is part of the збирка израза project, which presents criteria for inclusion based on usefulness, simplicity and commonness.
Alternative spelling
然う (rare)

/sau/ → /sɔː/ → /soː/

Adverb

そう (sō) ←さう (sau)?

  1. so, like that, in such a way, such
    それはそう。／そりゃそうだろ。
    Sore wa sō. ／ Sorya sō daro.
    Well, of course.
See also
Japanese demonstratives
ko-
“this”
(close to speaker) 		so-
“that”
(close to listener) 		a-
“that over there”
(far from both) 		do-
“which”
(indeterminate, question)
Object これ (kore) それ (sore) あれ (are) どれ (dore)
これら (korera) それら (sorera) あれら (arera) —
Determiner この (kono) その (sono) あの (ano) どの (dono)
これらの (korera no) それらの (sorera no) あれらの (arera no) —
Kind こんな (konna) そんな (sonna) あんな (anna) どんな (donna)
Place ここ (koko) そこ (soko) あそこ (asoko)* どこ (doko)
Direction こちら (kochira) そちら (sochira) あちら (achira) どちら (dochira)
こっち (kotchi) そっち (sotchi) あっち (atchi) どっち (dotchi)
Human こいつ (koitsu) そいつ (soitsu) あいつ (aitsu) どいつ (doitsu)
Manner こう (kō) そう (sō) ああ (ā)** どう (dō)
* irregular
** regular (long vowel)

Interjection

そう (sō) ←さう (sau)?

  1. yes, yeah; it's like that; that's how it is; I see. (interjection to show that the speaker is paying attention)
Synonyms

Etymology 2

/sau/ → /sɔː/ → /soː/

Probably either a shift from 様 (sama), or directly from 相 (sō). Appears from the Muromachi period.[1][2]

Possibly influenced by, or developed by analogy to, the adverbial and interjectional sō (然う).

Pronunciation

  • In Tokyo accent, the accent of the verb construction depends on the suffixed verb:[3]
Suffixed verb is accented Suffixed verb is non-accented
Continuative stem + そう (sō) (evidential) Result has the accent on the そ (so) mora
Example: つくりそ​ーだ [tsùkúrísóꜜòdà] 		Result is non-accented
Example: あそびそーだ [àsóbísóódá]
Finite form + そう (sō) (hearsay) Result keeps the original accent
Example: つく​るそーだ [tsùkúꜜrùsòòdà] 		Result is accented on the そ (so) mora
Example: あそぶそ​ーだ [àsóbúsóꜜòdà]

Suffix

そう (-sō) 

  1. seeming that, seeming like, appearing that
Usage notes

This productive suffix meaning “seeming like” can come after a full phrase in plain form, or after a verb or adjective stem, thereby forming a -na adjective.

  • After a full phrase in plain form, the resulting phrase implies reported speech, something heard from someone else. For example, the verb 降る (furu, “to fall from the sky”) plus this suffix forms 降るそう (furu sō, “I've heard that it will rain” or “someone told me that it will rain”). The adjective 美味しい (oishii, “delicious”) plus this suffix forms 美味しいそう (oishii sō, “I've heard that it's delicious”).
  • After a verb or adjective stem, the resulting word means “it looks like X”. For example, the stem 降り (furi-) of the verb 降る (furu, “to fall from the sky”) plus this suffix forms 降りそう (furisō, “it looks like it will rain”). The stem 美味し (oishi-) of the adjective 美味しい (oishii, “delicious”) plus this suffix forms 美味しそう (oishisō, “looks delicious”). However, いい (ii) + そう becomes よさそう (yosasō) and ない (nai) + そう becomes なさそう (nasasō).

The suffix should not be used after stem forms describing visually obvious physical traits like color. Although 赤いそう (akai sō, “I've heard that it's red”) would be valid, *赤そう (akasō, “it seems red”) would not. Another example of this is that 可愛い (kawaii) means someone looks cute so it does not need another そう. (かわいそう (kawaisō) does exist, but means “pitiful” or “poor”.) The suffix should, however, be used when describing another person's mood or mental state. For example, if another person looks glad, one says 嬉しそう (ureshisō, “you seem glad”), which is more natural and polite than saying 嬉しい (ureshii, “you are glad”).

This word is morphologically a clitic after a phrase in plain form, and an inflectional suffix after a verb or adjective stem. It is classified as a 助動詞 (jodōshi, “auxiliary verb”) in traditional Japanese grammar.

Etymology 3

Various.

Придев

そう (sō) 

  1. 壮: vibrant, manly, brave

Counter

そう (-sō) 

  1. 双: pairs
  2. 壮:
  3. 層: floors in a building
  4. 艘: small boats

Noun

そう (sō) 

За изговор и дефиниције そう – see the following entries: 双, 壮, 宗, 奏, 相, 草, 荘, 庄, 曹, 喪, 惣, 葬, 装, 僧, 想, 層, 争, 箏, 甑, 騒, 左右, 疎雨, 疏雨

(The following entries are uncreated: 双, 壮, 宗, 奏, 相, 草, 荘, 庄, 曹, 喪, 惣, 葬, 装, 僧, 想, 層, 争, 箏, 甑, 騒, 左右, 疎雨, 疏雨.)

Prefix

そう (sō-) 

  1. 総: gross, general

Proper noun

そう (Sō) 

  1. 壮: a male дато име
  2. 宗: A презиме​..
  3. 宋: Song

Suffix

そう (-sō) 

  1. 走: race, run

Verb

そう (sō) 

  1. 添う, 副う: to accompany; to comply with
  2. 沿う: to follow; to run along
  3. 候: (auxiliary) be, do

References

  1. ↑ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Јапански), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. ↑ 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN 4-385-13905-9
  3. ↑ Online Japanese Accent Dictionary (OJAD)
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