い

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Hiragana letter I.svg
い U+3044, い
HIRAGANA LETTER I
← ぃ
[U+3043] 		Хирагана ぅ →
[U+3045]

Flag of Japan.svg Јапански


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Етимологија 1

Derived in the Heian period from writing the man'yōgana kanji 以 in the cursive sōsho style.

Pronunciation

Syllable

い (romaji i)

  1. The hiragana syllable い (i). Its equivalent in katakana is イ (i). It is the second syllable in the gojūon order; its position is あ行い段 (a-gyō i-dan, “row a, section i”).
See also

Етимологија 2

Corruption of emphatic particle よ (yo) or exclamatory particle や (ya).[1]

Particle

い (i) 

  1. Used in compounds with certain sentence-ending particles to create a familiar effect.
    だ (da) → だい (dai)
    か (ka) → かい (kai)
  2. Used in compounds with certain sentence-ending particles to create an exclamatory effect.
    わ (wa) → わい (wai)
    ぞ (zo) → ぞい (zoi)
    や (ya) → やい (yai)
  3. Used after verbs to create an exclamatory effect.
    勝(かっ)手(て)にしろい！
    Katte ni shiroi!
    Have it your way!
Alternative forms
  • (dated) え (e)

Етимологија 3

From Стари Јапански. Possibly cognate with Корејски nominal particle 이 (i).

Used in Стари Јапански, still found in use in Chinese works annotated for Japanese readers of Early Middle Japanese in the early Heian period, then becoming more limited and appearing only in specialized Buddhist texts. Fallen into disuse by the late Heian period from the time of so-called “cloistered rule”.[2][3]

Obsolete. Not used in modern Japanese.

Particle

い (i) 

  1. (obsolete) emphatic subject marker, added to nouns and verb stems
    • c. 759, Man'yōshū (book 4, poem 545)
      吾背子之 跡履求 追去者 木乃関守伊 将留鴨
      (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    • c. 759, Man'yōshū (book 12, poem 3161)
      在千方 在名草目而 行目友 家有妹伊 将鬱悒
      (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    • c. 759, Man'yōshū (book 13, poem 3287)
      乾坤乃 神乎禱而 吾恋 公以必 不相在目八方
      (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    • c. 759, Man'yōshū (book 14, poem 3393)
      筑波祢乃 乎弖毛許能母尓 毛利敝須恵 波播已毛礼杼母 多麻曾阿比尓家留
      (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    • 797: Shoku Nihongi (edict 6)
      京職大夫從三位藤原朝臣麻呂等伊負圖龜一頭獻止
      (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    • 797: Shoku Nihongi (edict 12)
      聞看食國中能東方陸奥國守從五位上百濟王敬福伊部内少田郡仁黄金出在奏弖獻
      (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    • 797: Shoku Nihongi (edict 34)
      然後仁逆心乎以天朝庭乎動傾止之天兵乎備流時仁和氣伊申天在
      (please add an English translation of this usage example)
  2. (obsolete) emphatic phrase-final particle, emphasizing preceding phrase
    • c. 759, Man'yōshū (book 3, poem 481)
      白細之 袖指可倍弖 靡寢 吾黒髪乃 真白髪尓 成極新世尓 共将有跡 玉緒乃 不絶射妹跡 結而石 事者不果 [...]
      (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    • c. 759, Man'yōshū (book 7, poem 1359)
      向岳之 若楓木 下杖取 花待伊間尓 嘆鶴鴨
      (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    • c. 759, Man'yōshū (book 10, poem 1851)
      青柳之 糸乃細紗 春風尓 不乱伊間尓 令視子裳欲得
      (please add an English translation of this usage example)
  3. (obsolete) unbound nominalizing suffix:
    Examples: 木 (ko, “tree”, bound form, only found in compounds) + i → 木 (ki, “tree”, standalone form), 高 (taka, “height”, bound form) + i → 丈 (take, “height”, standalone form), 火 (ho, “fire”, bound form) + i → 火 (hi, “fire”, standalone form)
Derived terms

Етимологија 3

An extension of use of the -i ending on adjectives.

Suffix

い (-i) -i (adverbial く (-ku))

  1. (informal) suffix forming adjectives: -ic; -al
    チャラチャラ (charachara, “onomatopoeia for jingling”) → チャラい (charai, “flashy”)
Inflection
Inflection of いい
Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形) かろ karo
Continuative (連用形) く ku
Terminal (終止形) い i
Attributive (連体形) い i
Hypothetical (仮定形) けれ kere
Imperative (命令形) かれ kare
Key constructions
Informal negative くない ku nai
Informal past かった katta
Informal negative past くなかった ku nakatta
Formal いです i desu
Formal negative くないです ku nai desu
Formal past かったです katta desu
Formal negative past くなかったです ku nakatta desu
Conjunctive くて kute
Conditional ければ kereba
Provisional かったら kattara
Volitional かろう karō
Adverbial く ku
Degree さ sa

Etymology 4

За изговор и дефиниције од い – види 医, 委, 意, 以, 衣, 位, 囲, 胃, 易, 移, 異, 遺, 依, 為, 畏, 威, 唯, 維, 萎, 椅, 彙, 偉, 違, 緯, 尉, 慰, 已, 伊, 夷, 怡, 帷, 蝟, 縊, 姨, 彝, 扆.
(Овај појам, い, је an alternative spelling of the above Sino-Japanese terms.)

(Следећи уноси је нестворен: 医, 委, 意, 以, 衣, 位, 囲, 胃, 易, 移, 異, 遺, 依, 為, 畏, 威, 唯, 維, 萎, 椅, 彙, 偉, 違, 緯, 尉, 慰, 已, 伊, 夷, 怡, 帷, 蝟, 縊, 姨, 彝, 扆.)

Етимологија 5

From various Japonic origins.

За изговор и дефиниције од い – види 井, 亥, 堰, 居, 寝, 胆, 猪, 藺, 五, 五十, 斎, 汝, 汝.
(Овај појам, い, је an alternative spelling of the above terms.)

(Следећи уноси је нестворен: 井, 亥, 堰, 居, 寝, 胆, 猪, 藺, 五, 五十, 斎, 汝.)

References

  1. ↑ 1995, 大辞泉 (Daijisen) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. ↑ 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
  3. ↑ 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

い (јапански)

Објашњење.


nai

Шаблон:Karakter0

Викицитати „Шаблон:Иса. 59”

—
1 見よ、主の手が短くて、救い得ないのではない。その耳が鈍くて聞き得ないのでもない。
1 Miyo,-nushi no te ga mijikakute, sukui enai node wanai. Sono mimi ga nibukute kiki enai node mo nai.
Шаблон:Иса. 59

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  • Италијански: [1] it ☞it
  • Португалски: [1] pt ☞pt
  • Украјински: [1] uk ☞uk



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