未

Takođe pogledajte: 木, 夫, 末, 禾, i 耒

未 U+672A, 未 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-672A ← 朩 [U+6729] CJK Unified Ideographs 末 → [U+672B]

međunarodno

Redosled pisanja

Han karakter

未 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+1, 5 strokes, cangjie input 十木 (JD), četiri-ugla 5090₀, composition ⿻一木)

Izvedeni karakteri

• 朱 耒 来 佅 味 妹 怽 抺 沬 昧 㭑 祙 𤽜 眛 𥞊 𧙕 跊 魅 鮇 䵢
• 䙿 𣚺 㖝 𣠖 𣠕 苿 𠩺 㲠 㹈 寐 𥧌 膥

Reference

• KangXi: page 509, karakter 5
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: karakter 14419
• Dae Jaweon: strana 890, karakter 3
• Hanyu Da Zidian: tom 2, strana 1150, karakter 1
• Unihan data za U+672A

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Jezici (3)

Reference • Spoljašnje veze • Prethodna Strana Naredna

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Strana kategorija

Kineski

jedn. and trad.		未

Glyph origin

Istorijski oblici karaktera 未
Shang		Warring States	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Bronze inscriptions	Oracle bone script	Chu Slip and silk script	Small seal script

Znakovi u istom fonetskom nizu (未) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Stari Kineski
寐
魅
鬽
昧
妹
眛
沬
未
味
鮇
菋

Pictogram (象形 (xiàngxíng)) – a tree with two layers of branches, or a tree's top branches not yet at full growth, signifying not grown (yet)

Etimologija

"not yet"

Pulleyblank (1995), apud Schuessler (2007), proposes that this word results from a fusion of negative root *m- with perfective particle 既 (“already”).

"eighth earthly branch"

Smith (2011) proposes that 未 denoted the waxing moon's "impending stage" before full moon. 未's early sense might be "tip" > "on the tipping point" if it could be connected to 末 (“tip”), which is similar graphically and phonologically; though what morphological mechanism which can associate them two is unclear.

As for its association with the goat, Ferlus (2013) notes there is good correspondence with Austronesian Atayal miːts (“lamb”); also compare Lao ມົດ (mot, “year of the lamb”).

Definicija

未

1. to have not; not yet

   未來／未来  ―  wèilái  ―  future [lit. have not come]

   我未睇本書。 [Cantonese, trad.]
   我未睇本书。 [Cantonese, simp.]

   ngo⁵ mei⁶ tai² bun² syu¹. [Jyutping]

   I have not read the book.

2. not
3. ^† Alternative form of 味.
4. (Cantonese, Min) used at the end of questions to ask if one has done something yet

   食飽未？／食饱未？ [Cantonese]  ―  sik⁶ baau² mei⁶? [Jyutping]  ―  Are you full yet?

   • 你買咗未先？ [Cantonese, trad.]
     你买咗未先？ [Cantonese, simp.]

     nei⁵ maai⁵ zo² mei⁶ sin¹? [Jyutping]

     First off, have you even bought it yet?

5. eighth of twelve earthly branches
6. lamb (羊) of Chinese zodiac

Synonyms

• (not yet): 還沒／还没, 仍未; (literary) 尚未; (Cantonese) 仲未, 並未／并未; (Hakka) 吂曾, 吂識／吂识; (Min Nan) 猶未／犹未; (Wu) 朆

Coordinate terms

• (earthly branches) 地支 (dìzhī); 子, 丑, 寅, 卯, 辰, 巳 (sì), 午, 未 (wèi), 申 (shēn), 酉 (yǒu), 戌, 亥

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (未):

• → Japanski: 未(み) (mi); 未(び) (bi)
• → Korejski: 미(未) (mi)
• → Vijetnamski: vị (未)

Others:

• → Vijetnamski: Mùi

Further reading

• “Entry #1663”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2023.

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Japanski

Kanji

Readings

• Go-on: み (mi, Jōyō)
• Kan-on: び (bi)
• Kun: いまだ (imada, 未だ); まだ (mada, 未だ); ひつじ (hitsuji, 未)

Compounds

• 未(み)開(かい) (mikai, “uncivilized”)
• 未(み)完(かん) (mikan, “unfinished”)
• 未(み)婚(こん) (mikon, “unmarried”)
• 未(み)熟(じゅく) (mijuku, “immature; inexperienced”)
• 未(み)遂(すい) (misui, “attempt”, at a crime)
• 未(み)成(せい)年(ねん) (miseinen, “minor”)
• 未(み)然(ぜん) (mizen, “previously”)
• 未(み)然(ぜん)形(けい) (mizenkei, “imperfective form”)
• 未(み)曾(ぞう)有(う) (mizōu), 未(み)曾(ぞ)有(う) (mizou, “unprecedented”)
• 未(み)知(ち) (michi, “strange”)
• 未(み)知(ち)数(すう) (michisū, “unknown, variable”, in mathematics)
• 未(み)定(てい) (mitei, “undecided”)
• 未(み)踏(とう) (mitō, “unexplored”)
• 未(み)納(のう) (minō, “payment default”)
• 未(み)必(ひつ)の故(こ)意(い) (mihitsu no koi, “willful negligence”)
• 未(み)亡(ぼう)人(じん) (mibōjin, “widow”)
• 未(み)満(まん) (miman, “insufficient”)
• 未(み)来(らい) (mirai, “future”)
• 未(み)了(りょう) (miryō, “unfinished”)

 

Etimologija 1

Kanji in this term
未
ひつじ Stepen: 4
kun'yomi

From 羊 (hitsuji, “sheep”)

Pronunciation

• Homophone: 羊

Proper noun

未(ひつじ) (Hitsuji) 

1. the Sheep, the eighth of the twelve Earthly Branches

Etimologija 2

Kanji in this term
未
み Stepen: 4
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese 未 (mjɨj^H)

Prefix

未(み) (mi-) 

1. un-; in- Galicijski

Proper noun

未(み) (Mi) 

1. the Sheep, the eighth of the twelve Earthly Branches

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Korejski

Etimologija

From Middle Chinese 未.

Istorijska čitanja
Recorded as Middle Korean 밍〮 (Yale: mí) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448. Recorded as Early Modern Korean 미 (Yale: mi) in Samun Seonghwi (三韻聲彙 / 삼운성휘), 1751.

Izgovor

• (in 미안 (未安, mian)):
  • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(ključ): [mi]
  • Phonetic hangul: [미]
• (not; un-; etc.):
  • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(ključ): [mi(ː)]
  • Phonetic hangul: [미(ː)]
    • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Hanja

Wikisource

未 (eumhun 아닐 미 (anil mi))

1. Hanja form^? of 미 (“not; un-; in- Galicijski”).
2. Hanja form^? of 미 (“to have not; not yet”).

Jedinjenja

Compounds

• 미흡 (未洽, miheup)
• 미래 (未來, mirae)
• 미만 (未滿, miman)
• 미숙 (未熟, misuk)
• 미결 (未決, migyeol)
• 미진 (未盡, mijin)
• 미완 (未完, miwan)
• 미개 (未開, migae)
• 미상 (未詳, misang)
• 미달 (未達, midal)
• 미련 (未練, miryeon)
• 미연 (未然, miyeon)
• 미비 (未備, mibi)
• 미지 (未知, miji)
• 미안 (未完, mian)
• 미혼 (未婚, mihon)
• 미정 (未定, mijeong)
• 미문 (未聞, mimun)

Reference

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [1]

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Vijetnamski

Han karakteri

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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未 (kineski)

Objašnjenje.

巳Objašnjenje.酉

Izgovor:

pinjin: wèi  

Audio:

(datoteka)

Šablon:zh-cir

Radikal:

木 075₀₀₂

Značenja:

...

Primeri:

1. 18 愛裡沒有懼怕．愛既完全、就把懼怕除去．因為懼怕裡含著刑罰．懼怕的人在愛裡未得完全。
   1. 18 Ài li méiyǒu jùpà. Ài jì wánquán, jiù bǎ jùpà chùqú. Yīnwèi jùpà li hánzhe xíngfá. Jùpà de rén zài ài li wèi de wánquán.
      1. 18. U ljubavi nema straha, nego savršena ljubav izgoni strah napolje; jer strah ima muku. A ko se boji nije savršen u ljubavi.

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Sinonimi:

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Homofoni:

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Homografi:

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HSK nivo:

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Asocijacije:

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Izvedene reči:

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