un-

Такође погледајте: Додатак:Варијанте од "un"

Енглески

Етимологија 1

Од Средњи Енглески un-, од Стари Енглески un-, од Proto-Germanic *un-, од Пра-Индо-Европски *n̥-. Cognate with Шкотски un-, on- (“un-”), Севернофризски ün-, Saterland Frisian uun-, West Frisian ûn-, on-, Холандски on-, Low German un-, on-, Немачки un-, Дански u-, Шведски o-, Норвешки u-, Исландски ó-. More distant cognate with Латински in-, Антички Грчки ἀ- (a-) (whence Енглески a-, modern Грчки α- (a-)) и Санскрт अ- (a-).

Дублети of in- и a-.

Префикс

un-

1. (added to adjectives or past participles) not

   unannounced — “not being announced”

   uneducated — “not educated”

   unattractive — “not attractive”

   unconstitutional — “not constitutional”

2. (added to nouns) absent; lacking; not; negative

   ungrace (“lack of grace, gracelessness”)

   unrest (“a lack of rest (peace); war”)

   unhope (“despair”)

   unfriend (“enemy”)

   unrepair

   unluck (“misfortune”)

   unnova

   uncertainty (“lack or absence of certainty”)

3. (added to nouns) contrary to or contrasted against traditional norms; unconventional; alternative

   unconference

   unmethod

Usage notes

• Some words formed in this way may also have counterparts using in- or non-.

Translations

NOTE: Words using the prefix un- do not necessarily use the prefixes given here when translated. See individual words for more accurate translations.

denoting absence

• Armenian: ան- (an-), չ- (čʿ-), դժ- (dž-), տ- (t-)
• Catalan: in- (ca)
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 不- (bù-)

• Dutch: on- (nl)
• Faroese: ó-
• Finnish: -ton (fi)
• French: in- (fr), mal (fr), non- (fr)
• Galician: in-
• German: un- (de)
• Greek: α- (el) (a-)

  Ancient: ἀ- (a-)

• Icelandic: ó-
• Italian: in- (it)

• Latin: in-
• Luxembourgish: on-
• Norwegian: u- (no)
• Old Norse: ú-, ó-
• Polish: nie- (pl)
• Portuguese: in- (pt)
• Romanian: ne- (ro)
• Russian: не- (ru) (ne-)
• Scottish Gaelic: ao-, mì-, neo-, eu-, do-, an-
• Sorbian:

  Lower Sorbian: nje-

• Spanish: in- (es)
• Swedish: o- (sv), van- (sv)

denoting a lack of

• Armenian: ան- (an-), չ- (čʿ-), դժ- (dž-), տ- (t-)
• Catalan: in- (ca)
• Faroese: ó-
• Finnish: -ton (fi), epä- (fi)
• French: in- (fr), non- (fr)
• Galician: in-
• Georgian: უ- (u-)
• German: un- (de)
• Greek: α- (el) (a-)

• Icelandic: ó-
• Polish: bez- (pl), nie- (pl)
• Portuguese: in- (pt), des- (pt)
• Russian: без- (ru) (bez-), бес- (ru) (bes-), не- (ru) (ne-)
• Scottish Gaelic: ao-, mì-, neo-, eu-, do-
• Sorbian:

  Lower Sorbian: nje-

• Spanish: in- (es)
• Swedish: o- (sv)

violative of; contrary to

• Afrikaans: on-
• Albanian: pa-
• Armenian: հակա- (haka-)
• Azerbaijani: na-
• Basque: -a (eu)
• Belarusian: не- (nje-)
• Bengali: অ- (a-)
• Bulgarian: не- (ne-)
• Catalan: in- (ca)
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 不 (zh) (bù), 無 (zh), 无 (zh) (wú)

• Czech: ne- (cs)
• Danish: u- (da)
• Dutch: on- (nl)
• Esperanto: mal- (eo)
• Finnish: epä- (fi)
• French: anti- (fr), in- (fr), non- (fr)
• Galician: anti-
• German: un- (de)
• Greek: αντι- (el) (anti-)

• Icelandic: ó-
• Japanese: 不 (ja) (ふ, fu), 無 (ja) (む, mu)
• Javanese: ora (jv)
• Lao: ບໍ່- (bǭ-)
• Macedonian: не- (ne-)
• Polish: nie- (pl)
• Portuguese: in- (pt), anti- (pt), não- (pt)
• Russian: не- (ru) (ne-)
• Scottish Gaelic: an-, mì-
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: не-

  Roman: ne-

• Slovak: ne-
• Slovene: ne-
• Sorbian:

  Lower Sorbian: nje-

• Spanish: in- (es)
• Swedish: o- (sv), anti- (sv)
• Ukrainian: не- (ne-)

Etymology 2

From Средњи Енглески on-, from Стари Енглески ond-, and- (“against, facing, toward; in return, back, without”), from Proto-Germanic *anda-, *andi- (“against”), from Пра-Индо-Европски *h₂énti (“across, forth, forward, ahead”), from *h₂ént- (“end, limit, forehead”). More at and-.

Prefix

un-

1. (added to verbs and nouns to form verbs) reverse, opposite

   to undress — “to take one's clothes off”

   to unwind — “to reverse a winding”

   to unlock — “to undo the locking of”

   • 1996, Diane Warren (writer), Toni Braxton (singer), “Un-Break My Heart”, Secrets, LaFace

     Un-cry these tears I cried so many nights / Un-break my heart

2. release, free, remove, extract.

   to uncage — “to release from a cage”

   to untangle — “to remove the tangling of”

Usage notes

• Only certain words can take un- to form a new word with the opposite meaning. In particular, verbs that describe an irreversible action produce words often considered nonsense, e.g. unkill, unspend, unlose, unring. These words may nevertheless be in occasional use for humorous or other effect.

Synonyms

• (opposite): anti-, in-, non-
• (release): de-, dis-, off-

Translations

NOTE: Words using the prefix un- do not necessarily use the prefixes given here when translated. See individual words for more accurate translations.

reversal or cancellation

• Armenian: ապ- (ap-)
• Dutch: ont- (nl)
• Esperanto: mal- (eo)
• French: dé- (fr), dés- (fr)
• Georgian: молим додајте овај превод ако можете
• German: ent- (de)

• Greek: απο- (el) (apo-)
• Icelandic: af-
• Italian: s-
• Spanish: des- (es)
• Swedish: av- (sv)

Etymology 3

From Латински ūnus.

Prefix

un-

1. Used to form temporary names of elements (such as unbiunium) whose existence has been predicted, and have not yet been given a trivial name.

Synonyms

• -un-

References

• Definition of un- - Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary

Anagrams

• NU, Nu, nu ^{(alphagram nu)}

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German

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *un-, from Пра-Индо-Европски *n̥-.

Pronunciation

• МФА^(кључ): /ʊn/, [ʔʊn]
• In compounds, the prefix usually carries the stress, though there are exceptions to this.

Prefix

un-

1. un- (denoting absence, a lack of; violative of; contrary to)
2. grave; bad; horrifying

   ‎Ding (“thing”) + ‎un- → ‎Unding (“something unacceptable”)

   ‎Fall (“case, situation”) + ‎un- → ‎Unfall (“accident”)

   ‎Mensch (“human being”) + ‎un- → ‎Unmensch (“brute, barbarian”)

   ‎Tier (“animal”) + ‎un- → ‎Untier (“beast, monster”)

   ‎Wetter (“weather”) + ‎un- → ‎Unwetter (“storm, severe weather”)

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Gothic

Romanization

un-

1. Romanization of 𐌿𐌽-

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Luxembourgish

Etymology

Compare Немачки an-, Холандски aan-, Енглески on-.

Pronunciation

• МФА^(кључ): /un/

Prefix

un-

1. prefixed form of un (“at, on”)
   1. at, to, toward
   2. on, up
   3. used to make certain intransitive verbs transitive

      ‎léien (“to tell a lie”) + ‎un- → ‎uléien (“to lie to someone”)

Usage notes

• The prefix is contracted to u- before non-alveolar consonants.

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Manx

Etymology

From un (“one, single”).

Prefix

un-

1. uni-, mono-, one

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Old English

Pronunciation

• МФА^(кључ): /un/

Etymology 1

From Proto-Germanic *un-, from Пра-Индо-Европски *n̥-, a prefix use of the particle *ne (“not”). Cognate with Old Saxon un-, Холандски on-, Old High German un- (Немачки un-), Old Norse ó- (Шведски o-, Норвешки u-), and Gothic 𐌿𐌽- (un-). The Indo-European root is also the source of Антички Грчки α- (a-), αν- (an-), Латински in-, and Old Irish in-.

Prefix

un-

1. (added to nouns and adjectives) negation, privation, or absence of
2. bad (used to denote a pejorative sense) (compare mis-, mal-)

   ‎un- + ‎dǣd (“action, deed, event, exploit”) → ‎undǣd (“un-deed, bad deed”)

   ‎un- + ‎lǣċe (“physician, doctor”) → ‎unlǣċe (“bad physician”)

3. (added to verbs) down

   ‎un- + ‎settan (“to set, establish, place, make”) → ‎unsettan (“to set down, put down”)

Descendants

• Средњи Енглески: un-
  • Шкотски: un-
  • Енглески: un-

Etymology 2

Originally identical with and-, from Proto-Germanic *and-. Cognate with Old Frisian und-, Old Saxon ant-, Old High German ant- (Немачки ent-).

Alternative forms

• on-

Prefix

un-

1. Forming verbs from verbs, with an opposite or reversive sense.