in-

Такође погледајте: Додатак:Варијанте од "in"

Енглески

Етимологија 1

Од Средњи Енглески in-, од Стари Енглески in- (“in, into”, prefix), од Proto-Germanic *in, од Пра-Индо-Европски *en. More at in.

Алтернативни облици

• en-

Префикс

in-

1. in, into, towards, within.

   inhold, inmove, intake, inthrill

   inborn, inbound

   infield, infighting, insight, intalk, inwork

Антоними

• out-

Повезани термини

terms derived from in-: toward

• inbound
• inbox
• ingrown
• inlaid
• inner
• input
• inside
• inward

 

Преводи

in, into, towards

• French: in- (fr)
• Galician: in-
• Greek: εισ- (eis-), εν- (el) (en-)

• Italian: in- (it)
• Norwegian: inn- (no)
• Portuguese: em- (pt), in- (pt)

Етимологија 2

Од Средњи Енглески in-, borrowed (in words of latinate origin) from Латински in-, од Латински in, од Пра-Индо-Европски *en (cognate to Germanic in-, above). Often borrowed from Француски in- (e.g. incise, incite, incline, indication), or as French en-, originally from Латински in.

Префикс

in-

1. in, into

   Note: Before certain letters, in- becomes:

   • il- before l, e.g. illusion
   • im- before b, m, or p, e.g. imperil
   • ir- before r, e.g. irrigate

Корисне белешке

In direction sense, used in Latinate terms, and opposed by ex-, e-, rather than Germanic out-; senses not always strict antonyms. Examples include infiltrate/exfiltrate, ingress/egress, invade/evade.

Антоними

• e-
• ex-

Повезани термини

terms derived from in-: direction

• infiltrate
• ingress
• invade

 

terms derived from in-: tendency

• inflammable

 

Етимологија 3

Од Средњи Енглески in-, borrowed (in words of latinate origin) од Латински in- (“not”). Sometimes the Latin word has passed through French before reaching English (e.g. incapable, incertainty, inclement, incompatible). Compare un-.

Префикс

in-

1. (non-productive) Used with certain words to reverse their meaning

   Note: Before certain letters, in- becomes:

   • i- before gn, e.g. ignoble
   • il- before l, e.g. illegal
   • im- before b, m, or p, e.g. improper
   • ir- before r, e.g. irresistible

   1. (non-productive) Added to adjectives to mean not

      inedible

      inaccurate

   2. (non-productive) Added to nouns to mean lacking or without

      incredulity

      ineptitude

Повезани термини

terms derived from in-: reversing meaning

• inability
• inaccuracy
• inaccurate
• inadmissible
• inanimate
• incapable
• incredible
• incredulity
• incredulous
• indefinite
• inedible
• ineffable
• inequitable
• infinite
• inhospitable
• inimitable
• injustice
• insobriety
• intolerance
• inviolable
• invisible

 

Преводи

reversal of meaning

• Armenian: ան- (an-)
• Catalan: in- (ca)
• Czech: ne- (cs)
• Esperanto: mal- (eo)
• French: in- (fr)
• Greek: α- (el) (a-), αν- (el) (an-)
• Hebrew: אִי‎ (he) (i), בִּלְתִּי‎ (bílti)
• Ido: ne-
• Italian: in- (it)

• Japanese: 不 (ja) (ふ, fu)
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: ikke- (no), u- (no), van- (no), mis-

  Nynorsk: ikkje- (nn), u-, van-, mis-

• Polish: nie- (pl)
• Portuguese: in- (pt)
• Russian: не (ru) (ne)
• Spanish: in- (es)
• Swedish: o- (sv)

Повезани термини

• em-
• en-

Видите такође

• a- (Greek)
• an-
• non-
• un-
• wan-

Анаграми

• N.I., NI, ni ^{(alphagram in)}

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Catalan

Etymology

Borrowed from Латински in- (“un-, not”).

Prefix

in- (before l il-, before b, m, or p im-, before r ir-)

1. in- ; un- (reversal of meaning or lack of an attribute)

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Dutch

Pronunciation

• Audio

  (file)

Prefix

in-

1. from the adverb in
2. prepended to a noun or adjective, it reinforces the quality signified thereby
3. prepended to an adjective to negate its meaning; occurs mostly in borrowed terms from French: in-, un-

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French

Etymology

Borrowed from Латински in- (“un-, not”).

Pronunciation

• МФА^(кључ): (before a consonant) /ɛ̃/, (before a vowel) /in/

Prefix

1. in-; un- (indicates negation)

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Gothic

Romanization

in-

1. Romanization of 𐌹𐌽-

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Irish

Etymology 1

Prefix

in-

1. capable of, fit for, fit to be

   Антоним: do-

Etymology 2

From i, in (“in”).

Prefix

in-

1. en-, in-, il-, im-, ir-
2. endo-
3. intra-

Alternative forms

• ion- (broad)

Mutation

Irish mutation
Radical	Eclipsis	with h-prothesis	with t-prothesis
in-	n-in-	hin-	t-in-
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading

• "in-" in Foclóir Gaeilge-Béarla, An Gúm, 1977, by Niall Ó Dónaill.
• Entries containing “in-” in New English-Irish Dictionary by Foras na Gaeilge.

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Italian

Alternative forms

• im- (assimilated form before b-/m-/p-)
• il- (assimilated form before l-)
• ir- (assimilated form before r-)

Pronunciation

• МФА^(кључ): /in/
• МФА^(кључ): [iɱ] (before f or v)
• МФА^(кључ): [iŋ] (before c or g)

Etymology 1

From Латински in-, a prefixation of in (“in, into”), ultimately from Пра-Индо-Европски *h₁én.

Prefix

in-

1. (forms verbs) Used to denote derivation.
2. (obsolete, rare) Used as an intensifier.

Usage notes

• The prefix is used together with a verbal ending suffix to derive causative verbs from adjectives or nouns:

Examples:

‎in- + ‎arido (“dry”, “arid”) → ‎inaridire (“to parch”, “to dry up”)

‎in- + ‎fiamma (“flame”) → ‎infiammare (“to enflame”, “to kindle”)

• When used with verbs, it's usually a reflection of derivation in Latin, and retains the original meaning of “into”, “inside”:

Example:

‎in- + ‎fondere → ‎infondere (“to infuse”, “to instill”) (cfr. Латински īnfundere)

• In some cases, the meaning of “into” can also be found in verbs of modern derivation:

Example:

‎in- + ‎carcere (“jail”, “prison”) → ‎incarcerare (“to imprison”, “to incarcerate”)

Etymology 2

From Латински in- (“un-, not”), from Пра-Индо-Европски *n̥-, zero grade form of the sentence negative *ne.

Prefix

in-

1. Used to denote negation or opposition or privation; un-; in-; a-

Usage notes

• The suffix is usually found in adjectives (and nouns therefrom derived):

Examples:

‎in- + ‎coerente (“coherent”, “consistent”) → ‎incoerente (“incoherent”, “inconsistent”)

‎in- + ‎abile (“able”, “capable”) → ‎inabile (“unable”, “incapable”)

‎in- + ‎felice (“happy”) → ‎infelice (“unhappy”)

‎in- + ‎desiderabile (“desirable; advisable”) → ‎indesiderabile (“undesirable, unwelcome”)

• More rarely, it is found in adjectives derived from nouns:

Example:

‎in- + ‎colore (“colour”) → ‎incolore (“uncoloured”)

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Latin

Pronunciation

• (Classical) МФА^(кључ): /in/, [ɪn]

Etymology 1

From Proto-Italic *en-, from Пра-Индо-Европски *n̥- (“not”), zero-grade form of the negative particle *ne (“not”). Akin to ne-, nē, nī.

Prefix

in-

2. un-, non-, not

Usage notes

Affixed primarily to adjectives.

The spelling of the prefix changes in some situations:

• Before b or p, it becomes im-.

  ‎in- + ‎barba (“beard”) → ‎imberbis (“beardless”)

  ‎in- + ‎patiēns (“patient”) → ‎impatiēns (“impatient”)

• Before l, m, or r, it becomes il-, im-, or ir-, respectively.

  ‎in- + ‎labōrātus (“worked, toilsome”) → ‎illabōrātus (“unworked, uncultivated”)

  ‎in- + ‎mātūrus (“mature”) → ‎immātūrus (“immature”)

  ‎in- + ‎reverēns (“reverent”) → ‎irreverēns (“irreverent”)

• Before gn and sometimes n, it becomes ig- (pronounced [ɪŋ-]).

  ‎in- + ‎gnārus (“knowlegable”) → ‎ignārus (“ignorant”)

  ‎in- + ‎nōmen (“name”) → ‎ignōminia (“dishonor”)

• Before f or s, it becomes īn- (pronounced [ĩː-]).

  ‎in- + ‎fīnītus (“finite”) → ‎īnfīnītus (“endless, infinite”)

  ‎in- + ‎sānus (“healthy, sane”) → ‎īnsānus (“mad, insane”)

Derived terms

• in- -is

Descendants

• → Каталонски: in- (sometimes i-, or im- before p, b and m)
• → Француски: in-
• → Италијански: in-
• → Средњи Енглески: in-
  • Енглески: in-, ir-, il-
• → Португалски: in-, im- before p, b and m)
• → Шпански: in- (sometimes i-, or im- before p, b and m)

Etymology 2

Prefixation of in.

Alternative forms

• ind-, indu-

Prefix

in-

2. in, inside

Usage notes

Affixed primarily to verbs.

Not to be confused with in- (“not”).

Descendants

• Aromanian: ãn-, n-, an-
• Каталонски: en-
• Енглески: in-
• Француски: en-
• Италијански: in-, en-
• Португалски: en-
• Румунски: în-
• Шпански: en-

References

• in- in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, page 301

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Northern Ndebele

Etymology

From Proto-Nguni *ín-, from Proto-Bantu *jɪ̀-ǹ-.

Prefix

in-

1. Class 9 noun prefix.

Usage notes

The variant form im- is used before stems beginning with a labial consonant (b, f, m, p, v).

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Old English

Pronunciation

• МФА^(кључ): /in/

Etymology 1

From in (“in”). More at in

Prefix

in-

1. in, into; on, upon

   ‎in- + ‎blāwan (“to blow; to breathe”) → ‎inblāwan (“to inspire, breathe upon”)

   ‎in- + ‎ēodan → ‎inēodan (“to enter”)

   ‎in- + ‎ēþung → ‎inēþung (“inspiration”)

2. internal, positioned on the inside, inside

   ‎in- + ‎coþu (“disease, sickness”) → ‎incoþu (“internal disease”)

   indryhten (“distinguished, noble, courtly, excellent”), from indryhtu (“honor, glory, nobility”)

Descendants

• Средњи Енглески: in-
  • Енглески: in-

Etymology 2

From

(deprecated template usage) [etyl] Proto-Germanic

*in- (“strong”, adj), from

(deprecated template usage) [etyl] Пра-Индо-Европски

*indʰro- (“swelling; strong”), from *oyd- (“to swell”).

Prefix

in-

1. (intensifying) very

   ‎in- + ‎frōd (“wise”) → ‎infrōd (“very old, experienced, wise”)

   ‎in- + ‎dryhten (“noble”) → ‎indryhten (“very noble”)

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Old Irish

Etymology 1

From Proto-Celtic *eni-. Prefix form of i.

Alternative forms

• en-
• ind-

Prefix

in-

1. in

Usage notes

Very frequently replaced by ad- in pretonic position in verbs where the meaning ‘in’ is not transparent, e.g.:

• ad·cota from *in-com-tá-
• ad·fét from *in-fét-
• ad·greinn from *in-grenn-
• ad·snádi from *in-snádi-

Sometimes replaced by as- in pretonic position in verbs where the meaning ‘in’ is not transparent, e.g.:

• as·dloing from *in-dlong-

References

• Шаблон:R:sga:Thurneysen

Etymology 2

Prefix

in- (class C infixed pronoun)

1. (deprecated use of |lang= parameter) Alternative form of id-

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Portuguese

Alternative forms

• im- (before p or b)
• ir- (before r)

Etymology

Borrowed from Латински in- (“un-, not”).

Prefix

in-

1. un-; not

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Spanish

Etymology

Borrowed from Латински in- (“un-, not”).

Prefix

in-

1. not (negation)

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Swazi

Etymology

From Proto-Nguni *ín-, from Proto-Bantu *jɪ̀-ǹ-.

Prefix

in-

1. Class 9 noun prefix.

Usage notes

The variant form im- is used before stems beginning with a labial consonant (b, f, m, p, v).

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Xhosa

Etymology

From Proto-Nguni *ín-, from Proto-Bantu *jɪ̀-ǹ-.

Prefix

in-

1. Class 9 noun prefix.

Usage notes

The variant form im- is used before stems beginning with a labial consonant (b, f, m, p, v).

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Zulu

Etymology

From Proto-Nguni *ín-, from Proto-Bantu *jɪ̀-ǹ-.

Prefix

in-

1. Class 9 noun prefix.

Usage notes

The variant form im- is used before stems beginning with a labial consonant (b, f, m, p, v). Before l, m or n, the prefix becomes i-.

References

• C. M. Doke; B. W. Vilakazi (1972), “im-, in-”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “im-, in-”

in- (српски)

Префикс: in-

Četrnaest reči koje sadrže ključne reči

1, preparat pre- ranije paratus spreman

2 dekadencija de- od cadere padati

3 interval inter- između , među vallus bedem

4 obligacija ob- protiv ligo vezati

5 indukcija in- u ducere voditi

6 monografija mono- sam, jedan graphein pisati

7 epilog epi- nad, po logos govor

8 advokat ad- ka, do vocatio zvanje, poziv

9 anoniman an- ne onoma ime

10 eksport eks- izvan porta vrata

11 reprodukcija re- ponovo

pro- napred, za ducere voditi

12 indiskretan in- ne-

dis- razdvojen, ne cretio izjava

13 subordinacija sub- pod, ispod ordinatio čvrst poredak

14 transkripcija trans- preko scribere pisati