西

Такође погледајте: 四, 酉, 襾, и 覀

西 U+897F, 西 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-897F ← 襾 [U+897E] ЦЈК јединствени идеограми 覀 → [U+8980]

⻄ U+2EC4, ⻄ CJK RADICAL WEST TWO ← ⻃ [U+2EC3] CJK Radicals Supplement ⻅ → [U+2EC5]

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Редослед писања

Han character

西 (Kangxi radical 146, 襾+0, 6 strokes, cangjie input 一金田 (MCW), четири-угла 1060₀, composition ⿱一𠁤)

Derived characters

• 哂, 㛉, 𡶼, 廼, 徆, 恓, 拪, 洒, 𤞏, 迺, 䧈, 𢬣, 晒, 栖, 毢, 𤈇, 牺, 𤥒, 𦚵, 𠒓, 𥙘, 硒, 䄽, 𬭄, 粞, 絤(𬘟), 𦕩, 舾, 𬠂, 𧧍, 跴, 𨠴, 𫘊, 𫙘
• 𪠧, 𨚹, 𤿢, 𪀹, 酉, 𡧳, 茜, 䇴, 𤶈, 𪎢, 氥, 閪

References

• KangXi: page 1128, карактер 10
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: карактер 34763
• Dae Jaweon: страна 1595, карактер 19
• Hanyu Da Zidian: том 4, страна 2805, карактер 2
• Unihan data за U+897F

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Језици (2)

Okinawan • Референце

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Страна категорија

Кинески

једн. and трад.		西
alternative forms		㢴 卤

Glyph origin

Историјски облици карактера 西
Shang		Warring States			Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions	Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Chu Slip and silk script	Qin slip script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Знакови у истом фонетском низу (西) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Стари Кинески
粞
洒
西
卤
卥
栖
茜
哂

Pictogram (象形 (xiàngxíng)) – a bag or basket, borrowed for phonetic value. Compare 東 (“bundle > east”). Traditionally explained as a pictogram of a bird settling into its nest, which by analogy with the setting of the sun means “west”. This etymology has been disputed (Sears), but Sagart (2004) stands by it.

Etymology

The word is traditionally reconstructed to have a /*s/-initial in Old Chinese, e.g. /*sɯːl/ in Zhengzhang (2003). However, recent scholarship has suggested that the Old Chinese initial should instead be reconstructed as /*s-nˤ/, one of the reasons being 西 appears to be the phonetic in 迺 (nǎi), the archaic graphic variant of 乃. The new reconstruction, /*s-nˤər/ in Baxter and Sagart (2014), also accounts for how 西 can be the phonetic in 哂 (“to smile”). For more information, see Sagart (2004), Baxter and Sagart (2014) and Nohara (2018).

In light of the new construction with the initial consonant cluster /*s-nˤ/, the possibilities of the etymology of 西, aside from being cognate with 棲／栖 (“to roost; to rest”) (B-S OC /*s-nˤər/), include:

• Related to Tibetan ནེར་བ (ner ba, “to sink; to fall gradually”) (Unger, 1990).
• Related to Chepang नेलःसा (nelʔ‑, “to go down; to sink”), which may be the same etymon as the Written Tibetan word above (Schuessler, 2007).
• Related to the root 尼 (nǐ, “to stop”) (OC /*nˤərʔ/ for intransitive form, /*nˤərʔ-s/ for transitive form in Baxter and Sagart (2014)).
• Related to Tibetan མནལ (mnal, “sleep”) and Burmese နား (na:, “to rest; to stop for a while”) (Hill, 2019).
• An Austroasiatic nominal n-infix derivative from the root "go down", as in Old Mon cnis (“ghat”) < Old Mon cis (“to go down”) , with Proto-Austroasiatic *tsn- > Proto-Sinitic *sn-. Therefore, this etymon literally means "the place where one goes down to > Mon "ghat" > OC "nest, west". The base form is 濟 via Austroasiatic (Schuessler, 2007).

Definitions

西

1. west; western

Coordinate terms

• Шаблон:list:compass points/zh

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (西):

• → Јапански: 西(さい) (sai); 西(せい) (sei)
• → Корејски: 서(西) (seo)
• → Вијетнамски: tây (西)

Others:

• Јапански: 西(シャー) (shā, “west wind (mahjong tile)”)

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Јапански

Kanji

西

(Други grade kyōiku kanji)

1. west
2. Europe, European
3. kanji used to transliterate foreign languages
4. Short for 西班牙 (Supein): Spain, Spanish
5. autumn

Readings

• Go-on: さい (sai, Jōyō)
• Kan-on: せい (sei, Jōyō)
• Tō-on: すい (sui); す (su)
• Kun: にし (nishi, 西, Jōyō)
• Nanori: あき (aki); いり (iri); かわち (kawachi)^{←かはち (kafati, historical)}; ひし (hishi); むら (mura)

Compounds

Compounds

• 西(さい)域(いき) (saīki)
• 西(さい)下(か) (saika)
• 西(さい)国(こく) (saikoku), 西(さい)国(ごく) (saigoku)
• 西(さい)方(ほう) (saihō)
• 西(せい)方(ほう) (seihō)
• 西(せい)域(いき) (seīki)
• 西(せい)欧(おう) (Seiō, “Western Europe”)
• 西(せい)紀(き) (seiki)
• 西(せい)経(けい) (seikei, “west longitude”)
• 西(セイ)蔵(ゾウ) (Seizō)
• 西(せい)哲(てつ) (seitetsu)
• 西(せい)部(ぶ) (seibu)
• 西(せい)風(ふう) (seifū)
• 西(せい)洋(よう) (seiyō, “the West, western countries”)
• 西(せい)暦(れき) (seireki, “western calendar”)
• 西(スイ)瓜(カ) (suika, “watermelon”)
• 西(さい)海(かい) (saikai), 西(さい)海(かい) (Saikai)
• 以(い)西(せい) (isei)
• 関(かん)西(さい) (Kansai)
• 泰(たい)西(せい) (taisei)
• 鎮(ちん)西(ぜい) (Chinzei)
• 東(とう)西(ざい) (tōzai)
• 日(にっ)西(せい) (Nissei)
• 米(べい)西(せい)戦(せん)争(そう) (Bei-Sei Sensō)
• 北(ほく)西(せい) (hokusei)
• 西比利亜(シベリア) (Shiberia)
• 西班牙(スペイン) (Supein)
• 西蔵(チベット) (Chibetto)
• 仏蘭西(フランス) (Furansu)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
西
にし Степен: 2
kun'yomi

From adnominal 往にし (inishi, “leaving, passing”), as the direction of sunset. (Can this⁽⁺⁾ etymology be sourced?)

Noun

西(にし) (nishi) 

1. west Галицијски

   Антоним: 東 (higashi)

2. the West
3. wind blowing from the west

   Антоним: 東 (higashi)

4. (theater) in kabuki:
   1. the left side of the stage in the Edo-style
   2. the right side of the stage in Kyoto and Osaka styles
5. (sumo) lower-ranked wrestlers listed on the left side of a banzuke

   Антоним: 東 (higashi)

6. a capitalist state Галицијски

   Синоним: 西側 (nishigawa)

   Антоним: 東 (higashi)

Coordinate terms

• Шаблон:list:compass points/ja

Derived terms

Изведени термини

• 西(にし)風(かぜ) (nishikaze)
• 西(にし)方(かた) (nishikata), 西(にし)方(がた) (nishigata)
• 西(にし)側(がわ) (nishigawa)
• 西(にし)方(ざま) (nishizama)
• 西(にし)の対(たい) (nishi no tai)
• 西(にし)日(び) (nishibi)
• 真(ま)西(にし) (manishi)

Idioms

• 西(にし)向(む)く侍(さむらい) → 二四(にし)六九(むく)士(さむらい) (nishi muku samurai, “westward-facing samurai → mnemonic for months with less than 31 days, with 士 standing for 十一”)

Proverbs

Idioms

• 西(にし)と言(い)うたら東(ひがし)を悟(さと)れ (nishi to iu tara higashi o satore, “what is called in the west is realized in the east → necessary to understand the back as well as the front”)
• 西(にし)と言(い)えば東(ひがし)と言(い)う (nishi to ieba higashi to iu, “if they say West, say East → tell the opposite thing every time”)
• 西(にし)も東(ひがし)も分(わ)からない (nishi mo higashi mo wakaranai, “cannot tell east from west → cannot be understood at all”)
• 犬(いぬ)が西(にし)向(む)きゃ尾(お)は東(ひがし) (inu ga nishi mukya o wa higashi, “dog faces west while its tail points east → clearly obvious”)

Proper noun

西(にし) or 西(proper) (nishi or proper) [[Категорија:Јапански Шаблон:error|にし]]

1. (Buddhism) Synonym of 西方浄土 (Saihō Jōdo): the western paradise of Amitabha Buddha
2. (Buddhism) Short for 西本願寺 (Nishi Hongan-ji): a Buddhist temple in Kyoto

   Синоним: お西 (o-Nishi)

3. (historical) a red-light district in Edo-period Shinjuku Галицијски
4. a place name, especially the name of various wards in major cities throughout Japan
5. a презиме​.

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
西
しゃー Степен: 2
irregular

Possibly a corruption of Мандарин 西 (xī, “west”).

Noun

西(シャー) (shā) 

1. (mahjong) west wind (mahjong tile)

   Hypernym: 風牌 (kazehai, fanpai)

2. (mahjong) a 役 (yaku, “winning hand”) with a triplet or quad of west wind tiles; depending on wind round and player's seat wind, it is worth either 1 or 2 翻 (han, “doubles”)

   Hypernym: 役牌 (yakuhai, yaku-pai)

See also

• 風(かぜ)牌(ハイ) (kazehai, “wind tiles”): 東(トン) (ton, “east wind”), 南(ナン) (nan, “south wind”), 西(シャー) (shā, “west wind”), 北(ペー) (pē, “north wind”)

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Корејски

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 西.

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448	솅 (Yale: syèy)
Middle Korean
Text	Eumhun
	Gloss (hun)	Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[2]	셧녁 (Yale: syè-s-nyèk)	셔 (Yale: syè)

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(кључ): [sʰʌ̹]
• Phonetic hangul: [서]

Hanja

Wikisource

西 (eumhun 서녘 서 (seonyeok seo))

1. Hanja form^? of 서 (“west; western”).

Compounds

Compounds

• 서방 (西方, seobang)
• 서양 (西洋, seoyang)
• 서구 (西歐, seogu)
• 불란서 (佛蘭西, ^bullanseo)
• 편서풍 (偏西風, pyeonseopung, “westerlies”)
• 대서양 (大西洋, daeseoyang)

References

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [3]

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Okinawan

Kanji

西

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

• Kun: いり (iri, 西)

Noun

西 (hiragana いり, rōmaji iri)

1. the West

Compounds

• 西風 (いりかじ, irikazi, “west wind”)

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Вијетнамски

Han character

1. west
2. West (the Western world)

• Sơn Tây : 山西
• Tây Sơn : 西山
• Sài Gòn : 西貢
• phía tây : 費西

References

• Thiều Chửu : Hán Việt Tự Điển Hà Nội 1942
• Trần Văn Chánh: Từ Điển Hán Việt NXB Trẻ, Ho Chi Minh Ville, 1999
• Vũ Văn Kính: Đại Tự Điển Chữ Nôm, NXB Văn Nghệ, Ho Chi Minh Ville, 1999

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西 (кинески)

Објашњење.

Изговор:

пинјин: xi  

Аудио:

noicon

(датотека)

Шаблон:zh-cir

Радикал:

襾 146

Значења:

1. запад

Примери:

1. 20 西界就是大海、從南界直到哈馬口對面之地．這是西界。
   1. 20 Xi jiè jiùshì dàhǎi, cóng nán jiè zhídào hā mǎ kǒu duìmiàn zhī dì. Zhè shì xi jiè.
      1. 20. А западна ће страна бити велико море, од те међе до према уласку у Емат; то је западна страна.

Синоними:

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Хомофони:

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Хомографи:

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ХСК ниво:

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Асоцијације:

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Изведене речи:

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Сродни чланци са Википедије:

西

Преводи

Енглески: [1] west ☞en Француски: Немачки: Италијански: Шпански: Португалски:

Арапски: Руски: Српски: [1] запад ☞sr Грчки: Бугарски: Шведски:

Референце

[66 [4]] 65 67 Шаблон:Kateg