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な


な U+306A, な
HIRAGANA LETTER NA
← ど
[U+3069] 		Hiragana に →
[U+306B]

Јапански


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Изговор

Etymology 1

Derived in the Heian period from writing the man'yōgana kanji 奈 in the cursive sōsho style.

Syllable

な (na) 

  1. The hiragana syllable な (na). Its equivalent in katakana is ナ (na). It is the twenty-први syllable in the gojūon order; its position is な行あ段 (na-gyō a-dan, “row na, section a”).
See also

Etymology 2

Probably derived from mild emphatic interjection and sentence-final particle ね, itself from Old Japanese, indicating a general sense of admiration or consideration, or hope that the preceding statement comes to pass.

Interjection

な (na) 

  1. (masculine, informal, mild emphatic) used to get someone's attention, generally carries neutral or slightly positive connotations
    な、聞(き)いたかい。 ― na, kiita kai. ― Hey, did you hear?

Particle

な (na) 

  1. (informal, mild emphatic) sentence-final particle indicating emotion or mild emphasis
    Синоним: なあ (nā)
    そうかな。 ― sō ka na. ― Huh, is that so.
Usage notes

Often used when you are speaking to yourself, and can be considered less formal than the agreement-asking particle ね.

Etymology 3

/ni aru/ → /naru/ → /na/

From Old Japanese. Originally an abbreviation of に (ni, particle) + ある (aru, the attributive form of classical あり ari, “to be”).[1]

Particle

な (na) 

  1. copula particle used after 形容動詞 (keiyōdōshi, often referred to in English teaching texts as -na adjective, literally “adjective verb”) to make them function as adjectives
    変(へん)な人(ひと) ― hen na hito ― a strange person
Usage notes

The older なる (naru) form is still used to impart a more formal, archaic, or poetic sense.

静(しず)かなる田(でん)園(えん) ― shizuka naru den'en ― the quiet countryside
Descendants
  • → Енглески: な-adjective

Etymology 4

From Old Japanese. Probably the root na of the negative adjective ない (nai).[2][3] An alternative theory is that this is the imperfective conjugation of negative auxiliary verb ず (zu).[2]

First cited to the Nihon Shoki of 720.[2]

Particle

な (na) 

  1. [from 720] (masculine in modern Japanese, informal, added after the dictionary form of a verb) indicates prohibition: don't
    行(い)くな！ ― Iku na! ― Don't go!
    無(む)断(だん)で引(いん)用(よう)するな。 ― Mudan de in'yō suru na. ― Don't quote it without permission.
    混(ま)ぜるな危険(きけん) ― mazeru na kiken ― dangerous: do not mix
Usage notes

Considered very informal and potentially brusque depending on tone of voice. This would never be used in polite conversation, where the construction ～ないで下さい (~naide kudasai) would be used instead, appended to the imperfective stem of the verb in question. Examples:

  • Addressing close friends, children, or possibly subordinates:
    するな。 ― suru na. ― Don't do that.
  • Addressing anyone else:
    しないでください。 ― shinaide kudasai. ― (Please) Don't do that.

Etymology 5

Clipping of polite imperative auxiliary verb form なさい (nasai).

Suffix

な (-na) 

  1. (informal, added after the stem form of a verb) indicates an imperative statement or command: do
    あっちへ行(い)きな、ぼうや。
    Atchi e ikina, bōya.
    Go over there, boy → Get out of the way, boy!
    座(すわ)りなよ。 ― suwarina yo. ― Sit → Have a seat.
Usage notes
  • A casual way of issuing commands; not as rough as the imperative conjugation of a verb.
  • Usage is restricted to addressing friends, children, or subordinates.
    食(た)べな ― tabena ― Eat!
  • У говорном јапанском, забрана на и императив на такође се разликују по обрасцима акцента висине тона. За прохибитивно на , висина на суфиксу прати висину на основи глагола; а за императив на висина је већа него на глаголској основи.
  • 書くな (kaku na, “don't write”) → かくな
    書きな (kaki na, “write”) → かきな
Synonyms

Roughly in order of politeness:

Etymology 6

The readings of various kanji, as derived from native Japonic roots.

За изговор и дефиниције な – see the following entries: 名, 字, 菜, 汝, 無, 七

(The following entries are uncreated: 名, 字, 菜, 汝, 無, 七.)

Etymology 7

The readings of various kanji, as borrowed from Chinese.

За изговор и дефиниције な – see the following entries: 那, 南, 奈, 娜, 懦

(The following entries are uncreated: 那, 南, 奈, 娜, 懦.)

References

  1. ↑ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Јапански), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. ↑ 2,0 2,1 2,2 “な”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)‎[1] (in Јапански), 2nd edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000, →ISBN
  3. ↑ 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN 4-385-13905-9

Old Japanese

Etymology 1

Possibly cognate with modern Корејски 날 (nal, “blade”).

Listed in various sources as the na portion in the term 刀 (katana), with the na described as meaning 刃 (“blade, edge”).[1][2][3] However, there is no historical attestation for any na reading for this character.

Noun

な (na)

  1. any sharp and thin cutting implement: a blade, edge
    • c. 759, Man'yōshū (book 4, poem 616),[4] text here
      劔大刀名惜雲吾者無君爾不相而年之經去禮者
      turugi₁-tati na no₂ wosike₁ku mo ware pa nasi ki₁mi₁ ni apazute to₂si no₂ pe₂nureba
      I do not even miss precious you, given the years that have passed without meeting with you.
      [Note: turugi₁-tati (literally “double-edged longsword”) is a pillow word establishing a poetic association with the following na, literally meaning blade or edge and alluding to sharpness and importance. This na could also elliptically mean 名 (na, “name”) or even 汝 (na, “you”) depending on context, based on the homophonic readings.]
Descendants
  • Јапански: 刀 (katana)
  • Јапански: 鉈 (nata) (possibly)

Etymology 2

Noun

な (na)

  1. middle
    • 720, Nihon Shoki:
      三國坂中井:Шаблон:sub
      Nawi in Mikuni (read 中 as na)
      天渟中渟:Шаблон:sub原瀛眞人天皇
      The Emperor Ama-no₂-nunahara oki₁ no₂ mabi₁to₂ (read 中 as nuna)
      譯語田渟中倉太珠敷尊
      WOSADA NO₂ NUna KURA NO₂ PUTO₁ TAMASIKI₁ NO₂ MI₁KO₂TO₂
      A son of Kinmei Tennō.
Derived terms

Etymology 3

Possibly an apophonic form of の (no₂), from assimilation with adjacency to vowels such as a or u. Usage is mostly restricted to fixed expressions like 掌 (tanagokoro, “palm of the hand”, parsed as ta “hand” + na [possessive] + kokoro “heart, center”, changing to gokoro due to rendaku), due to such assimilation.

Vovin (2020, pp. 119-123) suggests that this may instead be a plural marker, which is supported by some terms changing due to rendaku, typically a contraction of -no₂- or -ni-.

Particle

な (na)

  1. genitive case marker
Derived terms
Изведени термини
See also

Etymology 4

Various other terms.

Noun

な (na)

  1. 名: name
  2. 字: written character
  3. 肴, 魚, 菜: side dish, especially fish, greens, etc.

Pronoun

な (na)

  1. 汝: first-person singular pronoun: I, me; second-person singular pronoun: you, thou
  2. 己, 汝: third-person reflexive pronoun: one, oneself, itself

References

  1. ↑ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Јапански), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. ↑ 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN 4-385-13905-9
  3. ↑ 1995, 大辞泉 (Daijisen) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN  4-09-501211-0
  4. ↑ Satake, Akihiro with Hideo Yamada, Rikio Kudō, Masao Ōtani, and Yoshiyuki Yamazaki (c. 759) Shin Nihon Koten Bungaku Taikei 1: Man’yōshū 1 (in Јапански), Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, published 1999, →ISBN.
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