な

な U+306A, な HIRAGANA LETTER NA ← ど [U+3069] Хирагана に → [U+306B]

Јапански

Редослед писања

Pronunciation

• МФА^(key): [na̠]

Етимологија 1

Derived in the Heian period from writing the man'yōgana kanji in the cursive sōsho style.

Syllable

See also

• (Хирагана) ; , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,

Етимологија 2

Probably derived from mild emphatic interjection and sentence-final particle , itself from , indicating a general sense of admiration or consideration, or hope that the preceding statement comes to pass.

Particle

Usage notes

Often used when you are speaking to yourself, and can be considered less formal than the agreement-asking particle .

Етимологија 3

/ni aru/ → /naru/ → /na/

From . Originally an abbreviation of + .

Particle

Usage notes

The older form is still used to impart a more formal, archaic, or poetic sense.

Етимологија 4

From . Probably the root na of the negative adjective . An alternative theory is that this is the imperfective conjugation of negative auxiliary verb .

First cited to the Nihon Shoki of 720.

Particle

1. [from 720] don't

Usage notes

Considered very informal and potentially brusque depending on tone of voice. This would never be used in polite conversation, where the construction ～ないで would be used instead, appended to the imperfective stem of the verb in question. Examples:

• Addressing close friends, children, or possibly subordinates:

• Addressing anyone else:

Етимологија 5

Clipping of polite imperative auxiliary verb form .

Suffix

1. do

Usage notes

• A casual way of issuing commands; not as rough as the imperative conjugation of a verb.
• Usage is restricted to addressing friends, children, or subordinates.

• In spoken Japanese, the prohibitive na and the imperative na are also differentiated by pitch accent patterns. For prohibitive na, the pitch on the suffix follows the pitch on the verb stem; and for imperative na, the pitch is higher than on the verb stem.

  な (kaku na, “don't write”) → かくな

  な (kaki na, “write”) → かきな

Synonyms

Roughly in order of politeness:

Етимологија 6

За изговор и дефиниције од な – види 名, 字. (Овај појам, な, је an alternative spelling of the above terms.)

(Следећи уноси је нестворен: 名, 字.)

Етимологија 7

За изговор и дефиниције од な – види 菜. (Овај појам, な, је an alternative spelling of the above terms.)

(Следећи унос је нестворен: 菜.)

Етимологија 8

За изговор и дефиниције од な – види 儺. (Овај појам, な, је an alternative spelling of the above terms.)

(Следећи унос је нестворен: 儺.)

Етимологија 9

За изговор и дефиниције од な – види 汝. (Овај појам, な, је an alternative spelling of the above terms.)

(Следећи унос је нестворен: 汝.)

Етимологија 10

За изговор и дефиниције од な – види 無. (Овај појам, な, је an alternative spelling of the above terms.)

(Следећи унос је нестворен: 無.)

Етимологија 11

За изговор и дефиниције од な – види 七. (Овај појам, な, је an alternative spelling of the above terms.)

(Следећи унос је нестворен: 七.)

Етимологија 12

За изговор и дефиниције од な – види 那. (Овај појам, な, је an alternative spelling of the above Sino-Japanese terms.)

(Следећи унос је нестворен: 那.)

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Стари Јапански

Етимологија 1

Possibly cognate with modern Корејски 날 (nal, “blade”).

Listed in various sources as the na portion in the term , with the na described as meaning . However, there is no historical attestation for any na reading for this character.

Noun

1. a blade, edge
   • c. 759, Man'yōshū (book 4, poem 616), text here

     [Note: turugi₁-tati (literally “double-edged longsword”) is a pillow word establishing a poetic association with the following na, literally meaning blade or edge and alluding to sharpness and importance. This na could also elliptically mean 名 (na, “name”) or even 汝 (na, “you”) depending on context, based on the homophonic readings.]

Descendants

• (possibly)

Етимологија 2

Various other terms.

Noun

1. 名: name
2. 字: written character
3. 肴, 魚, 菜: side dish, especially fish, greens, etc.

Pronoun

1. 汝: I, me; you, thou
2. 己, 汝: one, oneself, itself