な

Јапански

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• МФА^(кључ): [na̠]

Етимологија 1

Derived in the Heian period from writing the man'yōgana kanji 奈 in the cursive sōsho style.

Слог

な (romaji na)[[Категорија:Јапански слогови у |naな]]

1. The hiragana syllable な (na). Its equivalent in katakana is ナ (na). It is the двадесет-први syllable in the gojūon order; its position is な行あ段 (na-gyō a-dan, “row na, section a”).

Видите такође

• (Hiragana) 平仮名; あぁ, いぃ, うぅゔ, えぇ, おぉ, かゕが, きぎ, くぐ, けゖげ, こご, さざ, しじ, すず, せぜ, そぞ, ただ, ちぢ, つっづ, てで, とど, な, に, ぬ, ね, の, はばぱ, ひびぴ, ふぶぷ, へべぺ, ほぼぽ, ま, み, む, め, も, やゃ, ゆゅ, よょ, ら, り, る, れ, ろ, わゎ, ゐ, ゑ, を, ん, ー, ゝ, ゞ, ゟ

Етимологија 2

Probably derived from mild emphatic interjection and sentence-final particle ね, itself from Стари Јапански, indicating a general sense of admiration or consideration, or hope that the preceding statement comes to pass.

Interjection

1. (masculine, informal, mild emphatic) Used to get someone's attention. Carries generally neutral or slightly positive connotations.

   な、聞 (き)いたかい。

   Na, kiita kai.

   Hey, did you hear?

Честица

1. (informal, mild emphatic) Indicates emotion or mild emphasis. Sentence-final.

   そうかな。

   Sō ka na.

   Huh, is that so.

Корисне белешке

It is often used when you speak to yourself, and can be considered less formal than the agreement-asking particle ね.

Синоними

• なあ

Етимологија 3

/ni aru/ → /naru/ → /na/

From Стари Јапански. Originally an abbreviation of に (ni, particle) + ある (aru, the attributive form of classical あり ari, “to be”).

Честица

1. The copula particle used after 形容動詞 (keiyōdōshi, literally “adjective verb”, often referred to in English teaching texts as -na adjective) to make them function as adjectives.

   変 (へん)な人 (ひと)

   hen na hito

   a strange person

Корисне белешке

The older なる (naru) form is still used to impart a more formal, archaic, or poetic sense.

静 (しず)かなる田 (でん)園 (えん)

shizuka naru den'en

the quiet countryside

Етимологија 4

From Стари Јапански. Probably the root na of the negative adjective ない (nai). An alternate theory is that this is the imperfective conjugation of negative auxiliary verb ず (zu).

Честица

1. (masculine, informal, added after the dictionary form of a verb) Used to indicate prohibition: don't.

   行 (い)くな！

   Iku na!

   Don't go!

   無 (む)断 (だん)で引 (いん)用 (よう)するな。

   Mudan de in'yō suru na.

   Don't quote it without permission.

Корисне белешке

Considered very informal and potentially brusque depending on tone of voice. This would never be used in polite conversation, where the construction ～ないで下さい (~naide kudasai) would be used instead, appended to the imperfective stem of the verb in question. Examples:

• Addressing close friends, children, or possibly subordinates:

  する な。

  Don't do that

  (молим додајте Српски превод за овај пример)

• Addressing anyone else:

  しないで ください。

  (Please) Don't do that

  (молим додајте Српски превод за овај пример)

Етимологија 5

Abbreviation of polite imperative auxiliary verb form なさい (nasai).

Суфикс

1. (informal, added after the stem form of a verb) An imperative or command: do.

   あっちへ行 (い)きな、ぼうや。

   Atchi e ikina, bōya.

   Go over there, boy → Get out of the way, boy!

   座 (すわ)りなよ。

   Suwarina yo.

   Sit → Have a seat.

Корисне белешке

A casual way of issuing commands. Not as rough as the imperative conjugation of a verb. Usage restricted to addressing friends, children, or subordinates.

食 (た)べな

tabena

eat!

In spoken Japanese, the prohibitive na and the imperative na are also differentiated by pitch accent patterns. For prohibitive na, the pitch on the suffix follows the pitch on the verb stem. For imperative na, the pitch is higher than on the verb stem.

Примери:

• 書くな (kaku na, “don't write”) → かくな
• 書きな (kaki na, “write”) → かきな

Синоними

Roughly in order of politeness:

• 下 (くだ)さい (kudasai)
• 頂戴 (ちょうだい) (chōdai)
• なさい (nasai)

Етимологија 6

The hiragana rendering of various other words.

Именица

1. 名: A name.
2. 魚: Fish as a food, particularly as a side dish.
3. 菜: Greens as a food, particularly as a side dish.
4. 肴: A side dish, be it meat or fish or greens.
5. 無: A lack of something.
6. 儺: Driving away the gods of disease.

Број

1. 七: (obsolete) Seven.

Синоними

• なな

Заменица

1. 汝, 己: (obsolete) The first-person personal pronoun: I, me; the second-person personal pronoun: you.

Референце

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