な
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Redosled pisanja | |||
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Pronunciation
Etimologija 1
Derived in the Heian period from writing the man'yōgana kanji 奈 in the cursive sōsho style.
Syllable
な (romaji Script error: The function "kana_to_romaji" does not exist.)
- The hiragana syllable な (na). Its equivalent in katakana is ナ (na). It is the twenty-first syllable in the gojūon order; its position is な行あ段 (na-gyō a-dan, “row na, section a”).
See also
- (Hiragana) 平仮名; あぁ, いぃ, うぅゔ, えぇ, おぉ, かゕが, きぎ, くぐ, けゖげ, こご, さざ, しじ, すず, せぜ, そぞ, ただ, ちぢ, つっづ, てで, とど, な, に, ぬ, ね, の, はばぱ, ひびぴ, ふぶぷ, へべぺ, ほぼぽ, ま, み, む, め, も, やゃ, ゆゅ, よょ, ら, り, る, れ, ろ, わゎ, ゐ, ゑ, を, ん, ー, ゝ, ゞ, ゟ
Etimologija 2
Probably derived from mild emphatic interjection and sentence-final particle ね, itself from Old Japanese, indicating a general sense of admiration or consideration, or hope that the preceding statement comes to pass.
Interjection
な (na)
- (masculine, informal, mild emphatic) used to get someone's attention, generally carries neutral or slightly positive connotations
Particle
な (na)
Usage notes
Often used when you are speaking to yourself, and can be considered less formal than the agreement-asking particle ね.
Etimologija 3
/ni aru/ → /naru/ → /na/
From Old Japanese. Originally an abbreviation of に (ni, particle) + ある (aru, the attributive form of classical あり ari, “to be”).[1]
Particle
な (na)
- copula particle used after 形容動詞 (keiyōdōshi, often referred to in English teaching texts as -na adjective, literally “adjective verb”) to make them function as adjectives
Usage notes
The older なる (naru) form is still used to impart a more formal, archaic, or poetic sense.
Etimologija 4
From Old Japanese. Probably the root na of the negative adjective ない (nai).[2][3] An alternative theory is that this is the imperfective conjugation of negative auxiliary verb ず (zu).[2]
First cited to the Nihon Shoki of 720.[2]
Particle
な (na)
- [from 720] (masculine in modern Japanese, informal, added after the dictionary form of a verb) indicates prohibition: don't
Usage notes
Considered very informal and potentially brusque depending on tone of voice. This would never be used in polite conversation, where the construction ~ないで下さい (~naide kudasai) would be used instead, appended to the imperfective stem of the verb in question. Examples:
- Addressing close friends, children, or possibly subordinates:
- するな。 ― Script error: The function "kana_to_romaji" does not exist. ― Don't do that.
- Addressing anyone else:
- しないでください。 ― Script error: The function "kana_to_romaji" does not exist. ― (Please) Don't do that.
Etimologija 5
Clipping of polite imperative auxiliary verb form なさい (nasai).
Suffix
な (-na)
- (informal, added after the stem form of a verb) indicates an imperative statement or command: do
Usage notes
- A casual way of issuing commands; not as rough as the imperative conjugation of a verb.
- Usage is restricted to addressing friends, children, or subordinates.
- 食べな ― Script error: The function "kana_to_romaji" does not exist. ― Eat!
- In spoken Japanese, the prohibitive na and the imperative na are also differentiated by pitch accent patterns. For prohibitive na, the pitch on the suffix follows the pitch on the verb stem; and for imperative na, the pitch is higher than on the verb stem.
Synonyms
Roughly in order of politeness:
Etimologija 6
Za izgovor i definicije od な – vidi 名, 字. (Ovaj pojam, な, je an alternative spelling of the above terms.) |
(Sledeći unosi je nestvoren: 名, 字.)
Etimologija 7
Za izgovor i definicije od な – vidi 菜. (Ovaj pojam, な, je an alternative spelling of the above terms.) |
(Sledeći unos je nestvoren: 菜.)
Etimologija 8
Za izgovor i definicije od な – vidi 儺. (Ovaj pojam, な, je an alternative spelling of the above terms.) |
(Sledeći unos je nestvoren: 儺.)
Etimologija 9
Za izgovor i definicije od な – vidi 汝. (Ovaj pojam, な, je an alternative spelling of the above terms.) |
(Sledeći unos je nestvoren: 汝.)
Etimologija 10
Za izgovor i definicije od な – vidi 無. (Ovaj pojam, な, je an alternative spelling of the above terms.) |
(Sledeći unos je nestvoren: 無.)
Etimologija 11
Za izgovor i definicije od な – vidi 七. (Ovaj pojam, な, je an alternative spelling of the above terms.) |
(Sledeći unos je nestvoren: 七.)
Etimologija 12
Za izgovor i definicije od な – vidi 那. (Ovaj pojam, な, je an alternative spelling of the above Sino-Japanese terms.) |
(Sledeći unos je nestvoren: 那.)
References
- ↑ 1988, 国語大辞典(新装版) (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
- ↑ 2,0 2,1 2,2 “な”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)[1] (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000, →ISBN
- ↑ 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
Stari Japanski
Etimologija 1
Possibly cognate with modern Korejski 날 (nal, “blade”).
Listed in various sources as the na portion in the term 刀 (katana), with the na described as meaning 刃 (“blade, edge”).[1][2][3] However, there is no historical attestation for any na reading for this character.
Noun
な (na) (kana な)
- any sharp and thin cutting implement: a blade, edge
- c. 759, Man'yōshū (book 4, poem 616),[4] text here
- 劔大刀名惜雲吾者無君爾不相而年之經去禮者
- turugi1-tati na no2 wosike1ku mo ware pa nasi ki1mi1 ni apazute to2si no2 pe2nureba
- I do not even miss precious you, given the years that have passed without meeting with you.
- [Note: turugi1-tati (literally “double-edged longsword”) is a pillow word establishing a poetic association with the following na, literally meaning blade or edge and alluding to sharpness and importance. This na could also elliptically mean 名 (na, “name”) or even 汝 (na, “you”) depending on context, based on the homophonic readings.]
- c. 759, Man'yōshū (book 4, poem 616),[4] text here
Descendants
Etimologija 2
Various other terms.
Noun
な (na)
Pronoun
な (na)
- 汝: first-person singular pronoun: I, me; second-person singular pronoun: you, thou
- 己, 汝: third-person reflexive pronoun: one, oneself, itself
References
- ↑ 1988, 国語大辞典(新装版) (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
- ↑ 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ↑ 1995, 大辞泉 (Daijisen) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ↑ Satake, Akihiro; Hideo Yamada; Rikio Kudō; Masao Ōtani; Yoshiyuki Yamazaki (c. 759) Shin Nihon Koten Bungaku Taikei 1: Man’yōshū 1 (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, published 1999, →ISBN.
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