乙
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Redosled pisanja | |||
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Han karakter
乙 (Kangxi radical 5, 乙+0, 1 stroke, cangjie input 弓山 (NU), četiri-ugla 17710)
- Kangci radikal #5, ⼄.
Izvedeni karakteri
- Dodatak:Kineski radikal/乙
- 亿, 𫤾, 𠮙, 𫭖, 𫰆, 𡴭, 𢒼, 忆, 𢩧, 㲸, 𣄻, 𣎷, 𪵖, 肊, 𤓱, 𥘆, 𥝎, 𬖋, 䎲, 𦨇, 𧈝, 𮚲, 𮛁, 𬨖, 釔(钇), 鳦, 𪐘
- 𠫕, 𠮞, 𣄽, 氹, 𢖮, 𧰦, 𫚮, 𪸍, 𠀂, 𠧒, 𡴯, 艺, 𢩥, 朰, 戹, 穵, 𩁶, 𫘸, 𤴥, 𬸺, 𡆠
Reference
- KangXi: page 83, karakter 15
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: karakter 161
- Dae Jaweon: strana 167, karakter 7
- Hanyu Da Zidian: tom 1, strana 47, karakter 4
- Unihan data za U+4E59
jedn. and trad. |
乙 |
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Glyph origin
Istorijski oblici karaktera 乙 | |||
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Shang | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
Oracle bone script | Chu Slip and silk script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
Znakovi u istom fonetskom nizu (乙) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
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Stari Kineski | |
劜 | |
札 | |
扎 | |
蚻 | |
紮 | |
軋 | |
圠 | |
穵 | |
挖 | |
鳦 | |
耴 | |
乙 | |
肊 |
Unknown. Different ancient texts propose different origins.
- Pictogram (象形 (xiàngxíng)) – a developing plant (Shuowen).
- Pictogram (象形 (xiàngxíng)) – the intestine of a fish (Erya).
- Pictogram (象形 (xiàngxíng)) – the gill bone of a fish (Liji Zhengyi (《禮記正義》)
The character must not be confused with 𠃉 > 鳦.
Pronunciation
Lua greška in Modul:wuu-pron at line 162: Incorrect tone notation "4" for sh. See WT:AZH/Wu..
Definitions
乙
- The second of the ten heavenly stems (天干 (tiāngān))
- second; 2; B; II; beta (used for unnamed people or objects, to enumerate headings in a list, for grades, etc.)
- (chemistry) eth-; ethyl
- 乙烷 ― yǐwán ― ethane
- the seventh scale degree in Gongche musical notation (工尺譜/工尺谱)
- (literary, formal) one
- A prezime..
Coordinate terms
Compounds
Lua greška in Modul:zh/templates at line 32: This template has been deprecated. Please use Template:col3 instead..
See also
Kanji
Readings
Compounds
Etymology 1
Kanji in this term |
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乙 |
おつ Stepen: S |
on'yomi |
Originally from Middle Chinese 乙, arising from the proper noun sense. Appears in texts from at least 833 CE.[1]
Pronunciation
Lua greška in Modul:ja-pron at line 78: Parameter "yomi" is not used by this template..
Proper noun
乙 (Otsu)
- the second of the ten Celestial Stems
Noun
乙 (otsu)
- something B
- the second item of any ordered list
- (music) one tone lower than the note indicated by 甲 (kō, “something A”)
- (by extension from the musical sense) a lower, sonorous and moving sound or tone
- (noh theater) in noh musical accompaniment, a specific kind of muffled drum beat played by striking the head of the taiko drum and keeping the mallet pressed against the head
- (Kansai dialect, slang) a stupid person, someone who is slow on the uptake
- (rare, possibly archaic) the state or circumstances of a thing
- (rare, possibly archaic) dressing up in an odd fashion
Etymology 2
Kanji in this term |
---|
乙 |
おつ Stepen: S |
on'yomi |
By extension from the moving tone noun sense. Appears in texts from the late Edo period, in the early 1800s.[1]
Pronunciation
Lua greška in Modul:ja-pron at line 78: Parameter "yomi" is not used by this template..
Adjective
乙 (otsu)
- out of the ordinary, strange or unusual in an interesting or stylish way
- strange, odd, weird
-
:ja:東海道中膝栗毛 (Tōkaidōchū Hizakurige, “Footing It along the Tokaido Road”, or “Shank's Mare”), serial published 1802-1814:
- ヲヤ弥次さん、おつな手つきをしておめへ何をする
- Oya Yaji-san, otsu na tetsuki o shite omē nani o suru
- Oy, Yaji, what do you think you're doing with your weird way of using your hands?
- ヲヤ弥次さん、おつな手つきをしておめへ何をする
-
:ja:東海道中膝栗毛 (Tōkaidōchū Hizakurige, “Footing It along the Tokaido Road”, or “Shank's Mare”), serial published 1802-1814:
Inflection
Stem forms | |||
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Imperfective (未然形) | 乙だろ | おつだろ | otsu daro |
Continuative (連用形) | 乙で | おつで | otsu de |
Terminal (終止形) | 乙だ | おつだ | otsu da |
Attributive (連体形) | 乙な | おつな | otsu na |
Hypothetical (仮定形) | 乙なら | おつなら | otsu nara |
Imperative (命令形) | 乙であれ | おつであれ | otsu de are |
Key constructions | |||
Informal negative | 乙ではない 乙じゃない |
おつではない おつじゃない |
otsu de wa nai otsu ja nai |
Informal past | 乙だった | おつだった | otsu datta |
Informal negative past | 乙ではなかった 乙じゃなかった |
おつではなかった おつじゃなかった |
otsu de wa nakatta otsu ja nakatta |
Formal | 乙です | おつです | otsu desu |
Formal negative | 乙ではありません 乙じゃありません |
おつではありません おつじゃありません |
otsu de wa arimasen otsu ja arimasen |
Formal past | 乙でした | おつでした | otsu deshita |
Formal negative past | 乙ではありませんでした 乙じゃありませんでした |
おつではありませんでした おつじゃありませんでした |
otsu de wa arimasen deshita otsu ja arimasen deshita |
Conjunctive | 乙で | おつで | otsu de |
Conditional | 乙なら(ば) | おつなら(ば) | otsu nara (ba) |
Provisional | 乙だったら | おつだったら | otsu dattara |
Volitional | 乙だろう | おつだろう | otsu darō |
Adverbial | 乙に | おつに | otsu ni |
Degree | 乙さ | おつさ | otsusa |
Etymology 3
Kanji in this term |
---|
乙 |
おつ Stepen: S |
on'yomi |
Derived as aggressive clipping of お疲れ様です (otsukaresama desu, used as a kind of greeting at work, literally “that's honorable exhaustion (from hard work)”). The use of 乙 for the spelling is an example of phonetic ateji (当て字).
Pronunciation
Lua greška in Modul:ja-pron at line 78: Parameter "yomi" is not used by this template..
Interjection
乙 or 乙 (otsu or interjection) [[Kategorija:Japanski Šablon:error|おつ]]
Derived terms
Etymology 4
Kanji in this term |
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乙 |
きのと Stepen: S |
kun'yomi |
Compound of 木 (Ki, “Wood”, one of the Five Elements) + の (no, attributive marker) + 弟 (oto, “younger brother”).
Pronunciation
Lua greška in Modul:ja-pron at line 78: Parameter "yomi" is not used by this template..
Proper noun
乙 (Kinoto)
- the second of the ten Heavenly Stems
References
- ↑ 1,0 1,1 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanski), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
Hanja
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}
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References
Middle Korean
Particle
乙 (-ol)
- Idu script spelling of ᄋᆞᆯ (-ol, accusative case marker)
- Lua greška in Modul:quote at line 2964: Parameter "author1" has been entered more than once. This is probably because a list parameter has been entered without an index and with index 1 at the same time, or because a parameter alias has been used..
Old Korean
Etymology 1
From a Late Middle Chinese pronunciation of 乙, which lenited coda /-t/ to /-r/.[1]
Phonogram
乙 (*-r)
- A consonantal phonogram denoting coda consonant *-r
Usage notes
Generally believed to have been pronounced as *-r, based both on internal evidence and the Chinese etymon. Old Korean 尸 (*-l) and 乙 (*-r) both merged unconditionally into *-l in Middle Korean, but the two phonograms were consistently distinguished in Old Korean until the late thirteenth century. Because Old Korean reconstructions are conventionally romanized using their Middle Korean reflex, the phonologically erroneous reconstruction *-l is often used as a shorthand.
Etymology 2
Alternative forms
- 肹 (*-(u)r, *-hur)
Particle
乙 (*-(u)r)
- Accusative case marker
- 1120, King Yejong of Goryeo, “悼二將歌 (Doijang-ga)”, in 平山申氏系譜 (Pyeongsan Sin-ssi Gyebo) [Genealogy of the Pyeongsan Sin descent group]:
Usage notes
In Middle and Modern Korean, the allomorph taken by the accusative marker after a vowel may be 를 (-reul) instead of ㄹ (-l), especially in formal speech. This is the result of reduplication of the particle and is unlikely to have been present in Old Korean, although the phonologically opaque nature of the orthography makes it difficult to tell for sure.
In "Middle Old Korean", the late first-millennium stage of Korean represented by about a dozen mostly eighth-century poems, the accusative particle was consistently written with the phonogram 肹. 乙 has become dominant by the twelve poems of the tenth-century monk Gyunyeo, however, and 肹 is virtually not attested at all by the second millennium. There seems to be no semantic difference involved. Whether this represents a phonetic shift or simply a change in orthographic practice is unknown, although 肹 and 乙 had differing Middle Chinese initials.[2][3]
Descendants
References
- ↑ Alexander Vovin, Old Korean and Proto-Korean *r and *l revisited
- ↑ 이승재 (Yi Seung-jae) (2000), “차자표기 자료의 격조사 연구 [A study of case markers in Sinographic sources]”, in Gugeo gungmunhak, volume 127, pages 107—132
- ↑ 황선엽 (Hwang Seon-yeop) (2008), “삼국유사와 균여전의 향찰 표기자 비교 [A comparison of the orthography of the hyangchal of the Samguk yusa and the Gyunyeo-jeon]”, in Gugeohak, volume 51, pages 279—311
Han character
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}
.
References
乙 (kineski)
Izgovor:
- pinjin: yǐ
Šablon:zh-cirAudio: noicon (datoteka)
Radikal:
- ⼄ 5
Značenja:
- ...
Primeri:
- ...
Sinonimi:
- ...
Homofoni:
- ...
Homografi:
- ...
HSK nivo:
- ...
Asocijacije:
- ...
Izvedene reči:
Srodni članci sa Vikipedije:
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- ja:Heavenly Stems
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- Radikal 005- 乙
- 弓山
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