a-

Такође погледајте: Додатак:Варијанте од "a"

Међујезички

Етимологија

Од Антички Грчки ἀ- (a-, “not, without”).

Префикс

a-

1. Used to form taxonomic names indicating a lack of some feature that might be expected

---

Енглески

Етимологија 1

Од Средњи Енглески a- (“up, out, away”), од Стари Енглески ā-, originally *ar-, *or-, од Proto-Germanic *uz- (“out-”), од Пра-Индо-Европски *uds- (“up, out”). Cognate with Old Saxon ā-, German er-.

Изговор

• МФА^(кључ): /ə/

Префикс

a-

1. (no longer productive) forming verbs with the sense away, up, on, out

   arise, await

2. (no longer productive) forming verbs with the sense of intensified action.

   abide, amaze

Етимологија 2

• A proclitic form of preposition a; from Стари Енглески an (“on”)
• See a (preposition, on, to, in, etc.)

Изговор

• МФА^(кључ): /ə/

Префикс

a-

1. (rare or no longer productive) in, on, at; used to show a state, condition, or manner. Also passing into sense 2. [First attested prior to 1150]

   apace, afire, aboil, a-bling

2. (no longer productive) In, into. Also passing into sense 5. [First attested prior to 1150]

   asunder

3. In the direction of, or toward. [First attested prior to 1150]

   astern, abeam

4. (archaic, dialectal) At such a time. [First attested prior to 1150]

   Come a-morning we are going hunting.

5. (archaic, dialectal) In the act or process of. Being conflated with the next definition, a- is used in some dialects to indicate any participle. [First attested prior to 1150]
   • 1777, Thomas Arne, A-Hunting We Will Go
   • 1780, The Twelve Days of Christmas:

     The twelfth day of Christmas,

     My true love sent to me

     Twelve lords a-leaping,

     …

     Eight maids a-milking,

     Seven swans a-swimming,

     Six geese a-laying,

   • circa 1850, Here We Come A-wassailing/Here We Come A-caroling

     Here we come a-wassailing

     Among the leaves so green;

     Here we come a-wand’ring

     So fair to be seen.

   • 1939, Alfred Edward Housman, Additional Poems, XIII, lines 6-7:

     Oh waste no words a-wooing

     The soft sleep to your bed;

   • 1964, Bob Dylan, "The Times They Are a-Changin' " (recorded 1963, released 1964):

     The order is rapidly fadin'

     And the first one now will later be last

     For the times they are a-changin'

   • circa 1970, bumper sticker:

     If the van’s a-rockin’, don’t come a-knockin’.

Etymology 3

From Средњи Енглески a-, a variant form of y-, from Стари Енглески ġe-, from Proto-Germanic *ga-, from Пра-Индо-Европски *ḱóm (“with”).

Alternative forms

• i-

Pronunciation

• МФА^(кључ): /ə/

Prefix

a-

1. Obsolete form of y-. Archaic and Dialectal. In dialect, it is sometimes conflated with sense 5 of the previous definition, and is used as a general indicator of a participle. [First attested around 1150 to 1350 (Middle English).]

   aware, alike

Etymology 4

From Anglo-Norman a-, from Стари Француски e-, from Латински ex-.

Pronunciation

• МФА^(кључ): /ə/

Prefix

a-

1. (no longer productive) forming words with the sense of wholly, or utterly out [First attested from around 1150 to 1350.]

   abash

Etymology 5

From Антички Грчки ἀ- (a-) (ἀν- (an-) immediately preceding a vowel).

Pronunciation

• (US) МФА^(кључ): /ə/, /eɪ/

Prefix

a-

2. Not, without, opposite of.

   amoral, asymmetry, atheism, asexual, acyclic

   • 1948 (revised 1952), Robert Graves, The White Goddess, Faber & Faber 1999, page 7:

     When invited to believe in the Chimaera, the horse-centaurs, or the winged horse Pegasus, all of them straightforward Pelasgian cult-symbols, a philosopher felt bound to reject them as a-zoölogical improbabilities [...].

   • 2012, Faramerz Dabhoiwala, The Origins of Sex, Penguin 2013, page 191:

     If aroused outside the proper outlet of marriage, [female lust] could range out of control, turning its possessor into an a-feminine monster: that is what happened to fallen women.

Usage notes

• Used with stems that begin with consonants except sometimes h. an- is synonymous and is used in front of words that start with vowels and sometimes h.

Etymology 6

From Средњи Енглески a-, from Средњи Француски a-, from Латински ad (“towards”).

Prefix

a-

1. (no longer productive) Towards; Used to indicate direction, reduction to, increase to, change into, or motion. [First attested from around 1150 to 1350.]

   ascend, aspire, amass, abandon, avenue

Usage notes

• Used on stems that started with sc, sp, or st, and also used on stems with a French origin.
• Used in place of ad-.

Etymology 7

From Латински ab (“of, off, from, away”)

Prefix

a-

1. (no longer productive) Away from. [First attested from around 1150 to 1350.]

   avert, aperient, abridge, assoil

Usage notes

• Variation of the prefix ab-, only used when the stem starts with the letter p or v.

Etymology 8

From Средњи Енглески a-, o- (“of”)

• See a (preposition, of)

Prefix

a-

1. (no longer productive) Of, from. [First attested prior to 1150.]

   anew, afresh, athirst

Usage notes

Different Germanic senses of a- became confused – vaguely “intensive” – and are no longer productive. The Greek sense of “not” (e.g., amoral, asymmetry) remains productive.

“[I]t naturally happened that all these a- prefixes were at length confusedly lumped together in idea, and the resultant a- looked upon as vaguely intensive, rhetorical, euphonic [nice-sounding], or even archaic, and wholly otiose [pointless].” OED.

References

• Lesley Brown (editor), The Shorter Oxford English Dictionary, 5th edition (Oxford University Press, 2003 [1933], →ISBN), page 1
• “a-” in Christine A. Lindberg, editor, The Oxford College Dictionary, 2nd edition, New York, N.Y.: Spark Publishing, 2002, →ISBN, page 1.
• Laurence Urdang (editor), The Random House College Dictionary (Random House, 1984 [1975], →ISBN), page 1
• “a-” in Douglas Harper, Online Etymology Dictionary, 2001–2022.

---

A-Pucikwar

Prefix

a-

1. prefix attached to words relating to the mouth, such as the names of languages

---

Danish

Prefix

1. a-, un- (not)
2. A- (atomic, nuclear)

   Синонимs: atom-, A-

---

Dutch

Etymology

From Антички Грчки ἀ- (a-) (ἀν- (an-) immediately preceding a vowel).

Pronunciation

• МФА^(кључ): /aː/

• Audio

  (file)

Prefix

a-

1. a-: Not, without, opposite of.

See also

• an-

---

Finnish

Prefix

a-

1. (in loanwords) non-, un-

   Синоним: epä-

---

French

Pronunciation

• МФА^(кључ): /a/

Etymology 1

From Стари Француски a-, from Латински ad-.

Prefix

1. A prefix forming words, especially verbs, that denote entering a state, making progress toward a goal, or the like.

Etymology 2

From Антички Грчки ἀ- (a-) (ἀν- (an-) immediately preceding a vowel; generalized from the many Latin borrowings using this prefix.

Prefix

1. a-, non-, -less.

References

• “a-” in le Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).

---

German

Pronunciation

• МФА^(кључ): /a/

Etymology

From Антички Грчки ἀ- (a-) (ἀν- (an-) immediately preceding a vowel).

Prefix

a-

1. a- (not, without, opposite of)

Further reading

• a- у Duden на интернету

---

Italian

Etymology 1

From Латински ad-.

Prefix

a-

1. ad- (indicating direction)

Usage notes

The Italian prefix a- often reduplicates the following consonant (syntactic gemination, raddoppiamento fonosintattico). The actual forms usually will be ab- (in abbracciare), ac- (in accorrere), ad- (in addestrare), al- (in allargare) etc.

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Антички Грчки ἀ- (a-).

Prefix

a-

1. a- (indicating lack or loss)

   Синоним: an-

---

Latin

Etymology 1

Prefix

ā-

1. (deprecated use of |lang= parameter) Alternative form of ab-

Usage notes

Used before bilabial voiced consonants: b-, m- and v-.

Etymology 2

From ad (“towards”)

Prefix

a-

1. (Before a word beginning with sc, sp or st)
   (deprecated use of |lang= parameter) Alternative form of ad-

   ‎a- + ‎scandere (“climb”) → ‎ascendere (“climb up, go up; rise, spring up”)

   ‎a- + ‎scrībere (“write”) → ‎ascrībere (“state in writing, add in writing; insert; appoint, enroll, enfranchise, reckon, number”)

   ‎a- + ‎spīrāre (“breathe”) → ‎aspīrāre (“breathe or blow upon; am favorable to, assist, favor, aid; aspire or desire (to); approach, come near (to)”)

   ‎a- + ‎specere (“observe, look at”) → ‎aspicere (“look at or towards, behold; regard, respect; observe, notice; examine, inspect; consider, ponder”)

   ‎a- + ‎stringere (“press, tighten, compress”) → ‎astringere (“draw close, bind or tie together; tighten, contract; check, restrain; oblige, necessitate”)

   ‎a- + ‎struere (“compose, construct, build; ready, prepare; place, arrange”) → ‎astruere (“build near or to a thing, erect; build on, heap; build an additional structure”)

---

Latvian

Etymology

Via other European languages, ultimately from Антички Грчки ἀ- (a-) (ἀν- (an-) immediately preceding a vowel).

Pronunciation

• Шаблон:lv-IPA

(file)

Prefix

1. Not, not having, without, opposite of.

   ‎a- + ‎seksuāls → ‎aseksuāls

---

Navajo

Prefix

a-

1. someone's, people's

Usage notes

This prefix is often used as a neutral possessive pronoun to make the citation forms of inalienable nouns: amá (“someone's mother”), akʼos (“someone's neck”), ajáád (“someone's leg”), ajááʼ (“someone's ear”), akʼéí (“someone's kin”). The alternative is to use the prefix ha- (“one's”) or bi- (“his/her/its/their”) to make these dictionary forms.

See also

• á-
• ał-
• ahił-

---

Northern Ndebele

Etymology 1

From Proto-Nguni *á-, from Proto-Bantu *gá-.

Prefix

a- (medial wa-)

1. they; class 6 subject concord.

Etymology 2

From Proto-Nguni *á-, from Proto-Bantu *gáá-.

Prefix

a-

1. of; class 6 possessive concord.

---

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

From Антички Грчки ἀ- (a-, “not, without”).

Prefix

a-

1. a- (not, without)

References

• “a-” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
• “a-” in Det Norske Akademis ordbok (NAOB).

---

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

From Антички Грчки ἀ- (a-, “not, without”).

Prefix

a-

1. a- (not, without)

References

• “a-” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

---

Old English

Etymology

From an earlier form ar-, from Proto-Germanic *uz-. Cognate with Old High German ar-, ir- (Немачки er-).

Pronunciation

• МФА^(кључ): /ɑː/

Prefix

ā-

1. forming words with the sense from, away, off, out, e.g. āniman

Descendants

• Средњи Енглески: a-
  • Енглески: a-

---

Old French

Etymology

From Латински ad, which was often reduced to a- in compounds.

Prefix

a-

1. indicating movement towards something
2. (by extension) indicating a change of state
3. intensifying prefix
4. (deprecated use of |lang= parameter) Alternative form of es-

---

Old Irish

Prefix

1. him (triggers eclipsis)
2. it (triggers lenition)

Usage notes

This form merges with the prefixes ro-, no-, di-, to-, fo-, ar-, and imm- to form ra-, na-, da-, da-, fa-, ara-, imma- respectively. It disappears after the particle ní (“not”), its only trace being the mutation it causes (eclipsis in the case of the masculine, lenition in the case of the neuter), thus ní cara (does not love) vs. ní chara (does not love it), ní ben (does not strike) vs. ní mben (does not strike him).

---

Old Saxon

Etymology

From an earlier form ar-, from Proto-Germanic *uz-. Cognate with Стари Енглески a-, Old High German ar-, ir- (Немачки er-).

Pronunciation

• МФА^(кључ): /ɑː/

Prefix

ā-

1. forming words with the sense from, away, out, off, e.g. āniman

---

Phuthi

Etymology

From Proto-Nguni *á-, from Proto-Bantu *gá-.

Prefix

a- (medial wa-)

1. they; class 6 subject concord.

---

Polish

Etymology

From Антички Грчки ἀ- (a-) (ἀν- (an-) immediately preceding a vowel), from Пра-Индо-Европски *n̥- (“un-, not”), zero-grade form of *ne (“not”). Дублети of nie.

Pronunciation

• МФА^(кључ): /a/

Prefix

a-

1. forming words with the sense of negation

   ‎a- + ‎społeczny → ‎aspołeczny

Further reading

• a- in Polish dictionaries at PWN

---

Portuguese

Pronunciation

• МФА^(кључ): /ˌa/

Etymology 1

From Old Portuguese a-.

Prefix

a-

1. added to adjective X, forms verbs meaning to make/turn X

   a- + vermelho (“red”) + -ar → avermelhar (“to redden”)

   a- + baixo (“low”) + -ar → abaixar (“to lower”)

2. added to noun X, forms verbs meaning to cause or make X or to cause something to have X

   a- + pavor (“dread”) + -ar → apavorar (“to frighten”)

   a- + fama (“fame”) + -ar → afamar (“to make famous”)

Etymology 2

From Антички Грчки ἀ- (a-), from Пра-Индо-Европски *n̥-.

Prefix

a-

1. a- (not; without)

   Синоним: in-

---

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

From Антички Грчки ἀ- (a-) (ἀν- (an-) immediately preceding a vowel), from Пра-Индо-Европски *n̥- (“un-, not”), zero-grade form of *ne (“not”). Дублети of ne.

Prefix

a- (Ћирилица правопис а-)

1. Prefix prepended to words to denote a negation, deprivation or absence of a property denoted by base word.

   • ‎a- + ‎sȍcijālan → ‎ȁsocijālan
   • ‎a- + ‎simètrija → ‎asimètrija
   • ‎a- + ‎brahija → ‎abrahija

   Синонимs: bez-, ne-

References

• “a-” in Hrvatski jezični portal

---

Spanish

Etymology 1

From Латински ad-.

Prefix

a-

1. A prefix forming words, especially verbs, that denote entering a state, making progress toward a goal, or the like.

See also

• en-

Etymology 2

From Антички Грчки ἀ- (a-) (ἀν- (an-) immediately preceding a vowel; generalized from the many Latin borrowings using this prefix.

Prefix

a-

1. a-, non-, -less

---

Swazi

Etymology 1

From Proto-Bantu *à-.

Prefix

a- (medial ka-)

1. he, she, it; class 1 subject concord, used in the subjunctive and potential mood.

See also

• u- (in other cases)

Etymology 2

From Proto-Nguni *á-, from Proto-Bantu *gá-.

Prefix

a- (medial wa-)

1. they; class 6 subject concord.

Etymology 3

From Proto-Nguni *á-, from Proto-Bantu *gáá-.

Prefix

a-

1. of; class 6 possessive concord.

---

Xhosa

Etymology 1

From Proto-Nguni *á-, from Proto-Bantu *gá-.

Prefix

a- (medial wa-)

1. they; class 6 subject concord.

Etymology 2

From Proto-Nguni *á-, from Proto-Bantu *gáá-.

Prefix

a-

1. of; class 6 possessive concord.

Etymology 3

Prefix

a-

1. Class 6 relative concord.

Etymology 4

Prefix

a-

1. not

Usage notes

Used in the indicative mood, prefixed to the subject concord.

---

Zulu

Etymology 1

From Proto-Nguni *á-, from Proto-Bantu *à-.

Prefix

a- (medial ka-)

1. he, she, it; class 1 subject concord, used in the subjunctive and potential mood.

See also

• u- (in other cases)

Etymology 2

From Proto-Nguni *á-, from Proto-Bantu *gá-.

Prefix

a- (medial wa-)

1. they; class 6 subject concord.

Etymology 3

From Proto-Nguni *á-, from Proto-Bantu *gáá-.

Prefix

a-

1. of; class 6 possessive concord.

Etymology 4

Prefix

a-

1. Class 6 relative concord.

Etymology 5

Prefix

a-

1. not

Usage notes

Used in the indicative mood, prefixed to the subject concord.

Etymology 6

Prefix

a-

1. (deprecated use of |lang= parameter) Alternative form of ma- (hortative)

References

• C. M. Doke; B. W. Vilakazi (1972), “a-”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “a-”

a-

an-

a-

Префикс: a-

Порекло: Grčko

Примери:

amoralan ateist anemija

Изведене речи: a-

1. a- an- (G) bez ne amoralan ateist anemija (G)
2. ab- (L) od, iz, sa abnormalan, abdicirati
3. ad- ak- af- (L) ka adaptacija, akcenat, afera
4. aero- (L) vazduh aerodrom, aeronautika
5. amb- ambi- (G) oba ambivalencija
6. amfi- (G) okolo amfiteatar
7. ante- (L) pre ispred antecedens
8. anti- (G) protiv suprotno antibiotik antiklimaks
9. apo- (G) od raz- apokalipsa apoteoza
10. arh- (G) nad prvi pra- arhiepiskop arhaizam
11. aut- (E) izvan autsajder
12. auto- (G) sam samo- automat autobiograf
13. bene- (L) dobar beneficija
14. bi- (G) dva biseksualac bicikl
15. centi- cente- (L) sto centimetar
16. cirk- (L) okolo cirkulacija cirkular
17. de- (F) ukidanje padanje demobilizacija degradacija
18. deka- deci- (G) deset dekada decimala
19. demo- (G) narodno demokratija demografija
20. di- (G) dvostruko dva- dijada dijadema
21. dija- (G) kroz preko dijagnoza dijafragma
22. dis- (L) [[]]
23. duo- (G) [[]]
24. ek- (L) [[]]
25. eks- (L) [[]]
26. ekstra- (L) [[]]
27. ekvi- (L) [[]]
28. en- (G) [[]]
29. epi- (G) [[]]
30. heksa- (G) [[]]
31. hemi- (G) [[]]
32. hepta- (G) [[]]
33. hidra- hidro- (G) [[]]
34. hipo- (G) [[]]
35. hiper- (G) [[]]
36. homo- (L) [[]]
37. in- il- im- (L) [[]]
38. in- im- (L) [[]]
39. inter- (L) [[]]
40. intra- intro- (L) [[]]
41. izo- (G) [[]]
42. kata- (G) [[]]
43. ko- kom- (L) [[]]
44. kon- () [[]]
45. kontra- () [[]]
46. kvadra- kvadro- () [[]]
47. mal- () [[]]
48. meta- () [[]]
49. mono- () [[]]
50. multi- () [[]]
51. non- () [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]]
52. nekro-
53. neo-
54. op-
55. of-
56. okta- okto-
57. orto-
58. paleo-
59. pan-
60. para-
61. penta-
62. peri-
63. per-
64. poli-
65. post-
66. pra-
67. pre-
68. prim-
69. pro-
70. pro-
71. re-
72. retro-
73. semi-
74. sil-
75. sin-
76. sub-
77. super
78. tele-
79. ter-
80. tetra-
81. trans-
82. [[]]
83. tri- (L,G) tri trijada triangl
84. ultra- (L) izvan ultraljubičast ultrakratak
85. uni- (L) jedan univerzalan uniforma

Категорија:Prefiks