sum

Такође погледајте: Sum, súm, šum, и -sum

Енглески

Изговор

• (UK, US) enPR: sŭm, МФА^(кључ): /sʌm/

• Audio (US)

  (file)

• Риме: -ʌm
• Хомофон: some

Етимологија 1

Од Средњи Енглески summe, од Стари Француски summe, од Латински summa, feminine of summus (“highest”).

Именица

sum (plural sums)

1. A quantity obtained by addition or aggregation.

   The sum of 3 and 4 is 7.

   • (Can we date this quote?) Bible, Numbers i. 2

     Take ye the sum of all the congregation.

2. (often plural) An arithmetic computation, especially one posed to a student as an exercise (not necessarily limited to addition).

   We're learning about division, and the sums are tricky.

   • (Can we date this quote?) Charles Dickens

     a large sheet of paper […] covered with long sums

3. A quantity of money.

   a tidy sum

   the sum of forty pounds

   • (Can we date this quote?) Bible, Acts xxii. 28

     With a great sum obtained I this freedom.

4. A summary; the principal points or thoughts when viewed together; the amount; the substance; compendium.

   This is the sum of all the evidence in the case.

   This is the sum and substance of his objections.

5. A central idea or point.
6. The utmost degree.
   • (Can we date this quote?) John Milton

     Thus have I told thee all my state, and brought / My story to the sum of earthly bliss.

7. (obsolete) An old English measure of corn equal to the quarter.
   • 1882, James Edwin Thorold Rogers, A History of Agriculture and Prices in England, Volume 4, page 207:

     The sum is also used for the quarter, and the strike for the bushel.

Синоними

• (quantity obtained by addition or aggregation): amount, sum total, summation, total, totality
• (arithmetic computation): calculation, computation
• (quantity of money): amount, quantity of money, sum of money
• (summary): See summary
• (central idea or point): center/centre, core, essence, gist, heart, heart and soul, inwardness, kernel, marrow, meat, nub, nitty-gritty, pith substance
• (utmost degree): See summit
• (obsolete: old English measure of corn): quarter

Hyponyms

• checksum
• empty sum
• nullary sum

 

Изведени термини

• checksum
• zero-sum

 

Повезани термини

Terms etymologically related to sum

• a tidy sum
• summand
• summary
• summation
• summative
• sum up

 

Преводи

quantity obtained by addition or aggregation

• Arabic: مَجْمُوع‎‎ m (majmūʿ)
• Armenian: գումար (hy) (gumar)
• Bashkir: нәтижә (nätižä)
• Belarusian: су́ма f (súma)
• Bulgarian: су́ма (bg) f (súma)
• Catalan: suma (ca) f
• Cebuano: tingob, sumada
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 總和 (zh), 总和 (zh) (zǒnghé), 總數 (zh), 总数 (zh) (zǒngshù)

• Czech: součet (cs) m
• Dutch: som (nl) f
• Finnish: summa (fi)
• French: somme (fr) f
• Georgian: ჯამი (ǯami)
• German: Summe (de) f
• Greek: άθροισμα (el) n (áthroisma)
• Hebrew: סְכוּם‎‎ (he) m (s'khum)
• Hungarian: összeg (hu)
• Icelandic: summa f, samtala f
• Italian: somma (it) f
• Japanese: 総額 (ja) (そうがく, sōgaku)
• Korean: 합계 (hapgye), 총화 (chonghwa), 금액 (ko) (geumaek)
• Macedonian: сума f (suma), збир m (zbir)

• Maori: tapeke
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: sum (no) m

  Nynorsk: sum m

• Persian: مجموع‎‎ (fa) (majmu')
• Polish: suma (pl) f
• Portuguese: soma (pt) f
• Quechua: qullu
• Romanian: sumă (ro) f
• Russian: су́мма (ru) f (súmma)
• Scottish Gaelic: suim f
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: зби̑р m

  Roman: zbȋr (sh) m

• Slovak: súčet m
• Slovene: vsota f
• Spanish: suma (es) f, adición (es) f
• Swahili: jumla (sw)
• Swedish: summa (sv) c
• Tagalog: dagup
• Turkish: toplam (tr), yekûn (tr)
• Ukrainian: су́ма f (súma)
• Vietnamese: tổng số (vi)

arithmetic problem

• Dutch: rekensom (nl) f, som (nl) f
• Finnish: laskutehtävä
• French: calcul (fr) m
• Greek: πράξη (el) f (práxi)
• Italian: somma (it) f
• Norwegian: sum (no)

• Polish: suma (pl) f
• Portuguese: soma (pt) f, adição (pt) f
• Romanian: sumă (ro) f
• Russian: зада́ча (ru) f (zadáča)
• Swedish: matematikexempel n, matematikuppgift c, räkneuppgift (sv) c

quantity of money

• Arabic: مَبْلَغ‎‎ m (mablaḡ)
• Armenian: գումար (hy) (gumar)
• Catalan: suma (ca) f
• Cebuano: kantidad
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 金額 (zh), 金额 (zh) (jīn'é)

• Czech: suma (cs), částka (cs)
• Dutch: som (nl) f
• Finnish: summa (fi)
• French: somme (fr) f
• Galician: contía f
• Georgian: რაოდენობა (raodenoba), ოდენობა (odenoba)
• German: Summe (de) f
• Greek: ποσό (el) n (posó)
• Hebrew: סְכוּם‎‎ (he) m (s'khum)

• Icelandic: upphæð (is) f
• Italian: somma (it) f
• Japanese: 金額 (ja) (きんがく, kingaku)
• Korean: 금액 (ko) (geumaek), 액수 (ko) (aeksu)
• Maori: pūranga moni
• Norwegian: sum (no) m
• Polish: suma (pl) f
• Portuguese: quantia (pt) f
• Romanian: sumă (ro) f
• Russian: су́мма (ru) f (súmma)
• Scottish Gaelic: suim f
• Spanish: cantidad (es) f, suma (es) f
• Swedish: belopp (sv) n, summa (sv) c
• Turkish: meblağ (tr)

summary — see summary

central idea or point

• Russian: суть (ru) f (sutʹ)

• Swedish: kontenta (sv) c, kärna (sv) c

summit — see summit

obsolete: old English measure of corn

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables, removing any numbers. Numbers do not necessarily match those in definitions. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout#Translations.

Translations to be checked

• Latin: ^{(please verify)} summa f

• Telugu: ^{(please verify)} మొత్తం (te) (mottaṃ), ^{(please verify)} కూడిక (te) (kūḍika), ^{(please verify)} లెక్క (te) (lekka)

Видите такође

• addition, summation: (augend) + (addend) = (summand) + (summand) = (sum, total)
• subtraction: (minuend) − (subtrahend) = (difference)
• multiplication: (multiplier) × (multiplicand) = (factor) × (factor) = (product)
• division: (dividend) ÷ (divisor) = (quotient), remainder left over if divisor does not divide dividend

Глагол

sum (third-person singular simple present sums, present participle summing, simple past and past participle summed)

1. (transitive) To add together.
   • 2005, Plato, Sophist. Translation by Lesley Brown. 250b.

     when you say that stability and change are, it's because you're summing them up together as embraced by it, and taking note of the communion each of them has with being.

2. (transitive) To give a summary of.

Синоними

• (to add together): add, add together, add up, sum up, summate, tally, tot, tot up, total, tote up
• (to give a summary of): See summarize

Преводи

to add together

• Dutch: optellen (nl), bijeentellen
• Finnish: summata (fi), ynnätä (fi) (old), laskea yhteen
• French: additionner (fr)
• Georgian: აჯამვა (aǯamva)
• German: summieren (de)
• Greek: αθροίζω (el) (athroízo)

• Italian: sommare (it)
• Portuguese: somar (pt)
• Russian: сумми́ровать (ru) impf, pf (summírovatʹ), скла́дывать (ru) impf (skládyvatʹ), сложи́ть (ru) pf (složítʹ)
• Spanish: sumar (es)
• Swedish: addera (sv), summera (sv)
• Turkish: toplamak (tr)

give a summary of — see summarize

Референце

• sum на Википедији.Википедији

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Казашки сом (som), Киргиски сом (som), Uyghur سوم‎‎ (som), and Uzbek soʻm, all of which have the core signification “pure”, used in elliptical reference to historical coins of pure gold.

Alternative forms

• som, soum

Noun

sum (plural sums)

1. The basic unit of money in Kyrgyzstan.
2. The basic unit of money in Uzbekistan.

Translations

basic unit of money in Kyrgyzstan

• Kazakh: сом (som)
• Swedish: som (sv) c

• Uyghur: سوم‎‎ (som)

basic unit of money in Uzbekistan

• Kazakh: сом (som)
• Swedish: som (sv) c

• Uyghur: سوم‎‎ (som)

Etymology 3

Eye dialect spelling of some.

Pronoun

sum

1. (African American Vernacular) Eye dialect spelling of some.

Further reading

• sum in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913
• sum in The Century Dictionary, The Century Co., New York, 1911
• sum at OneLook Dictionary Search

Anagrams

• Mus, Muş, mu's, mus, mus', ums ^{(alphagram msu)}

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Aromanian

Alternative forms

• sun, su

Etymology

From Латински subtus, from sub. Compare Румунски sub.

Preposition

sum

1. under

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Czech

Etymology 1

Noun

sum

1. genitive множине of suma

Etymology 2

Noun

sum

1. genitive множине of sumo

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Faroese

Pronunciation

• МФА^(кључ): /sʊmː/
• Риме: -ʊmː

Conjunction

sum

1. like, as
2. when, as

Particle

sum (relative particle)

1. that, who, which

Synonyms

• ið

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Gothic

Romanization

sum

1. Romanization of 𐍃𐌿𐌼

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Icelandic

Pronunciation

• Риме: -ʏːm

Adjective

sum

1. inflection of sumur (“some”):
   1. nominative женског рода једнине
   2. nominative средњег рода множине
   3. accusative средњег рода множине

   Ég þekkti sum barnanna. ― I knew some of the children.

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Kavalan

Noun

sum

1. urine

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Латински

Етимологија

The present stem is from Proto-Italic *ezom, from Пра-Индо-Европски *h₁ésmi (“I am, I exist”). Cognates include Антички Грчки εἰμί (eimí), Санскрт अस्मि (ásmi), Стари Енглески eom (Енглески am). The perfect stem is from Proto-Italic *(fe)fūai, from Пра-Индо-Европски *bʰúHt (“to become, be”) (whence also fīō (“to become, to be made”), and future and imperfect inflections -bō, -bam).

Pronunciation

• (Classical) МФА^(кључ): /sum/, [sũ]
• (Ecclesiastical) МФА^(кључ): /sum/

• Audio (Classical)

  (file)

Verb

sum (present infinitive esse, perfect active fuī, future participle futūrus); irregular conjugation, no passive

1. (copulative) I am, exist, have (with dative)
   • Heauton Timorumenos (“The Self-Tormentor”) by Publius Terentius Afer

     Homo sum, humani nihil a me alienum puto.

     I am a man, I consider nothing that is human alien to me.

   • René Descartes

     Cogito, ergo sum.

     I think, therefore I am.

   • 63 BCE, Cicero, Catiline Orations (Latin text and English translations here)

     O di immortales, ubinam gentium sumus? Quam rem publicam habemus? In qua urbe vivimus?.

     O ye immortal gods, where on earth are we? What is the government we have? In what city do we live?

   • 121 CE, Suetonius, De vita Caesarum ("About the Life of the Caesars", commonly referred to as "The Twelve Caesars")

     Alea iacta est.

     The die is cast.

   • 405 CE, Jerome, Vulgate Exodus.20.12:

     Honora patrem tuum et matrem tuam, ut sis longaevus super terram, quam Dominus Deus tuus dabit tibi.

     Honour thy father and thy mother, that thou mayest be longlived upon the land which the Lord thy God will give thee.

   Civis romanus sum. ― I am a Roman citizen.

   Sum sine regno. ― I am without a kingdom.

   Dixit duas res ei rubori fuisse. ― He said that two things had abashed him.

   Mihi est multum tempus. ― I have a lot of time. (lit. A lot of time is to me.)

Conjugation

Conjugation of sum (highly irregular, suppletive, active only)
indicative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	sum	es	est	sumus	estis	sunt
	imperfect	eram	erās	erat	erāmus	erātis	erant
	future	erō	eris, ere	erit	erimus	eritis	erunt
	perfect	fuī	fuistī	fuit	fuimus	fuistis	fuērunt, fuēre
	pluperfect	fueram	fuerās	fuerat	fuerāmus	fuerātis	fuerant
	future perfect	fuerō	fueris	fuerit	fuerimus	fueritis	fuerint
subjunctive		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	sim	sīs	sit	sīmus	sītis	sint
	imperfect	essem, forem	essēs, forēs	esset, foret	essēmus, forēmus	essētis, forētis	essent, forent
	perfect	fuerim	fuerīs	fuerit	fuerīmus	fuerītis	fuerint
	pluperfect	fuissem	fuissēs	fuisset	fuissēmus	fuissētis	fuissent
imperative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	—	es	—	—	este	—
	future	—	estō	estō	—	estōte	suntō
non-finite forms		active			passive
		present	perfect	future	present	perfect	future
infinitives		esse	fuisse	futūrus esse, fore	—	—	—
participles		—	—	futūrus	—	—	—

Изведени термини

• absum
• adsum
• dēsum
• ēns
• essentia
• id est
• īnsum
• intersum
• mihi nōmen est
• nōn semper Sāturnālia erunt
• obsum
• possum
• praesum
• prōsum
• quid est?
• quid est nōmen tibi?
• quid tibi est?
• sōns
• subsum
• sum ubi
• supersum
• unde es?

 

Descendants

• Vulgar Latin: *sun (see there for further descendants)

References

• sum¹ in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• sum in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• 1 sum in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire Illustré Latin-Français, Hachette, pages 1,511–1,512
• Carl Meissner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
• sum in D. P. Simpson, Cassell's Latin Dictionary, Wiley Publishing, 1968

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Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology 1

From Латински summa

Noun

sum m (definite singular summen, indefinite plural summer, definite plural summene)

1. a sum (addition or aggregation)

   Hva er summen av 2+2?

   What's the sum of 2+2?

2. a sum (amount of money)

Derived terms

• leiesum
• pengesum

Etymology 2

From the verb summe

Noun

sum n (definite singular summet)

1. buzz (continuous noise)

Etymology 3

Verb

1. imperative of summe

References

• “sum” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

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Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology 1

From Латински summa

Noun

sum m (definite singular summen, indefinite plural summar, definite plural summane)

1. a sum (addition or aggregation)

   Kva er summen av 2+2?

   What's the sum of 2+2?

2. a sum (amount of money)

Derived terms

• pengesum

Etymology 2

From the verb summe

Noun

sum n (definite singular summet)

1. buzz (continuous noise)

Etymology 3

Noun

sum n (definite singular sumet, indefinite plural sum, definite plural suma)

1. an act of swimming

   Dei la på sum utover mot holmen.

   They started swimming towards the holm.

Etymology 4

Pronoun

sum m (feminine sum, neuter sumt, plural sume)

1. form removed with the spelling reform of 2012; superseded by som

References

• “sum” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

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Old English

Etymology

From Пра-Германски *sumaz, whence also Old High German sum, Old Norse sumr.

Pronunciation

• МФА^(кључ): /sum/

Pronoun

sum

1. some

Descendants

• Средњи Енглески: sum, som, some
  • Шкотски: sum, some
  • Енглески: some

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Old Saxon

Etymology

From Пра-Германски *sumaz, whence also Old English sum, Old Norse sumr

Pronoun

sum n

1. some

Declension

Declension of sum (strong only)

gender	masculine		neuter		feminine
case	singular	plural	singular	plural	singular	plural
nominative	sum	sume	sum	sume	sum	sumu
accusative	sumana	sume	sum	sume	suma	sumu
genitive	sumes	sumarō	sumes	sumarō	sumaro	sumarō
dative	sumumu	sumum	sumumu	sumum	sumaro	sumum

Descendants

• Middle Low German: som
  • Low German: sum

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Polish

sum (a catfish, Silurus glanis)

Etymology

From Прасловенски *somъ.

Pronunciation

• МФА^(кључ): /sum/

• audio

  (file)

Noun

sum m anim

1. European catfish

Declension

declension of sum

	singular	plural
nominative	sum	sumy
genitive	suma	sumów
dative	sumowi	sumom
accusative	suma	sumy
instrumental	sumem	sumami
locative	sumie	sumach
vocative	sumie	sumy

Noun

sum f pl

1. genitive множине of suma

Further reading

• sum in Polish dictionaries at PWN

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Shabo

Verb

sum

1. say

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Slovene

Pronunciation

• МФА^(кључ): /ˈsúːm/
• Tonal orthography: sȗm

Noun

súm

1. suspicion, mistrust

Declension

Деклинација од súm (masculine inan., hard o-stem)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	súm	súma	súmi
accusative	súm	súma	súme
genitive	súma	súmov	súmov
dative	súmu	súmoma	súmom
locative	súmu	súmih	súmih
instrumental	súmom	súmoma	súmi

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Vurës

Pronunciation

• МФА^(кључ): /sym/

Verb

sum

1. to drink