青

Такође погледајте: 靑

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Translingual

Редослед писања

Јапански редослед писања

Han character

青 (Kangxi radical 174, 靑+0, 8 strokes, cangjie input 手一月 (QMB), четири-угла 5022₇, composition ⿱龶月)

Derived characters

• Appendix:Chinese radical/靑
• 倩, 凊, 啨, 埥, 婧, 崝, 情, 掅, 清, 猜, 晴, 腈, 棈, 𭴼, 睛, 碃, 精, 綪(𬘬), 蜻, 請(请), 錆(锖), 郬, 寈, 菁, 箐, 圊

Related characters

• 靑 (Orthodox form in Kangxi dictionary, preferred form in Korean hanja)

References

• KangXi: не постоји, would follow page 1381, карактер 19
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: карактер 42564
• Dae Jaweon: страна 1893, карактер 1
• Hanyu Da Zidian: том 6, страна 4046, карактер 1
• Unihan data за U+9752

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Chinese

Glyph origin

Историјски облици карактера 青
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)		Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Ancient script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Знакови у истом фонетском низу (生) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Стари Кинески
猜
輤
綪
倩
棈
蒨
篟
生
牲
笙
甥
鉎
珄
鼪
猩
狌
眚
貹
崝
精
菁
鶄
蜻
鼱
婧
睛
箐
聙
旌
清
圊
請
凊
䝼
靚
情
晴
夝
靜
靖
睲
惺
性
姓
靗
鯖
青
靘
掅
胜
曐
星
鮏
腥
鯹
醒
篂

Ideogrammic compound (會意): 生 (“growth of plants”) + 丹 (“cinnabar”). Cinnabar was used for dyeing, and by extension, came to imply “color” in general, giving the combined meaning “color of growing plants” → “blue-green”.

In the modern glyph, the top component is reduced to 龶, and the bottom component resembles the unrelated 月 (“moon”).

The second-round simplified form of the character is based on the calligraphic form of the character.

Etymology 1

trad.		青/靑
simp.		青
2nd round simp.		𰀈
alternative forms		寈 㞭 𡗡 𡴏 𡴑 寈 㞭 𡗡 𡴏 𡴑 𡷉 𤯝 𤯞

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-riŋ ~ s-r(j)aŋ (“to live; to be alive; to give birth; raw; green”). Cognate with 生 (“to live”), 蒼 (“green; blue”), 性 (“nature”), 姓 (“surname”). Note 蒼 may be an old dialect variant of 青 (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation

• Мандарин

  (Стандард)

  (Пинјин): qīng (qing¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄑㄧㄥ

  (Chengdu, SP): qin¹

  (Dungan, Ћирилица and Wiktionary): чин (I)

• Кантонски

  (Guangzhou, Jyutping): ceng¹, cing¹

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): tiang¹, ten¹

• Ган (Викиречник): qiang¹ / qin¹
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): chhiâng / chhîn / chhiang

  (Meixian, Guangdong): qiang¹

• Jin (Wiktionary): qi¹ / qing¹
• Min Bei (KCR): cháng / chéng
• Min Dong (BUC): chăng / chĭng
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): chhiⁿ / chheⁿ / seⁿ / chheng / seng

  (Teochew, Peng'im): cên¹

• Wu (Wiktionary): qin (T1)
• Xiang (Wiktionary): cin¹

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• Мандарин
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Пинјин: qīng
    • Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄥ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ching
    • Tongyong Pinyin: cing
    • Wade–Giles: chʻing1
    • Sinological МФА ^(key): /t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: qin¹
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: kin
    • Sinological МФА ^(key): /t͡ɕʰin⁵⁵/
  • (Dungan)
    • Ћирилица and Викиречник: чин (I)
    • Sinological МФА ^(key): /t͡ɕʰĩ²⁴/

    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)

• Кантонски
  • (Стандард Кантонски, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: ceng¹, cing¹
    • Yale: chēng, chīng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tseng¹, tsing¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: céng¹, qing¹
    • Sinological МФА ^(key): /t͡sʰɛːŋ⁵⁵/, /t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵/

Нота:

• ceng1 - vernacular for referring colour (e.g. 青光眼);
• cing1 - literary.

• (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  • Викиречник: tiang¹, ten¹
  • Sinological МФА ^(key): /tʰiaŋ³³/, /tʰen³³/

Нота:

• tiang1 - vernacular;
• ten1 - literary.

Gan

• (Nanchang)
  • Wiktionary: qiang¹ / qin¹
  • Sinological МФА ^(key): /t͡ɕʰiaŋ⁴²/, /t͡ɕʰin⁴²/

Нота:

• qiang1 - vernacular;
• qin1 - literary.

Hakka

• (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhiâng / chhîn / chhiang
  • Hakka Romanization System: qiang´ / qin´ / qiang
  • Hagfa Pinyim: qiang¹ / qin¹ / qiang⁴
  • IPA: /t͡ɕʰi̯aŋ²⁴/, /t͡ɕʰin²⁴/, /t͡ɕʰi̯aŋ⁵⁵/
• (Meixian)
  • Guangdong: qiang¹
  • IPA: /t͡ɕʰiaŋ⁴⁴/

Нота:

• Sixian:
  • chhiâng - vernacular;
  • chhîn - literary.

Jin

• (Taiyuan)⁺
  • Викиречник: qi¹ / qing¹
  • Sinological МФА (old-style): /t͡ɕʰi¹¹/, /t͡ɕʰĩŋ¹¹/

Нота:

• qi1 - vernacular (e.g. 青菜);
• qing1 - literary.

Min Bei

• (Jian'ou)
  • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: cháng / chéng
  • Sinological МФА ^(key): /t͡sʰaŋ⁵⁴/, /t͡sʰeiŋ⁵⁴/

Нота:

• cháng - vernacular;
• chéng - literary.

Min Dong

• (Fuzhou)
  • Bàng-uâ-cê: chăng / chĭng
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰaŋ⁵⁵/, /t͡sʰiŋ⁵⁵/

Нота:

• chăng - vernacular;
• chĭng - literary.

Мин Нан

• (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei, Lukang, Sanxia, Kinmen, Magong, Hsinchu)
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhiⁿ
  • Tâi-lô: tshinn
  • Phofsit Daibuun: chvy
  • МФА (Quanzhou, Lukang): /t͡ɕʰĩ³³/
  • МФА (Xiamen, Taipei, Kinmen): /t͡ɕʰĩ⁴⁴/
• (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Yilan, Taichung)
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chheⁿ
  • Tâi-lô: tshenn
  • Phofsit Daibuun: zhvef
  • МФА (Kaohsiung, Tainan, Yilan): /t͡sʰẽ⁴⁴/
  • МФА (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰɛ̃⁴⁴/
• (Hokkien: Zhangpu)
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: seⁿ
  • Tâi-lô: senn
  • Phofsit Daibuun: svef
  • МФА (Zhangpu): /sɛ̃⁵⁵/
• (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chheng
  • Tâi-lô: tshing
  • Phofsit Daibuun: zhefng
  • МФА (Quanzhou): /t͡ɕʰiɪŋ³³/
  • МФА (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡ɕʰiɪŋ⁴⁴/
• (Hokkien: Zhangpu)
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: seng
  • Tâi-lô: sing
  • Phofsit Daibuun: sefng
  • МФА (Zhangpu): /sɛŋ⁵⁵/

Нота:

• chhiⁿ/chheⁿ/seⁿ - vernacular;
• chheng/seng - literary.

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: cên¹
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsheⁿ
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰẽ³³/

Wu

• (Shanghainese)
  • Wiktionary: qin (T1)
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰɪɲ⁵³/

Xiang

• (Changsha)
  • Wiktionary: cin¹
  • Sinological IPA ^(key) (old-style): /t͡sʰin³³/
  • Sinological IPA ^(key) (new-style): /t͡ɕʰin³³/

Definitions

青

1. blue-green; blue (of sky, stone etc.); green (of grass, plants, mountain etc.)

   青天  ―  qīngtiān  ―  blue sky

   青筋  ―  qīngjīn  ―  blue veins

   青草  ―  qīngcǎo  ―  green grass

   青山綠水 / 青山绿水  ―  qīngshānlǜshuǐ  ―  green hills and rivers

2. blue-green ("grue")-colored items
   1. green grass

      踏青  ―  tàqīng  ―  to go on an outing to the countryside during spring

   2. crops that have not yet ripened

      青黃不接 / 青黄不接  ―  qīnghuángbùjiē  ―  (please add an English translation of this example)

3. black (of hair, cloth, silk thread etc.)

   青絲 / 青丝  ―  qīngsī  ―  black hair

4. (Min Nan) green

   青紅燈 / 青红灯 [Min Nan]  ―  青-âng-teng [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]  ―  traffic light

5. young; adolescent

   青年  ―  qīngnián  ―  youth; adolescence

   青春  ―  qīngchūn  ―  youth

6. Short for 青年.

   老中青  ―  lǎozhōngqīng  ―  the old, the middle-aged and the young

   知青  ―  zhīqīng  ―  zhiqing, ""educated youth"

   覺青 / 觉青  ―  juéqīng  ―  "politically-awakened youth"

7. (literary, obsolete) east
8. (literary, obsolete) spring
9. Short for 青海 (“Qinghai Province”).

   青藏鐵路 / 青藏铁路  ―  Qīng Cáng tiělù  ―  Qinghai-Tibet Railway

10. A презиме​..

Usage notes

The meaning for “blue” and “black” is more commonly used in Classical Chinese, while in modern Chinese, the meaning for “green” is more common. In fact, 青 covered both green and blue ("grue") until modern times. For example, 青山綠水 (“hill or water green in color”), 青蘋果 (“green apple”). However, there are still some expressions for the meaning of blue, e.g. 青天 (“blue sky”), 青出於藍 (“blue comes from indigo; someone performing better than their teacher”)

In Cantonese, the use of 青 to mean “black” is still used in circumstances where to use 黑 (hak1) would be inauspicious, as it is a near-homophone of 乞 (hat1, “beggar”). For example, 黑衣 (hak1 ji1) used to describe clothing would be a near-homophone of both beggar and a beggar's garment.

See also

• 藍／蓝
• 蒼／苍
• 紺／绀
• 碧

Compounds

• Види 青/изведени термини § Blue-green (Chinese).

Descendants

• Види 青/изведени термини § Blue-green (Chinese).

Pronunciation

• Мандарин

  (Пинјин): jīng (jing¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄥ

• Кантонски (Jyutping): zing¹

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• Мандарин
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Пинјин: jīng
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄥ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jing
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jing
    • Wade–Giles: ching1
    • Sinological МФА ^(key): /t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵/
• Кантонски
  • (Стандард Кантонски, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: zing¹
    • Yale: jīng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dzing¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: jing¹
    • Sinological МФА ^(key): /t͡sɪŋ⁵⁵/

Definitions

青

1. Шаблон:zh-alt form

   Used in 青青.

Etymology 2

trad.		青
simp. #		青

Pronunciation

• Min Nan (POJ): chhiⁿ

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• Мин Нан
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhiⁿ
    • Tâi-lô: tshinn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: chvy
    • МФА (Xiamen): /t͡ɕʰĩ⁴⁴/
    • МФА (Quanzhou): /t͡ɕʰĩ³³/
    • МФА (Zhangzhou): /t͡ɕʰĩ⁴⁴/
    • МФА (Taipei): /t͡ɕʰĩ⁴⁴/
    • МФА (Kaohsiung): /t͡ɕʰĩ⁴⁴/

Definitions

青

1. (Hokkien) Alternative form of 鮮／鲜 (chhiⁿ).
   1. fresh

      • 我欲尚青的現撈仔 [Taiwanese, trad.]
        我欲尚青的现捞仔 [Taiwanese, simp.]

        From: 2014, 浩角翔起 (lyricist 浩子), 媽媽的菜

        góa beh siōng chhiⁿ ê hiān-lâu-á [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]

        I want the freshest catch

      • 吃遍了山珍海味　寶島上青 [Taiwanese, trad.]
        吃遍了山珍海味　宝岛上青 [Taiwanese, simp.]

        From: 2017, 蔡佳麟 (lyricist 郭之儀), 人情味

        Chia̍h phiàn liáu san-tin-hái-bī; Pó-tó siōng chhiⁿ [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]

        After eating all kinds of delicacies, Formosa's are the freshest

   2. (of clothes) bright; pretty; neat

      • 洋裝青青　歡喜要來去約會 [Taiwanese, trad.]
        洋装青青　欢喜要来去约会 [Taiwanese, simp.]

        From: 1991, 羅時豐 and 李芳雯 (lyricist 李子恆), 西北雨請你慢且落

        iûⁿ-chong chhiⁿ--chhiⁿ; hoaⁿ-hí beh lâi-khì iok-hōe [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]

        With a pretty suit, happy to go to a date

References

• Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A04499
• Multi-function Chinese Character Database (漢語多功能字庫)
• “Entry #4515”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (in Chinese and Min Nan), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2011.

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Japanese

Shinjitai	青
Kyūjitai	靑

Kanji

青

(grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

1. green
2. blue
3. immature, unripe, young
4. publication, record
5. east
6. cyan

Readings

• Go-on: しょう (shō, Jōyō ^†)^{←しやう (syau, historical)}
• Kan-on: せい (sei, Jōyō)
• Sō-on: しい (shii)
• Kun: あお (ao, 青, Jōyō)^{←あを (awo, historical)}; あおい (aoi, 青い, Jōyō)^{←あをい (awoi, historical)}; さお (sao, 青)^{←さを (sawo, historical)}
• Nanori: お (o); きよ (kiyo); はる (haru)

Compounds

• Види 青/изведени термини § Kanji.

Etymology 1

Kanji за овај терм
青
あお Степен: 1
kun’yomi

Alternative spelling
靑 (kyūjitai)

/sawo/ (uncertain, may be compound as opposed to root) → /awo/ → /ao/

From Стари Јапански, ultimately from Proto-Japonic *awo.

Appears as the latter part in older compounds with an -s- infix or prefix. It is unclear if this leading /s/ is indicative of an earlier form (sawo), or if this was an addition for euphony to avoid vowel clusters, or for other reasons. This /s/ is also seen in 雨 (ame, “rain”, becoming same in old compounds) and 稲 (ine, “rice”, becoming shine in old compounds).

Given that this /s/ only ever appears interstitially, and given the semantics, this /s/ may be cognate with Корејски interfix ㅅ (-s-) used to mark possession; compare Шаблон:nc.

Pronunciation

• Kun’yomi
  • (Tokyo) あ​お [áꜜò] (Atamadaka – [1])
  • МФА^(кључ): [a̠o̞]

  • Аудио

    (file)

• (Kyoto) あお [àóꜜ]

Noun

青(あお) (ao) ^{←あを (awo)?}

1. blue
   1. one of three primary colors
   2. a shade of blue to blue green
2. (dated) green

   青(あお)林(りん)檎(ご)

   ao ringo

   green apple

3. Short for 青信号 (ao-shingō): green light Галицијски

   Antonym: 赤 (aka)

4. the black, bluish color of a horse's hair; also, such a horse
   • Шаблон:RQ:Nippo Jisho

     Auo. アヲ (青) 馬の毛色で, 全体に黒くて青みがあり, 両耳の内側に多少白いところのあるもの. この部分の毛も他の部分と同じようにすっかり黒い時には, Curo(黒)と呼ばれる.

   Синоним: 青毛 (aoge)

5. (card games) Short for 青短, 青丹 (aotan): one of the three hanafuda cards bearing a blue 短冊 (tanzaku, “narrow card used for poetry”); a 役 (yaku) of the three aotan cards, worth 3 points
6. (card games) a blue card in 天正カルタ (Tenshō karuta)
7. Short for 青本 (aohon): Овај израз захтева дефиницију. Молим вас помозите и додајте превод, затим уклоните текст {{rfdef}}.
8. Short for 青銭 (aosen): Овај израз захтева дефиницију. Молим вас помозите и додајте превод, затим уклоните текст {{rfdef}}.

Derived terms

• Види 青/изведени термини § Blue (Japanese).

Proverbs

• 青(あお)は藍(あい)より出(い)でて藍(あい)より青(あお)し (ao wa ai yori idete ai yori aoshi)

Prefix

青(あお) (ao-) ^{←あを (awo)?}

1. unripe, young

Derived terms

Изведени термини

• 青(あお)臭(くさ)い (aokusai, “inexperienced”)
• 青(あお)侍(さぶらい) (aosaburai), 青(あお)侍(ざむらい) (aozamurai)
• 青(あお)大(だい)将(しょう) (ao-daishō)
• 青(あお)二(に)才(さい) (ao-nisai, “greenhorn”)
• 青(あお)女(にょう)房(ぼう) (ao-nyōbō)

Proper noun

青(あお) (ao) ^{←あを (awo)?}

1. a female given name
2. a презиме​.

Etymology 2

Kanji за овај терм
青
せい Степен: 1
on’yomi

Alternative spelling
靑 (kyūjitai)

From Средњи Кинески 青.

Pronunciation

• On’yomi: Kan’on
  • МФА^(кључ): [se̞ː]

Noun

青(せい) (sei) 

1. the color blue

Proper noun

青(せい) (sei) 

1. a female given name
2. a презиме​.

Etymology 3

Kanji за овај терм
青
しい Степен: 1
sōon

Alternative spelling
靑 (kyūjitai)

Unknown. The reading might be an obscure term from Стари Јапански or dialect. The use of the character 青 arises from its 宋音 (sōon, “Song-dynasty pronunciation”).

Noun

青(しい) (shii) 

1. (rare, archaic, mythology) a beast that looks like a weasel, and is said to have lived in present-day Fukuoka and Yamaguchi prefectures
2. (rare, archaic, mythology) a beast that looks like a wolf, and is said to have appeared around Mount Yoshino

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Korean

Hanja

青 (eumhun 푸를 청 (pureul cheong))

1. Alternative form of 靑 (“blue; green”)

References

• Supreme Court of the Republic of Korea (대한민국 대법원, Daehanmin'guk Daebeobwon) (2018). Table of hanja for personal names (인명용 한자표 / 人名用漢字表, Inmyeong-yong hanja-pyo), page 42. [1]

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Vietnamese

Han character

1. green
2. blue

References

• Nom Foundation