良い

Јапански

Етимологија 1

Kanji in this term
良
よ Степен: 4
kun’yomi

Alternative spellings
善い 好い 吉い 佳い 宜い 可い

Modern form of Old Japanese adjective よし (yoshi).

/joɕi/ (classical 終止形 (shūshikei) or terminal form) → /joki/ (classical 連体形 (rentaikei) or attributive form) → /joi/ (modern shūshikei and rentaikei)

Alternative forms

• (classical Japanese) よし (yoshi), えし (eshi)
• (standard Japanese, more informal) いい (ii)
• (literary) えい (ei)
• (dialect) ええ (ē)

Pronunciation

• Tokyo pitch accent of inflected forms of "良い"

Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Continuative (連用形)	良く	よ​く	[yóꜜkù]
Terminal (終止形)	良い	よ​い	[yóꜜì]
Attributive (連体形)	良い	よ​い	[yóꜜì]
Key constructions
Informal negative	良くない	よ​くない	[yóꜜkùnàì]
Informal past	良かった	よ​かった	[yóꜜkàttà]
Informal negative past	良くなかった	よ​くなかった	[yóꜜkùnàkàttà]
Formal	良いです	よ​いです	[yóꜜìdèsù]
Conjunctive	良くて	よ​くて	[yóꜜkùtè]
Conditional	良ければ	よ​ければ	[yóꜜkèrèbà]

Adjective

1. good

   Антонимs: 悪い, 駄目

Usage notes

• Most often written in hiragana. The kanji spelling is generally reserved for more formal writing.

Inflection

Inflection of 良い

Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形)	良かろ	よかろ
Continuative (連用形)	良く	よく
Terminal (終止形)	良い	よい
Attributive (連体形)	良い	よい
Hypothetical (仮定形)	良けれ	よけれ
Imperative (命令形)	良かれ	よかれ
Key constructions
Informal negative	良くない	よくない
Informal past	良かった	よかった
Informal negative past	良くなかった	よくなかった
Formal	良いです	よいです
Formal negative	良くないです	よくないです
Formal past	良かったです	よかったです
Formal negative past	良くなかったです	よくなかったです
Conjunctive	良くて	よくて
Conditional	良ければ	よければ
Provisional	良かったら	よかったら
Volitional	良かろう	よかろう
Adverbial	良く	よく
Degree	良さ	よさ

Classical conjugation of "良し" (ク活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形)	良く[1] 良から[2]	よく よから	yoku yokara
Continuative (連用形)	良く[1] 良かり[2]	よく よかり	yoku yokari
Terminal (終止形)	良し	よし	yosi
Attributive (連体形)	良き 良かる	よき よかる	yoki yokaru
Realis (已然形)	良けれ	よけれ	yokere
Imperative (命令形)	良かれ	よかれ	yokare
Key constructions
Negative	良からず	よからず	yokarazu
Contrasting conjunction	良けれど	よけれど	yokeredo
Causal conjunction	良ければ	よければ	yokereba
Conditional conjunction	良くば	よくば	yokuba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge)	良かりき	よかりき	yokariki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge)	良かりけり	よかりけり	yokarikeri
Adverbial	良く	よく	yoku
[1]Without auxiliary verb. [2]With auxiliary verb.

Derived terms

• 頭(あたま)が良(よ)い (atama ga yoi), 頭(あたま)がよい (atama ga yoi): bright, intelligent

Suffix

良(よ)い or 良い(suffix) (yoi or suffix) [[Category:Јапански Шаблон:error|よい]]

1. easy

Usage notes

• Most often written in hiragana. The kanji spelling is generally reserved for more formal writing.
• Attaches to the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of a verb. Example:

  読(よ)み良(よ)い ― ― easy to read

However, in modern Japanese, the adjective 安い, 易い (yasui, “easy, easygoing”) is more commonly used to express this meaning.

Етимологија 2

Kanji in this term
良
え Степен: 4
kun’yomi

Alternative spellings
善い 好い

Phonetic shift from the Old Japanese yoshi form of yoi above. Already in use as early as the Nihon Shoki, circa 720, then becoming common in eastern Japanese from the Edo period. This form is now obsolete, though it may still be found in some dialects.

/joɕi/ (classical 終止形 (shūshikei) or terminal form) → /eɕi/ (classical 終止形 (shūshikei) or terminal form) → /eki/ (classical 連体形 (rentaikei) or attributive form) → /ei/ (modern shūshikei and rentaikei)

Adjective

1. (obsolete) good

Етимологија 3

Kanji in this term
良
い Степен: 4
kun’yomi

Alternative spellings
善い 好い

Phonetic shift from ei above. This is now the most common form used in casual spoken Japanese.

/ei/ → /ii/

Pronunciation

• Tokyo pitch accent of inflected forms of "いい"

Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Continuative (連用形)	よく	よ​く	[yóꜜkù]
Terminal (終止形)	いい	い​い	[íꜜì]
Attributive (連体形)	いい	い​い	[íꜜì]
Key constructions
Informal negative	よくない	よ​くない	[yóꜜkùnàì]
Informal past	よかった	よ​かった	[yóꜜkàttà]
Informal negative past	よくなかった	よ​くなかった	[yóꜜkùnàkàttà]
Formal	いいです	い​いです	[íꜜìdèsù]
Conjunctive	よくて	よ​くて	[yóꜜkùtè]
Conditional	よければ	よ​ければ	[yóꜜkèrèbà]

Adjective

1. (colloquial, informal) good
2. (colloquial, predicative only) enough; not wanted any more.

   酒(さけ)はもういい

   sake wa mō ii

   I have had enough wine/I don't want any more wine.

Usage notes

• Most often written in hiragana. The kanji spelling is generally reserved for more formal writing.
• The ii form does not inflect — it is only used in the 終止形 (shūshikei, “terminal form”) and 連体形 (rentaikei, “attributive form”) of ii. All other grammatical forms are based on the yoi form above. Compare the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or adverbial form”) yoku or the 過去形 (kakokei, “past tense”) yokatta: there is no *iku or *ikatta form.
• In ironic usages denoting "very bad; embarrassing", the ii form is preferred to the yoi form.

Inflection

Inflection of 良い

Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形)	よかろ
Continuative (連用形)	よく
Terminal (終止形)	いい
Attributive (連体形)	いい
Hypothetical (仮定形)	よけれ
Imperative (命令形)	よかれ
Key constructions
Informal negative	よくない
Informal past	よかった
Informal negative past	よくなかった
Formal	いいです
Formal negative	よくないです
Formal past	よかったです
Formal negative past	よくなかったです
Conjunctive	よくて
Conditional	よければ
Provisional	よかったら
Volitional	よかろう
Adverbial	よく
Degree	よさ

Derived terms

• 頭(あたま)が良(い)い (atama ga ii), 頭(あたま)がいい (atama ga ii): bright, intelligent