-al

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Jezici (24)

Abenaki • Asturian • Catalan • Danish • Dutch • Esperanto • French • German • Hungarian • K'iche' • Latin • Lepontic • Malay • Manx • Middle English • Munsee • Norman • Norwegian Nynorsk • Old French • Polish • Portuguese • Romanian • Spanish • Swedish

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Strana kategorija

Engleski

Sistem

en+ng=eng

Etymology 1

From Srednji Engleski -al, from the Latinski adjective suffix -ālis, or French, Middle French and Old French -el, -al.

Alternative forms

• -all (obsolete)
• -ual

Izgovor

• MFA^(ključ): /əl/, [l̩], [ɫ̩]

• Audio (Southern England):

  (file)

Suffix

-al

1. Of or pertaining to. Adjectival suffix appended to various words, often nouns, to make an adjective form. Often added to words of Latin origin, but used with other words also.

   ‎base + ‎-al → ‎basal

   ‎cranium + ‎-al → ‎cranial

2. Forming nouns, especially of verbal action.

   ‎propose + ‎-al → ‎proposal

   ‎deny + ‎-al → ‎denial

   ‎bestow + ‎-al → ‎bestowal

Usage notes

If the root word contains l, the variant -ar is often used instead (e.g. solar, lunar, columnar, lumbar), unless the root contains r after the l (lateral, plural). Sometimes both forms are found: linear, lineal. One also sees -ial, as in manorial.

As nominalizer, some verbs have two corresponding nouns, one ending in -al and the other in -tion/-sion (more common suffix), with one or the other being more common, sometimes with different nuances. Notable examples: disposition/disposal (dispose), proposition/proposal (propose), submission/submittal (submit), transmission/transmittal (transmit). Some superficial pairs are actually of different origin, notably reversion/reversal (revert/reverse, not both from reverse).

Derived terms

• (of or pertaining to): Category:English terms suffixed with -al
• (forming nouns, especially of verbal action.): arousal, arrival, bestowal, betrothal, denial, disposal, proposal, rental, rival, reversal, removal, subdual, submittal, transmittal
• -ical

See also

• -an
• -ar
• -ate
• -esque
• -ese
• -id
• -ian
• -ing
• -ish
• -like
• -oid
• -ory
• -ous
• -ship
• -tion (-ion, -sion)
• -ure
• -y

Etymology 2

Back-formation from aldehyde..

Pronunciation

• MFA^(ključ): /æl/

Suffix

-al

1. (organic chemistry) Forms the names of aldehydes.

Translations

aldehyde

• Danish: -al
• Dutch: -al (nl)
• Galician: -al (gl)
• Hungarian: -al (hu)
• Swedish: -al (sv)

Anagrams

• L. A., L.A., LA, La, La-, La., la, lä ^{(alphagram al)}

Abenaki

Suffix

-al

1. A suffix used to form the plurals of inanimate words.

   pessimen (“currant”) → pessimenal (“currants”)

   wôbigen (“it is white”) → wôbigenal (“they are white”)

Usage notes

• -al is the most common suffix used to form the plurals of inanimate words, including most body parts and some words ending in the vowel a.
• See the usage notes at -ak.

Asturian

Etymology

Nasleđeno od Latinski -ālis.

Suffix

1. -al Galicijski

Derived terms

Kategorija Asturian termm suffixed with -al nije pronađena

Catalan

Etymology

Nasleđeno od Latinski -ālis.

Pronunciation

• MFA^(ključ): (Central, Balearic, Valencia) [ˈal]

Suffix

-al m or f (adjective-forming suffix, masculine and feminine plural -als)

1. in adjectives, indicating relation

   ‎estructura<t:structure> + ‎-al → ‎estructural<t:structural>

Derived terms

Kategorija Katalonski termm suffixed with -al nije pronađena

Danish

Suffix

1. (organic chemistry) -al

Dutch

Pronunciation

• MFA^(ključ): /ɑl/

• Audio:

  (file)

Suffix

-al

1. (organic chemistry) -al

Synonyms

• oxo-

Derived terms

Kategorija Holandski termm suffixed with -al nije pronađena

Esperanto

Pronunciation

• Audio:

  (file)

Suffix

-al

1. for [...] reason (ending for correlatives of reason)

Derived terms

• alial (“for another reason”)
• ĉial (“for every reason”)
• ial (“for any/some reason”)
• kial (“for what reason, why”)
• nenial (“for no reason”)
• tial (“for that reason, therefore”)

 

French

Etymology

Nasleđeno od Middle French -al, from Stari Francuski -al, borrowed from Latinski -ālis. Dubleti of -el, which is inherited.

Pronunciation

• MFA^(ključ): /al/

• Audio:

  (file)

Suffix

-al

1. -al; appended to various words, often nouns, to make an adjective form; often added to words of Latin origin, but used with other words also

Derived terms

Kategorija Francuski termm suffixed with -al nije pronađena

Descendants

• Norwegian Bokmål: -al
• → Turski: -al (learned)

German

Etymology

Pozajmljeno od Latinski -ālis.

Pronunciation

• MFA^(ključ): [aːl]

• Audio:

  (file)

Suffix

-al

1. pertaining to, using; adjectival suffix appended to nouns

Derived terms

Kategorija Nemački termm suffixed with -al nije pronađena

Hungarian

Etymology

From Afrikans.

Pronunciation

• MFA^(ključ): [ɒl]

Suffix

-al

1. (verb-forming suffix) Added to a noun to form a verb.

   ‎szárny (“a wing”) + ‎-al → ‎szárnyal (“to soar”)

2. (noun-forming suffix) Added to a verb to form a noun. No longer productive in this role.

   ‎von (“to pull”) + ‎-al → ‎vonal (“line”)

3. (organic chemistry) -al Galicijski

   etanal ― ethanal

Usage notes

• (noun-forming suffix) Variants:

  -al is added to back-vowel words

  -el is added to front-vowel words

Derived terms

Kategorija Mađarski verbm suffixed with -al nije pronađena

Kategorija Mađarski nounm suffixed with -al nije pronađena

See also

• Appendix:Hungarian suffixes

K'iche'

Pronunciation

• MFA^(ključ): /aːl/

Suffix

-al

1. Forms nouns from adjectives

   ‎tew (“cold”) + ‎-al → ‎tewal (“coldness”)

   ‎k’ak’ (“new”) + ‎-al → ‎k’ak’al (“youngster”)

2. Forms nouns from -aj verb suffix

   ‎mujaj (“to shade”) + ‎-al → ‎mujaj (“shadow”)

   ‎q’ebaj (“to go across”) + ‎-al → ‎q’ebal (“large earthen jar”)

3. Forms nouns from adverbs

   ‎nojim (“slowly”) + ‎-al → ‎nojimal (“slowness”)

   ‎nabe (“firstly”) + ‎-al → ‎nabeal (“firstborn”)

4. Forms nouns from nouns

   ‎k’o’x (“gourd cup”) + ‎-al → ‎k’o’xal (“shell of a dead animal”)

   ‎süb (“tamalito of corn”) + ‎-al → ‎sübal (“pot for making tamales”)

References

• Allen J. Christenson, Kʼiche-English dictionary

Latin

Alternative forms

• -āle
• -ar, -āre (when preceded by l)

Etymology

From apocope of final e in -āle, neuter of -ālis.

Suffix

-al

1. noun-forming suffix

Declension

Third declension neuter “pure” i-stem..

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	-al	-ālia
Genitive	-ālis	-ālium
Dative	-ālī	-ālibus
Accusative	-al	-ālia
Ablative	-ālī	-ālibus
Vocative	-al	-ālia

Derived terms

Kategorija Latinski termm suffixed with -al nije pronađena

Lepontic

Suffix

-al

1. Romanization of -𐌀𐌋

Malay

Etymology

Pozajmljeno od Engleski -al.

Pronunciation

• MFA^(ključ): [-əl], [-al]
• Hifenacija: -al

Suffix

-al (Jawi spelling -ل)

1. -al

   konvensional ― conventional

Derived terms

Kategorija Malajski termm suffixed with -al nije pronađena

Manx

Alternative forms

• -ail

Etymology 1

Extracted from goaill.

Suffix

1. suffix used to form verbal nouns

Etymology 2

Extracted from goaill.

Suffix

1. suffix used productively to form denominative verbs and their associated verbal nouns

   ‎yiarn (“iron”) + ‎-al → ‎yiarnal (“to iron”)

   ‎post (“post”) + ‎-al → ‎postal (“to post”)

Etymology 3

From Middle Irish -amail (compare Irski -úil, Scottish Gaelic -ail, -eil), from Old Irish -amail.

Suffix

1. An adjectival suffix applied to various words, usually nouns, to make an adjective.

Derived terms

Kategorija Manx termm suffixed with -al nije pronađena

See also

• -ee

Middle English

Alternative forms

• -ale, -all, -alle, -eel, -el, -ele, -ell, -elle

Etymology

Borrowed from Stari Francuski -al, -el and its source Latinski -ālis.

Pronunciation

• MFA^(ključ): /-al/, /-aːl/, /-ɛl/, /-ɛːl/

Suffix

-al

1. (chiefly not productive) Forms adjectives from Latin and Romance vocabulary.

Derived terms

Kategorija Srednji Engleski termm suffixed with -al nije pronađena

Descendants

• Engleski: -al
• Škotski: -al

References

• “-al” in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved MED988.

Munsee

Suffix

-al

1. A suffix used to form the plurals of inanimate words.

   síipuw (“river”) → siipúwal (“rivers”)

   máxkeew (“it is red”) → maxkéewal (“they are red”)

Usage notes

• -al is the most common suffix used to form the plurals of inanimate words, including most body parts and some words ending in the vowel a.

Norman

Etymology

From Stari Francuski -al, from Latinski -ālis.

Suffix

-al

1. -al (of or pertaining to; adjectival suffix appended to various words, often nouns, to make an adjective form)

Derived terms

Kategorija Norman termm suffixed with -al nije pronađena

Norwegian Nynorsk

Alternative forms

• -all (pre-1917)

Etymology

From Old Norse -all in adjectives like þagall and gamall, from Pra-Germanski *-alaz.

Suffix

1. Forms adjectives from verbs meaning “doing” or “pertaining to doing” the verb.

   ‎våga (“dare”) + ‎-al → ‎vågal (“daring, risky”)

Derived terms

• blåsal
• brekal
• frostal
• grinal
• gråtal
• hatal (“hateful”)
• heftal
• krakal
• lidal
• vågal
• yppal

Related terms

• atal (< atall)
• gamal
• kostal
• tagal

References

• Šablon:R:ND
• Šablon:R:Aasen

Old French

Alternative forms

• -el

Etymology

Borrowed from Latinski -ālis. Compare the inherited -el.

Suffix

-al

1. suffix used to form adjectives from nouns

   mesnal (from mesnee) ― domestic; household

Descendants

• Middle French: -al
  • Francuski: -al

Polish

Etymology

Nasleđeno od Pra-Slovenski *-aľь.

Pronunciation

• MFA^(ključ): /al/
• Rime: -al
• Syllabification: al

Suffix

-al m

1. forms masculine nouns, usually augmentative in nature

   ‎nos + ‎-al → ‎nochal

Declension

Animate/personal:

declension of -al

	singular	plural
nominative	-al	-ale
genitive	-ala	-ali
dative	-alowi	-alom
accusative	-ala	-ali
instrumental	-alem	-alami
locative	-alu	-alach
vocative	-alu	-ale

Inanimate:

declension of -al

	singular	plural
nominative	-al	-ale
genitive	-alu	-ali
dative	-alowi	-alom
accusative	-al	-ale
instrumental	-alem	-alami
locative	-alu	-alach
vocative	-alu	-ale

Surnames:

declension of -al

	singular	plural
nominative	-al	-alowie
genitive	-ala	alów
dative	-alowi	-alom
accusative	-ala	alów
instrumental	-alem	-alami
locative	-alu	-alach
vocative	-alu	-alowie

Derived terms

Kategorija Poljski termm suffixed with -al nije pronađena

Further reading

• -al in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Portuguese

Pronunciation

• (Brazil) MFA^(ključ): /ˈaw/ [ˈaʊ̯]

 

• (Portugal) MFA^(ključ): /ˈal/ [ˈaɫ]

• (Portugal) MFA^(ključ): /ˈal/ [ˈaɫ]
  • (Southern Portugal) MFA^(ključ): /ˈa.li/

• Rime: (Portugal) -al, (Brazil) -aw

Etymology 1

From Old Galician-Portuguese -al, from Latinski -ālis.

Suffix

-al (pridevi-forming suffix)

1. appended to noun X, forms adjectives meaning “of or relating to X”

   Sinonimi: -ar, -ário, -eal, -eiro, -ial, -ico, -inal

   ‎abismo (“abyss”) + ‎-al → ‎abismal (“abyssal; abysmal”)

   ‎indústria (“factory; industry”) + ‎-al → ‎industrial (“industrial”)

2. forms synonyms of adjectives containing the suffix -ico

   ‎angélico (“angelic”) + ‎-al → ‎angelical (“angelical”)

Suffix

[[]]-al m (^{please add plural})

1. appended to noun X, forms nouns meaning “a collection X” or “a large quantity of X”

   Sinonim: -ário

   ‎ninho (“nest”) + ‎-al → ‎ninhal (“a bunch of nests”)

   ‎edito (“edict”) + ‎-al → ‎edital (“notice board”)

2. appended to noun X, forms nouns meaning “a place where there is plenty of X” or "field where a plant is cultivated"

   Sinonimi: -açal, -egal, -eiro

   ‎trigo (“wheat”) + ‎-al → ‎trigal (“wheatfield”)

   ‎sobreiro (“cork oak”) + ‎-al → ‎sobreiral (“an orchard of cork oaks”)

   ‎pedra (“rock”) + ‎-al → ‎pedregal (“a rocky field”)

   ‎colmeia (“beehive”) + ‎-al → ‎colmeal (“a place with many beehives”)

Derived terms

Kategorija Portugalski termm suffixed with -al nije pronađena

Etymology 2

From the first syllable of álcool (“alcohol”) and aldeído (“aldehyde”).

Suffix

[[]]-al m (^{please add plural})

1. (chemistry) forms the names of alcohols
2. (chemistry) forms the names of aldehydes

Romanian

Etymology

Pozajmljeno od Latinski -alis. Compare Francuski -al, Italijanski -ale.

Pronunciation

• MFA^(ključ): /al/

Suffix

1. -al; of or pertaining to, forms adjectives from nouns.

   ‎săptămână (“week”) + ‎-al → ‎săptămânal (“weekly”)

Derived terms

Kategorija Rumunski termm suffixed with -al nije pronađena

Related terms

• -aie

Spanish

Etymology

Nasleđeno od Latinski -ālis.

Suffix

-al m or f (pridevi-forming suffix, masculine and feminine plural -ales)

1. In adjectives, indicating relation.

   ‎cultura (“culture”) + ‎-al → ‎cultural (“cultural”)

Suffix

-al m (imenice-forming suffix, plural -ales)

1. In nouns, indicating a place where something is grown, or where there is plenty of it.

   Sinonim: -ar

   ‎maíz (“corn”) + ‎-al → ‎maizal (“corn field”)

   ‎naranja (“orange”) + ‎-al → ‎naranjal (“orange grove”)

   ‎escoria (“scoria”) + ‎-al → ‎escorial (“bed of lava”)

See also

• -ar
• -ero

Derived terms

Kategorija Španski termm suffixed with -al nije pronađena

Further reading

• “-al” in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014.

Swedish

Suffix

-al

1. -al, of or pertaining to; forming an adjective from a noun

Derived terms

Kategorija Švedski termm suffixed with -al nije pronađena

See also

• -ell
• -ig
• -isk
• -lig
• -sam

Anagrams

• l:a, la ^{(alphagram al)}