-al

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Engleski

Etimologija 1

Od adjective suffix -ālis, ili French, Middle French i Old French -el, -al. Likely, the aforementioned Latin suffix is formed from Etruscan genitive suffix -l (as in Etruscan ati (“mother”) / atial (“mother's”)) + adjectival suffix -is (as in fortis, dēbilis, etc.).

Alternativni oblici

• -all (obsolete)
• -ual

Izgovor

• MFA^(ključ): /əl/

Sufiks

1. Of or pertaining to. Adjectival suffix appended to various words, often nouns, to make an adjective form. Often added to words of Latin origin, but used with other words also.

   ‎base + ‎-al → ‎basal

   ‎cranium + ‎-al → ‎cranial

2. Forming nouns, especially of verbal action.

   ‎propose + ‎-al → ‎proposal

   ‎deny + ‎-al → ‎denial

Korisne beleške

If the root word contains l, the variant -ar is often used instead (e.g. solar, lunar, columnar, lumbar). Sometimes both forms are found: linear, lineal. One also sees -ial, as in manorial.

As nominalizer, some verbs have two corresponding nouns, one ending in -al and the other in -tion/-sion (more common suffix), with one or the other being more common, sometimes with different nuances. Notable examples: disposition/disposal (dispose), proposition/proposal (propose), submission/submittal (submit), transmission/transmittal (transmit). Some superficial pairs are actually of different origin, notably reversion/reversal (revert/reverse, not both from reverse).

Izvedeni termini

• (of or pertaining to): Kategorija:Engleski reči sa nastavkom -al
• (forming nouns, especially of verbal action.): arousal, arrival, bestowal, betrothal, denial, disposal, proposal, rival, reversal, removal, submittal, transmittal
• -ical

Vidite takođe

• -ing
• -tion (-ion, -sion)
• -ure

Etymology 2

Extracted from the word aldehyde.

Pronunciation

• MFA^(ključ): /æl/

Suffix

1. Forms the names of aldehydes.

Translations

• Danish: -al
• Dutch: -al (nl)
• (deprecated template usage) {{trans-mid}}
• Galician: -al (gl)

Anagrams

• L. A., L.A., LA, La, La-, La., la, lä ^{(alphagram al)}

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Abenaki

Suffix

1. A suffix used to form the plurals of inanimate words.

   pessimen (“currant”) → pessimenal (“currants”)

   wôbigen (“it is white”) → wôbigenal (“they are white”)

Usage notes

• -al is the most common suffix used to form the plurals of inanimate words, including most body parts and some words ending in the vowel a.
• See the usage notes at -ak.

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Catalan

Etymology

From .

Pronunciation

• (Balearic, Central, Valencian) MFA^(ključ): /ˈ-al/

Suffix

1. In adjectives, indicating relation.

   estructura (“structure”) → estructural (“structural”).

Derived terms

Kategorija Catalan terms suffixed with -al nije pronađena

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Danish

Suffix

1. -al

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Dutch

Pronunciation

• MFA^(ključ): /ɑl/

Suffix

1. -al

Synonyms

• oxo-

Derived terms

Kategorija Holandski terms suffixed with -al nije pronađena

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Esperanto

Suffix

1. for [...] reason (ending for correlatives of reason)

Derived terms

(deprecated use of |lang= parameter)

(deprecated use of |lang= parameter)

• alial (“for another reason”)
• ĉial (“for every reason”)
• ial (“for any/some reason”)
• kial (“for what reason, why”)
• nenial (“for no reason”)
• tial (“for that reason, therefore”)

 

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French

Etymology

From , from , borrowed from . Cognate to French , which is also from Latin -ālis but inherited (not borrowed).

Pronunciation

• MFA^(ključ): /al/

Suffix

1. -al (of or pertaining to; adjectival suffix appended to various words, often nouns, to make an adjective form. Often added to words of Latin origin, but used with other words also)

Derived terms

Kategorija Francuski terms suffixed with -al nije pronađena

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German

Etymology

Borrowed from .

Pronunciation

• MFA^(ključ): [aːl]

Suffix

1. pertaining to, using; adjectival suffix appended to nouns

Derived terms

Kategorija Nemački terms suffixed with -al nije pronađena

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Hungarian

Etymology

-a- + Afrikans

Pronunciation

• MFA^(ključ): [ɒl]

Suffix

1. (verb-forming suffix) Added to a noun to form a verb.

   szárny (“a wing”) → szárnyal (“to soar”)

2. (noun-forming suffix) Added to a verb to form a noun (no longer productive in this role).

   von (“to pull”) → vonal (“line”)

Usage notes

• (noun-forming suffix) Harmonic variants:

  -al is added to back vowel words

  -el is added to front vowel words

Derived terms

Kategorija Mađarski verbs suffixed with -al nije pronađena

Kategorija Mađarski nouns suffixed with -al nije pronađena

See also

• Appendix:Hungarian suffixes

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Lepontic

Suffix

1. Šablon:xlp-romanization of

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Manx

Alternative forms

• -ail

Etymology 1

Extracted from goaill.

1. suffix used to form verbal nouns

Etymology 2

Extracted from goaill.

1. suffix used productively to form denominative verbs and their associated verbal nouns

   ‎yiarn (“iron”) + ‎-al → ‎yiarnal (“to iron”)

   ‎post (“post”) + ‎-al → ‎postal (“to post”)

Etymology 3

From (compare Irski -úil, Scottish Gaelic -ail, -eil), from .

1. An adjectival suffix applied to various words, usually nouns, to make an adjective.

See also

• -ee

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Norman

Etymology

From , from .

Suffix

1. -al (of or pertaining to; adjectival suffix appended to various words, often nouns, to make an adjective form)

Derived terms

Kategorija Norman terms suffixed with -al nije pronađena

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Novial

Suffix

1. Short form of -ali.

Usage notes

• Remove the last vowel (except 'u') of the given noun before appending this suffix to it.

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Old French

Alternative forms

• -el

Etymology

Borrowed from . Compare the inherited -el.

Suffix

1. suffix used to form adjectives from nouns

   (from mesnee)

Descendants

• Middle French: -al
  • French: -al

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Polish

Etymology

From .

Pronunciation

• MFA^(ključ): /al/

Suffix

1. Forms masculine nouns.

Declension

Animate/personal:

declension of -al

	singular	plural
nominative	-al	-ale
genitive	-ala	-ali
dative	-alowi	-alom
accusative	-ala	-ali
instrumental	-alem	-alami
locative	-alu	-alach
vocative	-alu	-ale

Inanimate:

declension of -al

	singular	plural
nominative	-al	-ale
genitive	-alu	-ali
dative	-alowi	-alom
accusative	-al	-ale
instrumental	-alem	-alami
locative	-alu	-alach
vocative	-alu	-ale

Surnames:

declension of -al

	singular	plural
nominative	-al	-alowie
genitive	-ala	alów
dative	-alowi	-alom
accusative	-ala	alów
instrumental	-alem	-alami
locative	-alu	-alach
vocative	-alu	-alowie

Derived terms

Kategorija Poljski terms suffixed with -al nije pronađena

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Portuguese

Pronunciation

• (Portugal) MFA^(ključ): /ˈaɫ/
• (Brazil) MFA^(ključ): /ˈaw/

Etymology 1

From , from .

Suffix

1. appended to noun X, forms adjectives meaning “of or pertaining to X”

   ‎abismo (“abyss”) + ‎-al → ‎abismal (“abyssal; abysmal”)

   ‎indústria (“factory; industry”) + ‎-al → ‎industrial (“industrial”)

2. forms synonyms of adjectives containing the suffix -ico

   ‎angélico (“angelic”) + ‎-al → ‎angelical (“angelical”)

3. appended to noun X, forms nouns meaning “a collection X” or “a large quantity of X”

   ‎ninho (“nest”) + ‎-al → ‎ninhal (“a bunch of nests”)

   ‎edito (“edict”) + ‎-al → ‎edital (“notice board”)

4. appended to noun X, forms nouns meaning “a place where there is plenty of X”

   ‎pedra (“rock”) + ‎-al → ‎pedregal (“a rocky field”)

   ‎colmeia (“beehive”) + ‎-al → ‎colmeal (“a place with many beehives”)

5. appended to the name of a plant, forms nouns meaning “a field where that plant is cultivated”

   ‎trigo (“wheat”) + ‎-al → ‎trigal (“wheatfield”)

   ‎sobreiro (“cork oak”) + ‎-al → ‎sobreiral (“an orchard of cork oaks”)

Synonyms

• (of or pertaining to): -ar, -ário, -eal, -eiro, -ial, -ico, -inal
• (collection): -ário
• (place with plenty of something): -açal, -egal, -eiro

Etymology 2

From the first syllable of álcool (“alcohol”) and aldeído (“aldehyde”).

Suffix

1. forms the names of alcohols
2. forms the names of aldehydes

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Spanish

Etymology

From .

Suffix

1. In adjectives, indicating relation

   ‎cultura (“culture”) + ‎-al → ‎cultural (“cultural”).

2. In nouns, indicating a place where something is grown

   ‎maíz (“corn”) + ‎-al → ‎maizal (“corn field”)

   ‎naranja (“orange”) + ‎-al → ‎naranjal (“orange grove”)

Synonyms

• (indicating a place): -ar

Derived terms

Kategorija Španski terms suffixed with -al nije pronađena

Further reading

• “-al” in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014.

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Swedish

Suffix

1. -al, of or pertaining to; forming an adjective from a noun

Derived terms

Kategorija Švedski terms suffixed with -al nije pronađena

See also

• -ell
• -ig
• -isk
• -lig
• -sam