だ

Takođe pogledajte: た i Dodatak:Varijante od "da"

だ	U+3060, だ HIRAGANA LETTER DA

Composition:

た [U+305F] + ◌゙ [U+3099]

← た
[U+305F]

Hiragana

ち →
[U+3061]

Japanski

Redosled pisanja

Pronunciation

MFA^(ključ): [da̠]

Etymology 1

hiragana karakter た (ta) sa dakuten (゛).

Syllable

だ (romaji Script error: The function "kana_to_romaji" does not exist.)

The hiragana syllable だ (da). Its equivalent in katakana is ダ (da).

Etymology 2

Forms beginning with だ or で: From the particle で (de) or である (de aru). The lemma form だ itself is a contraction of であ, clipping of である (de aru).
Forms beginning with な: From classical Japanese なる (naru), whence Modern Japanese な (na, na-inflection ending).

Verb

だ (da)

(auxiliary) Following parts of speech that do not inflect by themselves, including nouns, na-adjectives, adverbs and postpositional phrases.
1. to be
  彼(かれ)は無(む)実(じつ)だ。
  Kare wa mujitsu da.
  He is innocent.
  
  冬(ふゆ)休(やす)みは明日(あした)からだ。
  Fuyu yasumi wa ashita kara da.
  Winter vacation is from tomorrow. (Winter vacation starts from tomorrow.)
  
  私(わたし)が子(こ)供(ども)だった頃(ころ)
  watashi ga kodomo datta koro
  when I was a child
  
  美(び)人(じん)で優(やさ)しい人(ひと)
  bijin de yasashii hito
  a person who is beautiful and kind
  
  大(だい)学(がく)生(せい)ならこれくらいはできるはずです。
  Daigakusei nara kore kurai wa dekiru hazu desu.
  This should be easy for a college student.
2. should; be obliged to; ought to
  汚(お)物(ぶつ)は消(しょう)毒(どく)だ。
  Obutsu wa shōdoku da.
  The filth should be disinfected.
  
  お代(か)わりだ。
  Okawari da.
  (Of a second helping) one more please.
  
  二(に)度(ど)と来(く)るんじゃない！
  Nido to kuru n ja nai!
  Never come again!
(auxiliary) Some forms also follow inflectable words.
1. です follows i-adjectives, as the standard polite terminal form for i-adjectives.
  遅(おそ)いですね。
  Osoi desu ne.
  You are too slow.
2. だろう / でしょう / なら can follow any inflectable word, forming suppletive volitional/polite volitional/conditional forms.
  飲(の)むなら乗(の)るな！
  Nomu nara noru na!
  If you are to drink, don't drive!
  
  彼(かれ)はきっと成(せい)功(こう)するだろう。
  Kare wa kitto seikō suru darō.
  I believe he will succeed.
(auxiliary) Not following any words, but used before some conjunctives or in some inflected forms, to represent the aforementioned statement.
山(やま)をなめてはいけない。でないと死(し)んじゃうよ。
Yama o namete wa ikenai. De nai to shinjau yo.
Don't underestimate the difficulty of mountaineering. If you do, you could die.

Usage notes

だ is the only commonly used modern Japanese verb with the terminal form (終止形) distinct from the attributive form (連体形). As relative clauses in Japanese are syntactically equivalent to attributives, relative clauses must end in the attributive form. Thus だ, as a terminal form, cannot appear at the end of a relative clause. The following forms are used instead of だ in such places:

Use の after nouns, adverbs or prepositional phrases. But use な before the nominalizer の.

学(がく)生(せい)のアリス

gakusei no Arisu

Alice, who is a student

ここまでのあらすじ

koko made no arasuji

the plot summary up to now

後(あと)味(あじ)もすっきりなのが特(とく)徴(ちょう)です。

Atoaji mo sukkiri na no ga tokuchō desu.

That the aftertaste is refreshing too is its distinguishing feature.

今日(きょう)は休(やす)みなので早(はや)起(お)きしてなかった。

Kyō wa yasumi na no de hayaoki shite nakatta.

I didn't get up early because it is a holiday today.

Use な after a na-adjective.

実(じっ)家(か)が裕(ゆう)福(ふく)な友人(ゆうじん)

jikka ga yūfuku na yūjin

a friend whose family is rich

Alternatively, である can be used when following nouns and denoting the meaning "to be".

学(がく)生(せい)であるアリス

gakusei de aru Arisu