茶

Такође погледајте: 苶 и 荼

茶 U+8336, 茶 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8336 ← 茵 [U+8335] CJK Unified Ideographs 茷 → [U+8337]

茶 U+F9FE, 茶 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9FE ← 什 [U+F9FD] CJK Compatibility Ideographs 刺 → [U+F9FF]

међународно

Редослед писања

Хан карактери

茶 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 廿人木 (TOD), четири-угла 4490₄, composition ⿳艹𠆢朩(GV) or ⿳艹𠆢木(HTJK))

Референце

• KangXi: page 1029, карактер 4
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: карактер 30915
• Dae Jaweon: страна 1488, карактер 1
• Hanyu Da Zidian: том 5, страна 3207, карактер 2
• Unihan data за U+8336

• Unihan data за U+F9FE

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Кинески

трад.		茶
једн. #		茶
alternative forms		𣘻 𦯬 荼

Glyph origin

Знакови у истом фонетском низу (余) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Стари Кинески
斜
茶
荼
梌
搽
塗
佘
賒
畬
舍
捨
騇
涻
稌
悇
庩
捈
途
酴
駼
鵌
涂
嵞
峹
筡
蒤
徐
俆
叙
漵
除
篨
滁
蒢
蜍
鵨
瑹
余
餘
艅
狳
雓
悆

Phono-semantic compound (形聲): semantic 艹 + phonetic 余.

茶 originates as a graphical modification of archaic 荼 (“bitter plant”), used for “tea” in classical sources.

Етимологија

As tea may have originated from Sichuan, where the native Yi people speak Loloish languages, Sagart (1999) suggests that the Old Chinese item was possibly originally borrowed from Proto-Loloish *la¹ (“tea”), from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-la (“leaf; tea”). Schuessler (2007) traces its ultimate origin to Proto-Austroasiatic *sla (“leaf”) (compare Proto-Mon-Khmer *slaʔ).

Alternatively, Qiu (1988) suggests that it might be a semantic extension of 荼 (“bitter plant”).

Изговор

• Мандарин

  (Стандард)

  (Пинјин): chá (cha²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄔㄚˊ

  (Chengdu, SP): ca²

  (Dungan, Ћирилица and Wiktionary): ца (I)

• Кантонски

  (Guangzhou, Jyutping): caa⁴

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): ca³

• Ган (Викиречник): ca²
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): chhà

  (Meixian, Guangdong): ca²

• Jin (Wiktionary): ca¹
• Min Bei (KCR): dâ
• Min Dong (BUC): dà
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): tê / têe / tiêe / tâ / chhâ

  (Teochew, Peng'im): dê⁵

• Wu (Wiktionary): zo (T3)
• Xiang (Wiktionary): za²

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• Мандарин
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Пинјин: chá
    • Zhuyin: ㄔㄚˊ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: char
    • Tongyong Pinyin: chá
    • Wade–Giles: chʻa2
    • Sinological МФА ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰä³⁵/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: ca²
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: ca
    • Sinological МФА ^(key): /t͡sʰa²¹/
  • (Dungan)
    • Ћирилица and Викиречник: ца (I)
    • Sinological МФА ^(key): /t͡sʰaː²⁴/

    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)

• Кантонски
  • (Стандард Кантонски, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: caa⁴
    • Yale: chàh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tsaa⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: ca⁴
    • Sinological МФА ^(key): /t͡sʰɑː²¹/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Викиречник: ca³
    • Sinological МФА ^(key): /t͡sʰa²²/
• Gan
  • (Nanchang)
    • Wiktionary: ca²
    • Sinological МФА ^(key): /t͡sʰa²⁴/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhà
    • Hakka Romanization System: caˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: ca²
    • IPA: /t͡sʰa¹¹/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: ca²
    • IPA: /t͡sʰa¹¹/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Викиречник: ca¹
    • Sinological МФА (old-style): /t͡sʰa¹¹/
• Min Bei
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: dâ
    • Sinological МФА ^(key): /ta³³/
• Min Dong
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: dà
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ta⁵³/
• Мин Нан
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Hui'an, Changtai, General Taiwanese, Singapore)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tê
    • Tâi-lô: tê
    • Phofsit Daibuun: dee
    • МФА (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Hui'an, Changtai, Taipei, Singapore): /te²⁴/
    • МФА (Kaohsiung): /te²³/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Zhangpu, Penang)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: têe
    • Tâi-lô: têe
    • МФА (Zhangpu): /tɛ²¹³/
    • МФА (Zhangzhou): /tɛ¹³/
    • МФА (Penang): /tɛ²³/
  • (Hokkien: Longyan)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tiêe
    • Tâi-lô: tiêe
    • МФА (Longyan): /tiɛ¹¹/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, Hui'an, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tâ
    • Tâi-lô: tâ
    • Phofsit Daibuun: daa
    • МФА (Kaohsiung): /ta²³/
    • МФА (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Hui'an, Taipei): /ta²⁴/
    • МФА (Zhangzhou): /ta¹³/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhâ
    • Tâi-lô: tshâ
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zhaa
    • МФА (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei): /t͡sʰa²⁴/
    • МФА (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰa¹³/
    • МФА (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰa²³/

Нота:

• tê/têe - vernacular;
• tâ, chhâ - literary.

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: dê⁵
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tê
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /te⁵⁵/

Wu

• (Shanghainese)
  • Wiktionary: zo (T3)
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /z̻o²³/

Xiang

• (Changsha)
  • Wiktionary: za²
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sa̠¹³/

Дефиниције

茶

1. tea (plant, leaves)

   種茶 / 种茶  ―  zhòng chá  ―  to grow tea

2. tea (beverage made by infusing tea leaves in hot water)

   綠茶 / 绿茶  ―  lǜchá  ―  green tea

   沏茶  ―  qīchá  ―  to make tea

   一杯茶  ―  yī bēi chá  ―  a cup of tea

3. certain kinds of beverage or liquid food

   涼茶 / 凉茶  ―  liángchá  ―  Chinese herb tea

   冬瓜茶  ―  dōngguāchá  ―  winter melon punch

   杏仁茶  ―  xìngrénchá  ―  (please add an English translation of this example)

4. Chinese medicine

   午時茶 / 午时茶  ―  wǔshíchá  ―  (please add an English translation of this example)

5. yum cha

   早茶  ―  zǎochá  ―  morning yum cha

   去茶樓飲餐茶 [Cantonese, trad.]
   去茶楼饮餐茶 [Cantonese, simp.]

   heoi³ caa⁴ lau⁴ jam² caan¹ caa⁴ [Jyutping]

   to go yumcha at a dim sum restaurant

6. (obsolete) a moment (the time it takes to drink a cup of tea)
7. (dialectal Mandarin, Cantonese, Gan, Xiang, Wu) boiled or boiling water
8. A презиме​..

Синоними

• The dial-syn page 「茶」 does not yet exist. Create the data page and the map!

• The dial-syn page 「開水」 does not yet exist. Create the data page and the map!

Једињења

• Види 茶/изведени термини § Tea (Chinese).

Претходници

• Види 茶/изведени термини § Tea (Chinese).

Референце

• Multi-function Chinese Character Database (漢語多功能字庫)
• Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A03475

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Јапански

Kanji

茶

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

1. tea

Readings

• Go-on: じゃ (ja)^{←ぢや (dya, historical)}
• Kan-on: た (ta)
• Tō-on: さ (sa, Jōyō)
• Kan’yō-on: ちゃ (cha, Jōyō)

Једињења

Једињења

• お茶(ちゃ) (ocha): tea
• 烏(ウー)竜(ロン)茶(ちゃ) (ūroncha): oolong tea
• 喫(きっ)茶(さ)店(てん) (kissaten): tearoom; café
• 紅(こう)茶(ちゃ) (kōcha): black tea
• 古(こ)茶(ちゃ) (kocha): tea from last year
• 粉(こな)茶(ちゃ) (konacha): dust tea
• 新(しん)茶(ちゃ) (shincha): new tea of the year
• 茶(ちゃ)色(いろ) (chairo): brown
• 茶(ちゃ)園(えん) (chaen): tea plantation
• 茶(ちゃ)会(かい) (chakai): tea party
• 茶(ちゃ)器(き) (chaki): teaware

• 茶(ちゃ)匙(さじ) (chasaji): teaspoon
• 茶(ちゃ)の湯(ゆ) (chanoyu): tea ceremony
• 茶(ちゃ)畑(ばたけ) (chabatake): tea plantation
• 品(ひん)茶(ちゃ) (hincha): tea evaluation; a game of drinking varieties of tea and guessing them correctly
• 焙(ほう)じ茶(ちゃ) (hōjicha): roasted green tea
• 抹(まっ)茶(ちゃ) (matcha): maccha, matcha
• 無(む)茶(ちゃ) (mucha): reckless
• 緑(りょく)茶(ちゃ) (ryokucha): green tea

Etymology

茶 (cha): a cup of tea.

Kanji за овај терм
茶
ちゃ Степен: 2
kan’yōon

From various dialects of Средњи Кинески 茶. Compare modern Мандарин reading chá, Хака chhà, Кантонски caa⁴.

Pronunciation

• Kan’yōyomi
  • (Tokyo) ちゃ [chà] (Heiban – [0])
  • МФА^(кључ): [t͡ɕa̠]

Noun

茶(ちゃ) (cha) 

1. tea (not used in isolation in modern Japanese)
2. brown

Usage notes

This term is not used on its own in modern Japanese. For the tea sense, this is used either with the honorific prefix お (o-), or in a compound such as 茎茶 (kukicha, literally “stem tea”) or 緑茶 (ryokucha, “green tea”).

• お茶(ちゃ)はいかがですか。

  Ocha wa ikaga desuka.

  How about some tea? (Would you like some tea?)

For the brown sense, this is used with the color suffix 色 (-iro), as in 茶色 (chairo, “brown”, literally “tea color”).

Synonyms

• 茗(めい) (mei) (rare)

Descendants

• → Ainu: チャ (ca)
• → Nivkh: ча (ț’a)

See also

• 湯(ゆ) (yu): hot water; (by extension) tea

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Корејски

Etymology 1

From Early Mandarin Шаблон:cmn-ear-l. Compare modern Мандарин reading chá, Хака chhà, Кантонски caa⁴.

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [t͡ɕʰa̠]
• Phonetic hangul: [차]

Hanja

Wikisource

茶 (eumhun 차 차 (cha cha))

1. Hanja form^? of 차 (“tea”).

Usage notes

This reading is used as a standalone word to mean "tea."

Compounds

Compounds

• 차례 (茶禮, charye, “ancestral rites; Charye”)
• 녹차 (綠茶, nokcha)
• 말차 (抹茶, malcha)
• 홍차 (紅茶, hongcha)
• 찻잔 (茶盞, chatjan)
• 차반 (茶盤, chaban)
• 냉차 (冷茶, naengcha, “iced tea”)
• 찻장 (茶欌, chatjang, “tea cabinet”)
• 차구 (茶具, chagu)

Etymology 2

From Средњи Кинески 茶.

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448	땅 (Yale: ttà)
Middle Korean
Text	Eumhun
	Gloss (hun)	Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[1]	차 (Yale: chà)	다 (Yale: tà)

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [ta̠]
• Phonetic hangul: [다]

Hanja

茶 (eumhun 차 다 (cha da))

1. (only in compounds) Hanja form^? of 다 (“tea”).
2. (only in compounds) Hanja form^? of 다 (“brown”).

Compounds

Compounds

• 다식 (茶食, dasik)
• 다과 (茶菓, dagwa)
• 다기 (茶器, dagi)
• 다구 (茶具, dagu)
• 다방 (茶房, dabang)
• 다화 (茶話, dahwa, “tea-table talk”)
• 다색 (茶色, dasaek)
• 끽다 (喫茶, kkikda)
• 다소 (茶素, daso, “caffeine”)
• 다과회 (茶菓會, dagwahoe, “tea club”)
• 다반사 (茶飯事, dabansa, “everyday affair”)
• 다갈색 (茶褐色, dagalsaek)

References

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

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Вијетнамски

Han character

茶: Hán Việt readings: trà-tdcndg;tdcntd;gdhn;tvctdhv;hvttd;tchvtd
茶: Nôm readings: trà-tdcndg;tdcntd;gdhn, chè-tdcndg;tdcntd;gdhn, chà-tdcndg, sà-tdcndg, già-tdcndg;tdcntd, chòe-tdcndg;tdcntd/choè-tdcndg;tdcntd

1. Hán tự form of trà, “tea”
2. Шаблон:nom form of

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茶 (кинески)

Изговор:

пинјин: chá  

Аудио:

(датотека)

Шаблон:zh-cir

Радикал:

草 140

Значења:

1. чај

Примери:

1. 请你给我倒杯茶。Молим те додај ми шољу чаја.
2. 茶太酽。Чај је прејак.

Хомофони:

• 查 - испитати, истражити, консултовати

Tibetanski:ཇ

Шведски:te

ХСК ниво:

• 1

Референце

Pleco

• [hsk.academy [3]] 9 11