beta

Takođe pogledajte: Beta, Běta, bêta, béta, bèta, i betą

Engleski

Antički Grčki Alfabet

← alpha		→ gamma
Β β Ancient Greek: βῆτα
Wikipedia article on beta

Etymology

From Antički Grčki βῆτα (bêta). Dubleti of beth.

Pronunciation

• (UK) enPR: bēʹtə, MFA^(ključ): /ˈbiːtə/
• (US) enPR: bāʹtə, MFA^(ključ): /ˈbeɪtə/

• Audio (US)

  (file)

• Rime: -iːtə, -eɪtə
• (UK) Homophone: beater (non-rhotic accents)
• (US) Homophone: baiter (non-rhotic accents)

Noun

beta (plural betas)

1. The second letter of the Greek alphabet (Β,  β), preceded by alpha (Α,  α) and followed by gamma, (Γ,  γ). In modern Greek it represents the voiced labiodental fricative sound of v found in the English words have and vase.
2. Used in marking scheme: α, β, γ or α+, α, α-, β etc.
3. (finance) Average sensitivity of a security's price to overall securities market prices.
5. (computing, video games, uncountable) The phase of development after alpha testing and before launch, in which software, while not complete, has been released to potential users for testing.

   The company is offering a public beta program to test the software.

6. (computing, video games, countable) Software in such a phase; a preliminary version.
   • 2007, Michael Lopp, Managing Humans (page 107)

     He quickly deduced our goal—ship a quality beta—but he also quickly discerned that we had no idea about the quality of the product because of our pile of untriaged bugs.

   • 2015 februar 14, Steven Strom, “Evolve Review: Middle of the food chain”, in Ars Technica‎^[1]:

7. (climbing) Information about a route which may aid someone in climbing it.
8. (physics) A beta particle or beta ray.
9. (aviation) Sideslip angle.
10. (aviation) The range of engine power settings in which the blade pitch angle of a constant-speed propeller is controlled directly by the angle of the engine's throttle lever (rather than varying with engine torque and airspeed to maintain a constant propeller RPM), allowing the propeller to be disked to generate high drag and slow the aircraft quickly.
11. Alternative spelling of betta (“fish in the genus Betta”)
12. (slang, manosphere, masculism) beta male., a man who is less competent or desirable than an alpha male.
    • 2006, Catherine Mann, Blaze of Glory, Harlequin (2006), →ISBN, unnumbered page:

      “I guess in your psychological language of alpha males and beta males, I would be firmly in the camp that prefers the more laid-back betas,” she took a deep breath, “like your father.”

    • 2010, L. A. Banks, "Dog Tired (of the Drama!)", in Blood Lite II: Overbite (ed. Kevin J. Anderson), Gallery Books (2010), →ISBN, page 121:

      “They want sexy, virile alpha males, yes? But that doesn't come with sensitive and loyal and all of that. That's a beta. A frickin' collie, Lola. […]

    • 2010, Terry Spear, Wolf Fever, Sourcebooks Casablanca (2010), →ISBN, page 24:

      She'd always had a thing for alpha males. Not that she had any intention of being bossed around, even if one had her best interests at heart. Her fascination with alphas was that they were a challenge. Betas didn't hold much of an appeal.

    • 2015, Stephen Jarosek, Tyrants of Matriarchy:

    • 2018, Corey Pein, Live Work Work Work Die‎^[2]:

13. (fandom slang) In omegaverse fiction, a person of a secondary sex similar to normal humans, lacking the biological drives of alphas and omegas but generally capable of bonding and mating with either.
    • 2013, Kristina Busse, "Pon Farr, Mpreg, Bonds, and the Rise of the Omegaverse", in Fic: Why Fanfiction Is Taking Over the World (ed. Anne Jamison), page 317:

      Many A/B/O stories posit societies where biological imperatives divide people based on wolf pack hierarchies into sexual dominants (alphas), sexual submissives (omegas), and everyone else (betas).

    • 2017, Marianne Gunderson, "What is an omega? Rewriting sex and gender in omegaverse fanfiction", thesis submitted to the University of Oslo, page 99:

      In ASD, the beta also functions as a contrast, as Yuri is assumed to be a beta before his first heat reveals his omega status.

    • 2018, Laura Campillo Arnaiz, "When the Omega Empath Met the Alpha Doctor: An Analysis of Alpha/Beta/Omega Dynamics in the Hannibal Fandom", in The Darker Side of Slash Fan Fiction (ed. Ashton Spacey), page 119:

      Betas are usually second in command to the reigning alpha, and omegas belong to the lowest caste of the social hierarchy.

Coordinate terms

n alpha, gamma, theta

Derived terms

• betavoltaic
• betavoltaics

Translations

letter of the Greek alphabet

• Arabic: بِيتَا‎ f (betā), بِيتَا‎ f (bītā)
• Asturian: beta (ast) f
• Bulgarian: béta f (béta)
• Catalan: beta (ca) f
• Chinese:

  Cantonese: 啤打 (be¹ daa²)

  Mandarin: 貝塔／贝塔 (zh), 贝塔 (zh) (bèitǎ)

• Czech: beta (cs)
• Danish: beta (da) n
• Dutch: bèta (nl) f or m
• Esperanto: beto (eo)
• Faroese: beta n
• Finnish: beeta (fi)
• French: bêta (fr) m
• Galician: beta (gl) m
• Georgian: ბეტა (ka) (beṭa)
• Greek: βήτα (el) n (víta)

  Ancient: βῆτα f (bêta)

• Hebrew: בֵּיתָא‎ f (béta)
• Hungarian: béta (hu)
• (deprecated template usage) {{trans-mid}}
• Indonesian: beta (id)
• Interlingua: beta
• Irish: béite f
• Italian: beta (it) f
• Japanese: ベータ (bēta)
• Korean: 베타 (ko) (beta)
• Latin: bēta (la) n
• Malay: beta (ms)
• Maori: peta
• Persian: بتا‎ (fa) (betâ)
• Polish: beta (pl) f
• Portuguese: beta (pt) m
• Russian: béta (ru) f (bɛ́ta)
• Slovak: beta f or n
• Spanish: beta (es) f
• Swedish: beta (sv)
• Tagalog: beta
• Thai: บีตา
• Turkish: beta (tr)
• Ukrainian: béta (uk) f (béta)
• Vietnamese: bêta (vi)

Adjective

beta (not comparable)

1. Identifying a molecular position in an organic chemical compound.
2. Designates the second in an order of precedence.
3. (computing) Preliminary; prerelease. Refers to an incomplete version of a product released for initial testing.
4. (of a person, object or action) associated with the beta male/female archetype.

Derived terms

terms derived from beta (adjective)

• β-particle
• β-ray
• beta form 1-3
• beta blocker
• beta coefficient
• beta decay

• beta emitter
• betalike
• beta particle
• beta ray
• beta reader
• beta version
• Betamax
• betatron

Translations

beta

• Bulgarian: béta (béta)
• Dutch: bèta (nl) m or f
• Esperanto: beta (eo)
• Finnish: beeta (fi)
• French: bêta (fr)
• Georgian: ბეტა (ka) (beṭa)
• Greek: βήτα (el) n (víta)
• Hebrew: בֵּיתָא‎ f (béta)
• Interlingua: beta
• Italian: beta (it)
• (deprecated template usage) {{trans-mid}}
• Japanese: ベータ (bēta)
• Korean: 베타 (ko) (beta)
• Persian: بتا‎ (fa) (betâ)
• Portuguese: beta (pt) m
• Russian: béta (ru) f (bɛ́ta)
• Spanish: beta (es)
• Swedish: beta (sv)
• Vietnamese: bêta (vi)

Verb

beta

1. (computing) To preliminarily release computer software for initial testing prior to final release.
2. (chiefly Internet) To beta-read a text.
   • 1999, sqira a., in alt.tv.x-files.creative [3]

     My thanks to Heather; who read it and betaed it. Thank you.

   • 2000, Elizabeth Durack, quoted in Angelina I. Karpovich, “The Audience as Editor: The Role of Beta Readers in Online Fan Fiction Communities” (essay), in Karen Hellekson and Kristina Busse (editors), Fan Fiction and Fan Communities in the Age of the Internet, McFarland (2006), →ISBN, page 180,

     Beta’ing is time-consuming, so asking a lot of people to give you a detailed analysis isn’t the most polite thing to do.

   • 2002, Jane Davitt, in alt.tv.buffy-v-slayer.creative [4]

     The next part is written and beta'd (thanks, Jen!), ready to go but <shuffles feet> I haven't even started what should be the final part yet.

   • 2002, Karmen Ghia, in alt.startrek.creative.erotica.moderated [5]

     I had the honor of betaing this story and as I was doing the first read through I had the odd, but lovely, experience when a story suspends the reader in its own rhythm and flow, its own reality.

Anagrams

• Bate, Teba, abet, bate, beat ^{(alphagram abet)}

---

Ambonese Malay

Etymology

From Classical Malay بيتا‎‎ (beta, “I”).

Pronoun

beta

1. I first-person singular pronoun

Alternative forms

• bet

References

• Šablon:R:abs:Takaria; Pieter:1998

---

Asturian

Etymology

From Antički Grčki βῆτα (bêta).

Noun

beta f (plural betes)

1. beta (Greek letter)

---

Catalan

Pronunciation

• (Balearic, Central) MFA^(ključ): /ˈbɛ.tə/
• (Valencian) MFA^(ključ): /ˈbɛ.ta/

Etymology 1

From Antički Grčki βῆτα (bêta).

Noun

1. beta; the Greek letter Β (lowercase β).

Etymology 2

From Occitan beta.

Noun

1. boat; specifically a small, flat-bottom boat common to the coasts of Provence and Languedoc.

Dodatna literatura

• “beta” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.

---

Czech

Etymology

From Antički Grčki βῆτα (bêta).

Noun

beta n

1. beta (Greek letter)

---

Faroese

Etymology

From Antički Grčki βῆτα (bêta), ultimately from Proto-Semitic *bayt- (“house”).

Pronunciation

• MFA^(ključ): /ˈpeːʰta/
• Rime: -eːʰta
• Homophone: betað

Noun

beta n (genitive singular beta, plural betu)

1. beta (Greek letter)

Declension

Declension of beta
n1	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	beta	betað	betu, betur	betuni
accusative	beta	betað	betu, betur	betuni
dative	beta	betanum	betum	betunum
genitive	beta	betans	betna	betnanna

Derived terms

• betageisli m
• betageisling f

---

Galician

Etymology

From Antički Grčki βῆτα (bêta).

Noun

beta m (plural betas)

1. beta (Greek letter)

---

Icelandic

Noun

beta n (genitive singular alfa, no plural)

1. beta (Greek letter)

---

Italijanski

Pronunciation

• MFA^(ključ): /ˈbɛ.ta/
• Rime: -ɛta
• Hyphenation: bè‧ta

Etymology 1

From Latinski bēta, from Antički Grčki βῆτα (bêta).

Noun

beta f (plural #)

1. The name of the Greek script letter Β/β; beta
2. (computing) beta (software version)

Derived terms

• betacismo

Related terms

• bet

Etymology 2

From Latinski bēta (“beet”), from .

Noun

beta f (plural bete)

1. Alternative form of bieta; beet

Anagrams

• beat, tabe ^{(alphagram abet)}

---

Japanski

Romanization

beta

1. Rōmaji transcription of ベタ

---

Latinski

Etymology 1

Said by some sources to be of origin, but no obvious Celtic cognates exist. Also compared are blitum (“spinach”), meta (“conic heap of stones”) (compared to the root's spindle form), and less likely, sense 2, with the seed vessel resembling the letter.

Noun

beta

1. A beet.

Declension

First declension..

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	bēta	bētae
Genitive	bētae	bētārum
Dative	bētae	bētīs
Accusative	bētam	bētās
Ablative	bētā	bētīs
Vocative	bēta	bētae

Descendants

• Catalan: bleda (partially), bleda-rave
• Danski: bede
• Estonian: peet
• Middle Dutch: bete
  • Holandski: biete
• Old English: bēte
  • Engleski: beet

• Francuski: bette, betterave, blette (partially)
  • Galician: beterraba
  • Portugalski: beterraba
  • Španski: betarraga (Chile), beterraga (Chile), beterava (Western Argentina)
• Middle Low German: bete
  • Nemački: Bete
• Irski: biatas
• Italijanski: bieta (partially), bietola
• Latvian: biete
• Norwegian Bokmål: bete
• Norwegian Nynorsk: bete
• Norman: betterave
• Old Frisian: bete
• Old High German: bieza
• Sicilian: jiti (Southern East of Sicily) (it is probably pluralia tantum but preceded by definite article "a")
• Švedski: beta

Etymology 2

From Antički Grčki βῆτα (bêta).

Noun

beta

1. The Greek letter beta.

References

• “beta”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “beta”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• beta in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition, 1883–1887)
• Šablon:R:es:Roberts:2014
• Berti-Pichat (1866)
• Baxter (1837)
• Poiret (1827)
• von Lippmann (1925)
• Geschwind & Sellier (1902)
• Pabst (1887)
• Becker-Dillengen (1928)
• Biancardi, Panella & Lewellen (2011): Beta maritima: The Origin of Beets

---

Malay

Pronunciation

• (Johor-Selangor) MFA^(ključ): /betə/
• (Riau-Lingga) MFA^(ključ): /beta/
• Rime: -etə, -tə, -ə

Etymology 1

From Court Malay, Beta.

Pronoun

1. I, me, my (exclusive use in royalty, subject is either king or queen)

See also

• aku
• saya
• patik

Etymology 2

From Antički Grčki βῆτα (bêta).

Noun

1. beta (second letter of the Greek alphabet)

---

Old Irish

Alternative forms

• bete

Pronunciation

• MFA^(ključ): /ˈbʲeda/

Verb

beta

1. treće lice množine prezenta subjunctive relative of is
   • Šablon:RQ:sga-gloss

     sga

     —Cit comṡuidigthi la Grécu ní écen dúnni beta comṡuidigthi linn., Although they are compounds in Greek (lit. Šablon:m-g), it is not necessary for us that they be compounds in our language (lit. Šablon:m-g).

---

Polish

Pronunciation

• MFA^(ključ): /ˈbɛ.ta/

• Audio

  (file)

• Rime: -ɛta
• Syllabification: be‧ta

Etymology 1

Pozajmljeno od Antički Grčki βῆτα (bêta), from Phoenician 𐤁‬‎ (b‬ /⁠bēt⁠/).

Noun

beta f

1. beta Galicijski

Declension

declension of beta

	singular	plural
nominative	beta	bety
genitive	bety	bet
dative	becie	betom
accusative	betę	bety
instrumental	betą	betami
locative	becie	betach
vocative	beto	bety

Derived terms

nouns

• beta-karoten
• komórka beta
• promieniowanie beta
• stan beta
• wersja beta

 

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the main entry.

Noun

beta m inan

1. genitiva/akuzativa jednine of bet

Dodatna literatura

• beta in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• beta in Polish dictionaries at PWN

---

Portugalski

Etymology 1

From Latinski beta, from Antički Grčki βῆτα (bêta).

Noun

beta f (plural betas)

1. beta (all senses)

Etymology 2

Noun

beta f (plural betas)

1. beet (plant)

---

Rumunski

Etymology

From Francuski bêta.

Noun

beta m (plural beta)

1. beta (Greek letter)

Declension

declension of beta

	singular		plural
	indefinite articulation	definite articulation	indefinite articulation	definite articulation
nominative/accusative	(un) beta	betaul	(niște) beta	betai
genitive/dative	(unui) beta	betaului	(unor) beta	betalor
vocative	betaule		betalor

---

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

From Antički Grčki βῆτα (bêta).

Pronunciation

• MFA^(ključ): /bêta/
• Hyphenation: be‧ta

Noun

1. beta, the Greek letter, Β, β

Declension

Deklinacija od beta

	singular	plural
nominative	beta	bete
genitive	bete	beta
dative	beti	betama
accusative	betu	bete
vocative	beto	bete
locative	beti	betama
instrumental	betom	betama

---

Slovak

Etymology

From Antički Grčki βῆτα (bêta).

Pronunciation

• MFA^(ključ): [ˈbeta]

Noun

beta f (genitive singular bety, nominative plural bety, genitive plural biet, declension pattern of žena) OR
beta n

1. beta (Greek letter)

Usage notes

When used in the neuter gender, the word is not declined.

Declension

Declension of beta

	singular	plural
nominative	beta	bety
genitive	bety	biet
dative	bete	betám
accusative	betu	bety
locative	bete	betách
instrumental	betou	betami

References

• beta in Slovak dictionaries at korpus.sk

---

Španski

Etymology

From Antički Grčki βῆτα (bêta) ultimately from Proto-Semitic *bayt- (“house”).

Pronunciation

MFA^(ključ): /ˈbeta/, [ˈbet̪a]

• Homophone: veta

Noun

beta f (plural betas)

1. beta; the Greek letter Β, β

Derived terms

• partícula beta
• radiación beta
• rayo beta

 

Dodatna literatura

• “beta” in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014.

---

Švedski

Etymology 1

Latinski bēta, from Antički Grčki βῆτα (bêta).

Noun

beta n or c

1. beta; the Greek letter Β, β
2. (computing) a beta version of a program
3. (slang) short for minnesbeta

Declension

Declension of beta
	Singular		Plural
	Indefinite	Definite	Indefinite	Definite
Nominative	beta	betat	beta	betan
Genitive	betas	betats	betas	betans

Declension of beta
	Singular		Plural
	Indefinite	Definite	Indefinite	Definite
Nominative	beta	betan	betor	betorna
Genitive	betas	betans	betors	betornas

Verb

beta (present betar, preterite betade, supine betat, imperative beta)

1. to test software prior to release

Conjugation

Conjugation of beta (weak)

	Active	Passive
Infinitive	beta	betas
Present tense	betar	betas
Past tense	betade	betades
Supine	betat	betats
Imperative	beta	—
Present participle	betande
Past participle	betad

Etymology 2

Ultimately from Latinski bēta (“beet”).

Noun

beta c

1. beetroot

Declension

Declension of beta
	Singular		Plural
	Indefinite	Definite	Indefinite	Definite
Nominative	beta	betan	betor	betorna
Genitive	betas	betans	betors	betornas

Etymology 3

bete +‎ -a

Verb

beta (present betar, preterite betade, supine betat, imperative beta)

1. to graze; to eat grass; to feed on growing herbage.

Conjugation

Conjugation of beta (weak)

	Active	Passive
Infinitive	beta	betas
Present tense	betar	betas
Past tense	betade	betades
Supine	betat	betats
Imperative	beta	—
Present participle	betande
Past participle	betad

See also

• beta av
• bete

Etymology 4

Clipping of betaga; .

Pronunciation

• MFA^(ključ): /bɛˈtɑː/

Verb

1. to steal