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良い

Јапански


Етимологија 1

Kanji in this term
良
よ
Степен: 4
kun'yomi
Alternative spellings
善い
好い
吉い
佳い
宜い
可い

Modern form of Old Japanese adjective よし (yoshi).[1][2][3]

/joɕi/ (classical 終止形 (shūshikei) or terminal form) → /joki/ (classical 連体形 (rentaikei) or attributive form) → /joi/ (modern shūshikei and rentaikei)

Alternative forms

Pronunciation

Lua грешка in Модул:ja-pron at line 78: Parameter "yomi" is not used by this template..

  • Tokyo pitch accent of inflected forms of "良い"
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Continuative (連用形) 良く よく [yóꜜkù]
Terminal (終止形) 良い よい [yóꜜì]
Attributive (連体形) 良い よい [yóꜜì]
Key constructions
Informal negative 良くない よくない [yóꜜkùnàì]
Informal past 良かった よかった [yóꜜkàttà]
Informal negative past 良くなかった よくなかった [yóꜜkùnàkàttà]
Formal 良いです よいです [yóꜜìdèsù]
Conjunctive 良くて よくて [yóꜜkùtè]
Conditional 良ければ よければ [yóꜜkèrèbà]

Adjective

良(よ)い (yoi) 

  1. good
    Антоними: 悪い, 駄目
Usage notes
  • Most often written in hiragana. The kanji spelling is generally reserved for more formal writing.
Inflection
Inflection of 良い
Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形) 良かろ よかろ yokaro
Continuative (連用形) 良く よく yoku
Terminal (終止形) 良い よい yoi
Attributive (連体形) 良い よい yoi
Hypothetical (仮定形) 良けれ よけれ yokere
Imperative (命令形) 良かれ よかれ yokare
Key constructions
Informal negative 良くない よくない yoku nai
Informal past 良かった よかった yokatta
Informal negative past 良くなかった よくなかった yoku nakatta
Formal 良いです よいです yoi desu
Formal negative 良くないです よくないです yoku nai desu
Formal past 良かったです よかったです yokatta desu
Formal negative past 良くなかったです よくなかったです yoku nakatta desu
Conjunctive 良くて よくて yokute
Conditional 良ければ よければ yokereba
Provisional 良かったら よかったら yokattara
Volitional 良かろう よかろう yokarō
Adverbial 良く よく yoku
Degree 良さ よさ yosa
Classical conjugation of "良し" (ク活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形) 良く[1]
良から[2]		 よく
よから		 yoku
yokara
Continuative (連用形) 良く[1]
良かり[2]		 よく
よかり		 yoku
yokari
Terminal (終止形) 良し よし yosi
Attributive (連体形) 良き
良かる		 よき
よかる		 yoki
yokaru
Realis (已然形) 良けれ よけれ yokere
Imperative (命令形) 良かれ よかれ yokare
Key constructions
Negative 良からず よからず yokarazu
Contrasting conjunction 良けれど よけれど yokeredo
Causal conjunction 良ければ よければ yokereba
Conditional conjunction 良くば よくば yokuba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge) 良かりき よかりき yokariki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge) 良かりけり よかりけり yokarikeri
Adverbial 良く よく yoku
[1]Without auxiliary verb.
[2]With auxiliary verb.
Derived terms

Suffix

良(よ)い or 良い(suffix) (yoi or suffix) [[Категорија:Јапански Шаблон:error|よい]]

  1. easy
Usage notes
  • Most often written in hiragana. The kanji spelling is generally reserved for more formal writing.
  • Attaches to the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of a verb. Example:
    読(よ)み良(よ)い ― yomiyoi ― easy to read
However, in modern Japanese, the adjective 安い, 易い (yasui, “easy, easygoing”) is more commonly used to express this meaning.

Етимологија 2

Kanji in this term
良
え
Степен: 4
kun'yomi
Alternative spellings
善い
好い

Phonetic shift from the Old Japanese yoshi form of yoi above. Already in use as early as the Nihon Shoki, circa 720,[1][2][3] then becoming common in eastern Japanese from the Edo period.[2] This form is now obsolete, though it may still be found in some dialects.

/joɕi/ (classical 終止形 (shūshikei) or terminal form) → /eɕi/ (classical 終止形 (shūshikei) or terminal form) → /eki/ (classical 連体形 (rentaikei) or attributive form) → /ei/ (modern shūshikei and rentaikei)

Pronunciation

Lua грешка in Модул:ja-pron at line 78: Parameter "yomi" is not used by this template..

Adjective

良(え)い (ei) 

  1. (obsolete) good

Етимологија 3

Kanji in this term
良
い
Степен: 4
kun'yomi
Alternative spellings
善い
好い

Phonetic shift from ei above. This is now the most common form used in casual spoken Japanese.[1][2][3]

/ei/ → /ii/

Pronunciation

Lua грешка in Модул:ja-pron at line 78: Parameter "yomi" is not used by this template..

  • Tokyo pitch accent of inflected forms of "いい"
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Continuative (連用形) よく よく [yóꜜkù]
Terminal (終止形) いい いい [íꜜì]
Attributive (連体形) いい いい [íꜜì]
Key constructions
Informal negative よくない よくない [yóꜜkùnàì]
Informal past よかった よかった [yóꜜkàttà]
Informal negative past よくなかった よくなかった [yóꜜkùnàkàttà]
Formal いいです いいです [íꜜìdèsù]
Conjunctive よくて よくて [yóꜜkùtè]
Conditional よければ よければ [yóꜜkèrèbà]

Adjective

良(い)い (ii) 

  1. (colloquial, informal) good
  2. (colloquial, predicative only) enough; not wanted any more.
    酒(さけ)はもういい
    sake wa mō ii
    I have had enough wine/I don't want any more wine.
Usage notes
  • Most often written in hiragana. The kanji spelling is generally reserved for more formal writing.
  • The ii form does not inflect — it is only used in the 終止形 (shūshikei, “terminal form”) and 連体形 (rentaikei, “attributive form”) of ii. All other grammatical forms are based on the yoi form above. Compare the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or adverbial form”) yoku or the 過去形 (kakokei, “past tense”) yokatta: there is no *iku or *ikatta form.
  • In ironic usages denoting "very bad; embarrassing", the ii form is preferred to the yoi form.
Inflection

Inflection of 良い
Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形) よかろ yokaro
Continuative (連用形) よく yoku
Terminal (終止形) いい ii
Attributive (連体形) いい ii
Hypothetical (仮定形) よけれ yokere
Imperative (命令形) よかれ yokare
Key constructions
Informal negative よくない yoku nai
Informal past よかった yokatta
Informal negative past よくなかった yoku nakatta
Formal いいです ii desu
Formal negative よくないです yoku nai desu
Formal past よかったです yokatta desu
Formal negative past よくなかったです yoku nakatta desu
Conjunctive よくて yokute
Conditional よければ yokereba
Provisional よかったら yokattara
Volitional よかろう yokarō
Adverbial よく yoku
Degree よさ yosa
Derived terms

References

  1. ↑ 1,0 1,1 1,2 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Јапански), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. ↑ 2,0 2,1 2,2 2,3 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN 4-385-13905-9
  3. ↑ 3,0 3,1 3,2 1995, 大辞泉 (Daijisen) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN  4-09-501211-0
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