たい

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Јапански


Etymology 1

Lua грешка in Модул:utilities at line 170: attempt to call local 'upper' (a nil value). From たし (-tashi), generally regarded as a shift from Стари Јапански いたし (itasi, “painful”), modern 痛い (itai).[1] Appears as a verbal suffix from at least The Tale of the Heike completed before 1330. Replaces previous volitional or desiderative suffix まほし (mahoshi).[2]

Pronunciation

  • МФА(кључ): [ta̠i]
  • In Tokyo speech, the accent of the verb construction depends on the suffixed verb:[3]
    • If the suffixed verb is accented, the accent falls on the first mora in the suffix: つく​る [tsùkúꜜrù] (Nakadaka) → つくりた​い [tsùkúrítáꜜì] (Nakadaka)
    • If the suffixed verb is non-accented and the suffix is in the dictionary form (nonpast), the result is either non-accented or accented on the first mora of the suffix: あそぶ [àsóbú] (Heiban - [0]) → あそびたい [àsóbítáí] (Heiban - [0]) or あそびた​い [àsóbítáꜜì] (Nakadaka). Further conjugation is based on the accented version.

Suffix

Lua грешка in Модул:utilities at line 170: attempt to call local 'upper' (a nil value).

  1. Used to form the desiderative of verbs: want (to do); hope (to do)
    読(よ)みたいなら貸(か)すよ
    yomitai nara kasu yo
    If you want to read it, I can lend it to you.
    Script error: The function "template_categorize" does not exist.
    彼(かれ)は注(ちゅう)目(もく)されたい
    kare wa chūmoku saretai
    He wants to gain other people's attention.
    Script error: The function "template_categorize" does not exist.
    アイスが食(た)べたい
    aisu ga tabetai
    I want to eat ice cream.
    Script error: The function "template_categorize" does not exist.
  2. (only with verb ある, である and honorifics) Expressing a wish of the speaker: I hope that; I wish that
    正(しょう)直(じき)者(もの)がばかを見(み)ない世(よ)の中(なか)でありたい
    shōjikimono ga baka o minai yo no naka de aritai
    I wish in this world the honest people would not suffer losses.
    Script error: The function "template_categorize" does not exist.
    別(べっ)表(ぴょう)を参(さん)照(しょう)されたい
    beppyō o sanshō saretai
    Please see the appendix table.
    Script error: The function "template_categorize" does not exist.
Inflection
Inflection of たい
Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形) たかろ takaro
Continuative (連用形) たく taku
Terminal (終止形) たい tai
Attributive (連体形) たい tai
Hypothetical (仮定形) たけれ takere
Imperative (命令形) たかれ takare
Key constructions
Informal negative たくない taku nai
Informal past たかった takatta
Informal negative past たくなかった taku nakatta
Formal たいです tai desu
Formal negative たくないです taku nai desu
Formal past たかったです takatta desu
Formal negative past たくなかったです taku nakatta desu
Conjunctive たくて takute
Conditional たければ takereba
Provisional たかったら takattara
Volitional たかろう takarō
Adverbial たく taku
Degree たさ tasa
Classical conjugation of "たし" (ク活用, see Додатак:Јапански глаголи.)
Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形) たく[1]
たから[2]		 taku
takara
Continuative (連用形) たく[1]
たかり[2]		 taku
takari
Terminal (終止形) たし tasi
Attributive (連体形) たき
たかる		 taki
takaru
Realis (已然形) たけれ takere
Imperative (命令形) たかれ takare
Key constructions
Negative たからず takarazu
Contrasting conjunction たけれど takeredo
Causal conjunction たければ takereba
Conditional conjunction たくば takuba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge) たかりき takariki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge) たかりけり takarikeri
Adverbial たく taku
[1]Without auxiliary verb.
[2]With auxiliary verb.
Usage notes
  • The suffix たい (-tai) is used exclusively to talk about the speaker's own wants. When describing the wants of someone else, the suffix たがる (-tagaru) is used instead.
  • Attaches to the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verbs. The result is conjugated like an adjective (形容詞) but allows for the combination with nominal particles such as を, unlike regular adjectives.

Шаблон:ja-infl-demo

死(し)にたくない ― shinitaku nai ― do not want to die
それを食(た)べたかった。 ― sore o tabetakatta. ― I wanted to eat that.
  • Except for sense 2 (see above), たい does not express the meaning "someone wants other people to do something". In that case, 欲しい is usually used instead. Compare:
彼(かの)女(じょ)は帰(かえ)りたい
kanojo wa kaeritai
She wants to go home.
Script error: The function "template_categorize" does not exist.
彼(かの)女(じょ)は帰(かえ)ってほしい
kanojo wa kaette hoshii
I hope she could go home.
Script error: The function "template_categorize" does not exist.
  • Verb with たい can sometimes mark the grammatical object with が, besides the normal object marker を.
アイスが食(た)べたい
aisu ga tabetai
I want to eat ice cream.
Script error: The function "template_categorize" does not exist.
アイスを食(た)べたい
aisu o tabetai
I want to eat ice cream.
Script error: The function "template_categorize" does not exist.
  • This word is morphologically an inflectional suffix. It is classified as 助動詞 (jodōshi, “auxiliary verb”) in traditional Japanese grammar.
Derived terms

Etymology 2

За изговор и дефиниције од たい – види 鯛.
(Овај појам, たい, је an alternative spelling of the above terms.)

(Следећи унос је нестворен: 鯛.)

Etymology 3

За изговор и дефиниције од たい – види 体, 対, 隊, 太, 態, 袋, 胎, 堆, 泰, 敦, 他意.
(Овај појам, たい, је an alternative spelling of the above Sino-Japanese terms.)

(Следећи уноси је нестворен: 体, 対, 隊, 太, 態, 袋, 胎, 堆, 泰, 敦, 他意.)

Etymology 4

За изговор и дефиниције од たい – види 田井.
(Овај појам, たい, је an alternative spelling of the above terms.)

(Следећи унос је нестворен: 田井.)

Etymology 5

За изговор и дефиниције од たい – види 田居.
(Овај појам, たい, је an alternative spelling of the above terms.)

(Следећи унос је нестворен: 田居.)

References

  1. ↑ 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
  2. ↑ 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. ↑ Online Japanese Accent Dictionary (OJAD)
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