sap

Такође погледајте: Додатак:Варијанте од "sap"

Енглески

Pronunciation

• IPA^(кључ): /sæp/

• Audio (US):

  (file)

• Риме: -æp

Etymology 1

Од Средњи Енглески sap, од , од (compare Холандски sap, Немачки Saft, Icelandic safi), from Proto-Indo-European *sab-, *sap- (“to taste”) (compare Велшки syb-wydd (“fir”), Латински sapa (“must, new wine”), Руски со́пли (sópli, “snivel”), Old Armenian համ (ham, “taste”), Avestan 𐬬𐬌-𐬱𐬁𐬞𐬀 (vi-šāpa, “having poisonous juices”), Санскрт सबर् (sabar, “juice, nectar”)). More at sage.

The longstanding practice of sapping trees influenced the sense evolution of the military term as trench warfare receded from public conscience.

Именица

sap (countable and uncountable, plural saps)

1. (uncountable) The juice of plants of any kind, especially the ascending and descending juices or circulating fluid essential to nutrition.
2. (uncountable) The sapwood, or alburnum, of a tree.
3. Any juice.
4. (figurative) Vitality.
5. (slang, countable) A naive person; a simpleton.

   Синонимs: milksop, saphead

   Look at the sap mowing our lawn while we pretend our own lawnmower is broken.

Derived terms

• cell sap
• coconut sap
• crude sap
• elaborated sap
• pine sap
• sap ball
• sapful
• sap green
• saphead
• sapless
• sapling
• sap poison
• sappy
• sap rot
• sap shield
• sapsucker
• sap tube
• sapwood
• tree sap

 

Translations

juice of plant

• Amis: 'adeteng
• Arabic: نُسْغ m (nusḡ), عُصَارَة f (ʿuṣāra)
• Armenian: հույզ (hy) (huyz)
• Assamese: কহ (koh)
• Bashkir: һут (hut), һыу (hïw)
• Basque: izerdi (eu)
• Belarusian: сок m (sok)
• Bikol Central: duga
• Bulgarian: мъзга f (mǎzga), сок m (sok)
• Burmese: молим додајте овај превод ако можете
• Catalan: saba (ca) f
• Chamicuro: ijsana'to
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 樹液／树液 (zh) (shùyè), 汁 (zh) (shī)

• Czech: míza (cs) f
• Danish: træsaft c
• Dutch: sap (nl) n
• Esperanto: молим додајте овај превод ако можете
• Finnish: mahla (fi)
• French: sève (fr) f
• Galician: vizo m, seiva f, sarxa f, zume (gl) m, zurrio m
• Georgian: წვენი (c̣veni)
• German: Saft (de) m
• Hebrew: שרף (he) m (saraf)
• Hindi: अर्क (hi) m (ark), अरक (hi) m (arak), निर्यास (hi) m (niryās), गोंद (hi) m (gond)
• Ingrian: mahla
• Interlingua: succo
• Italian: linfa (it) f
• Japanese: 樹液 (ja) (じゅえき, jueki), 汁 (ja) (しる, shiru)
• Jarai: kơtăk
• Kapampangan: adta, agta
• Khmer: រុក្ខរស (rukkʰa’rʊəh), ជ័រ (km) (coa), រស (km) (rʊəh)
• Korean: 즙(汁) (ko) (jeup), 수액(樹液) (ko) (suaek)
• Lao: молим додајте овај превод ако можете
• Latin: sucus (la) m
• Macedonian: сок m (sok)
• Malay: getah (ms)
• Maori: tawau, tarawai, pia
• Middle English: sap
• Mongolian: молим додајте овај превод ако можете
• Mwani: urokozi class 14, unoni class 14 (Nkojo)
• Nepali: चोप ? (copa)
• Norman: sève f
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: (trees) sevje m or f

  Nynorsk: (trees) sevje f

• Old Javanese: gĕtih
• Persian: شیره (fa) (šire)
• Plautdietsch: Sauft f
• Polish: sok mleczny m
• Portuguese: seiva (pt) f
• Romanian: sevă (ro) f
• Russian: сок (ru) m (sok)
• Sanskrit: रस (sa) m (rasa), निर्यास (sa) m (niryāsa)
• Scottish Gaelic: brìgh f
• Slovak: miazga f
• Sorbian:

  Lower Sorbian: mězga f, brjacka f

• Spanish: savia (es) f
• Swahili: utomvu (sw) class 9/10
• Swedish: sav (sv) c
• Tagalog: dagta (tl)
• Tarifit: aserɣaɣ m
• Telugu: పాలు (te) (pālu)
• Thai: молим додајте овај превод ако можете
• Tibetan: молим додајте овај превод ако можете
• Tok Pisin: blut
• Turkish: öz su (tr)
• Ukrainian: сік m (sik)
• Vietnamese: nhựa (vi), mủ (vi)
• White Hmong: молим додајте овај превод ако можете
• Zhuang: молим додајте овај превод ако можете

sapwood of a tree

• Bulgarian: беловина f (belovina)
• Dutch: spint (nl) n, spinthout n
• Finnish: nila (fi)
• Galician: samo m, sámago m, aba (gl) f, alubra f
• German: Mantelholz n, Splint m
• Italian: alburno (it) m
• Khmer: ស្រាយ (km) (sraay)
• Macedonian: бело́вина f (belóvina)
• Middle English: sap
• Persian: برون‌چوب (fa) (borun-čub)
• Russian: за́болонь (ru) f (zábolonʹ)
• Scottish Gaelic: brìgh f, sùgh m
• Spanish: albura (es) f
• Tok Pisin: blut

slang: saphead

• Dutch: slappeling (nl) m, imbeciel (nl) m, idioot (nl) m, simpele (nl) m
• Finnish: hölmö (fi), tollo (fi), tomppeli (fi)
• French: naïf (fr) m, nigaud (fr) m
• Galician: caloio m, papoio m, bausán m, parvallán (gl) m, bobiche m
• German: Einfaltspinsel (de) m, Heulsuse (de) f, Simpel (de) m
• Hebrew: פראייר (he) m (frayer)
• Hungarian: balek (hu)
• Italian: sempliciotto (it) m
• Khmer: ឆោត (km) (cʰaot)
• Macedonian: про́стак m (próstak)
• Norwegian: tosk m
• Persian: اسکل (fa) (oskol)
• Plautdietsch: Laups m
• Romanian: fraier (ro) m
• Russian: простак (ru) m (prostak), простофиля (ru) m (prostofilja)
• Spanish: simplón (es) m

Verb

sap (third-person singular simple present saps, present participle sapping, simple past and past participle sapped)

1. (transitive) To drain, suck or absorb from (tree, etc.).
2. (transitive, figurative) To exhaust the vitality of.

Etymology 2

Probably from sapling.

Noun

sap (plural saps)

1. (countable, US, slang) A short wooden club; a leather-covered hand weapon; a blackjack.
   • 1944, William Faulkner, Leigh Brackett, Jules Furthman, The Big Sleep (screenplay)

     I risk my whole future, the hatred of the cops and Eddie Mars' gang. I dodge bullets and eat saps.

Translations

leather-covered hand weapon

• Dutch: ploertendoder (nl) m
• French: matraque (fr) f
• Italian: manganello (it) m

Verb

sap (third-person singular simple present saps, present participle sapping, simple past and past participle sapped)

1. (transitive, slang) To strike with a sap (with a blackjack).
   • 1944, William Faulkner, Leigh Brackett, Jules Furthman, The Big Sleep (screenplay)

     [A]s he passes the mouth of a narrow alley two men step out quickly. One of them saps Marlowe expertly — they drag him out of sight.

Translations

strike with a sap

• Dutch: knuppelen (nl)

Etymology 3

From Француски saper (compare Шпански zapar and Италијански zappare) from sape (“sort of scythe”), from Late Latin sappa (“sort of mattock”).

Noun

sap (plural saps)

1. (military) A narrow ditch or trench made from the foremost parallel toward the glacis or covert way of a besieged place by digging under cover of gabions, etc.

Derived terms

• sap fagot
• sapper
• sap roller

 

Translations

narrow ditch or trench

• Bulgarian: покрит окоп m (pokrit okop)
• Finnish: katettu juoksuhauta (literally “covered trench”)
• French: sape (fr) f
• German: Laufgraben (de) m
• Icelandic: skotgröf f
• Manx: fo-chlash f
• Russian: са́па (ru) f (sápa)
• Swedish: skyttegrav (sv) c, löpgrav (sv) c

Verb

sap (third-person singular simple present saps, present participle sapping, simple past and past participle sapped)

1. (transitive) To subvert by digging or wearing away; to mine; to undermine; to destroy the foundation of.
   • Шаблон:RQ:Dryden Metamorphoses
2. (transitive, military) To pierce with saps.
3. (transitive) To make unstable or infirm; to unsettle; to weaken.

4. (transitive) To gradually weaken.

   to sap one’s conscience

   he saps my energy

5. (intransitive) To proceed by mining, or by secretly undermining; to execute saps.

Translations

undermine

• Bulgarian: подкопавам (bg) (podkopavam)
• Dutch: ondermijnen (nl), aantasten (nl), ondergraven (nl)
• Finnish: kaivaa maata alta (object in genitive before alta)
• French: saper (fr), miner (fr)
• Ido: sapar (io)
• Italian: scalzare (it), minare (it)
• Portuguese: socavar
• Romanian: săpa (ro), submina (ro)
• Spanish: zapar (es), socavar (es)

pierce with saps

• Manx: towl

make unstable; weaken

• Dutch: ondermijnen (nl), verzwakken (nl), aantasten (nl)
• Finnish: uuvuttaa (fi), heikentää (fi)
• Italian: indebolire (it), fiaccare (it), logorare (it)

gradually weaken

• Bulgarian: изтощавам (bg) (iztoštavam)
• Dutch: ondermijnen (nl), knagen aan (nl), aantasten (nl)
• Finnish: heikentää (fi), kuluttaa (fi)
• German: aufzehren (de), erschöpfen (de)
• Maori: whakangoikore
• Russian: истощать (ru) (istoščatʹ), иссуша́ть (ru) (issušátʹ)

proceed by mining

• Dutch: ondermijnen (nl), ondergraven (nl)

Anagrams

• SPA, APS, PAS, Spa, APs, PsA, spa, asp, pas, Pas, PSA, ASP, SpA, PAs, Psa. ^{(alphagram aps)}

Aromanian

Alternative forms

• sapu, tsap, tsapu

Etymology

From Vulgar Latin *sappō, from Латински sappa. Compare Румунски săpa, sap, Француски saper, Италијански zappare, Sicilian zappari, Шпански zapar, Friulian sapâ, Venetian sapar, Латински sappa.

Verb

1. to dig (with a pick)

Related terms

• sapã
• sãpari / sãpare
• sãpat
• sãpãtor
• sãpãturã

 

See also

• tãrchescu
• arãm

Azerbaijani

Etymology 1

From Proto-Turkic *sạp-.

Noun

sap (definite accusative ?, plural ?)

1. thread

   Синоним: ip

Etymology 2

Noun

sap (definite accusative ?, plural ?)

1. grip, hilt

Further reading

• Шаблон:R:az:Obastan

Catalan

Pronunciation

• IPA^(кључ): (Central, Balearic, Valencia) [ˈsap]
• Риме: -ap

Etymology 1

See the etymology of the main entry.

Alternative forms

• sab (obsolete)

Etymology 2

Шаблон:bf.

Noun

1. common heather

   Синонимs: bruguerola, bronsa

Etymology 3

Verb

sap

1. form of saber

Further reading

• Шаблон:R:ca:IEC2

Dutch

Etymology

From Middle Dutch sap, from , from .

Pronunciation

• IPA^(кључ): /sɑp/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Хифенација: sap
• Риме: -ɑp

Noun

sap n (plural sappen, diminutive sapje n)

1. juice

   Hyponyms: aalbessensap, appelsap, citroensap, druivensap, sinaasappelsap, vruchtensap

2. sap (fluid in plants)

Derived terms

• aalbessensap
• appelsap
• appelsiensap
• bessensap
• bietensap
• boomsap
• citroensap
• druivensap
• maagsap
• perensap
• sappig
• sinaasappelsap
• vruchtensap
• wortelsap
• zwartebessensap

 

Descendants

• Африкански: sap
• Negerhollands: sap
• → Indonesian: getah (semantic loan)

Anagrams

• pas ^{(alphagram aps)}

Hokkien

За изговор и дефиниције од sap – види 圾. (Овај character, sap, је the Pe̍h-ōe-jī облик од 圾.)

За изговор и дефиниције од sap – види 屑. (Овај character, sap, је the Pe̍h-ōe-jī облик од 屑.)

За изговор и дефиниције од sap – види 雪. (Овај character, sap, је the Pe̍h-ōe-jī облик од 雪.)

За изговор и дефиниције од sap – види 霎. (Овај character, sap, је the Pe̍h-ōe-jī облик од 霎.)

За изговор и дефиниције од sap – види 歃. (Овај character, sap, је the Pe̍h-ōe-jī облик од 歃.)

Kholosi

Etymology

From .

Noun

sap ?

1. snake

References

• Шаблон:R:inc-kho:Anonby

Middle English

Alternative forms

• saape, saappe, sape, sapp, sappe, zep
• sæp, sæpp (Early Middle English)

Etymology

From , from , from .

Pronunciation

• IPA^(кључ): /sap/, /saːp/

Noun

sap (uncountable)

1. sap (plant juices)
2. sapwood (wood under bark)
3. (rare) earwax

Derived terms

• sapplyng
• sappy

 

Descendants

• Енглески: sap
• Шкотски: sap, saup

References

• “sā̆p(e” in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.

Polish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(кључ): /sap/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Риме: -ap
• Syllabification: sap

Verb

sap

1. друго лице једнине императива of sapać

Romani

Etymology

From , from , from Proto-Indo-Iranian *sarpás. Cognate with Punjabi ਸੱਪ (sappa, “snake”).

Noun

1. snake

   Kana sas anθ-o veś, jekh sap dandardǎs man.

   While I was in the woods, a snake bit me.

References

• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “sap”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 766
• Yaron Matras (2002), “Historical and linguistic origins”, in Romani: A Linguistic Introduction‎^[1], Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN 0-511-03580-2, page 40
• Yūsuke Sumi (2018), “sap, ~a”, in ニューエクスプレスプラス　ロマ（ジプシー）語 [New Express Plus Romani (Gypsy)], Tokyo: Hakusuisha, published 2021, →ISBN 978-4-560-08916-3, OCLC 1267332830, page 154

Romanian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(кључ): [sap]

Verb

sap

1. прво лице једнине презента индикатива/subjunctive of săpa

Tausug

Etymology

Позајмљено од Malay cap.

Noun

1. seal; stamp

Turkish

Etymology

From Ottoman Turkish صاپ (sap, “handle; stalk; hair”), from Proto-Turkic *sạp (“handle”). Cognate with Old Turkic [script needed] (sap).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(кључ): /ˈsɑp/

Adjective

1. (slang) not having a significant other

Noun

sap (definite accusative sapı, plural saplar)

1. handle
2. stem, stalk
3. (slang) penis
4. (slang) male

Veps

Etymology

From .

Noun

sap

1. bile, gall

Volapük

Etymology

Позајмљено од Латински sapiō (“I am wise”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(кључ): /sɑːp/

Noun

sap

1. wisdom

Zhuang

Etymology 1

From Proto-Tai *saːpᴰ (“cockroach”). Cognate with Тајски สาบ (sàap), Lao ສາບ (sāp), Shan သၢပ်ႇ (sàap), Bouyei saabt.

Noun

sap (old orthography sap)

1. cockroach

Etymology 2

Verb

sap (old orthography sap)

1. to wear shoes with the heels stepping down on the back of the shoes