Додатак:Латински трећа деклинација
Nouns
[уреди]Description
[уреди]Latin nouns of the third declension comprise consonant stems and i-stems (e.g., as the i in the neutral genitive plural animalium). They are of all three genders, and have genitives in -is. The forms of the nominative and vocative singular are identical to each other and are often quite different from other cases, in which case both stems are given in citation forms.
Words borrowed from Greek's third declension are inflected with a varying mixture of Greek and Latin case endings.
Examples
[уреди]Consonant stem
[уреди]Citation form: homō, hominis m
| Case | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | homō | homin·ēs |
| genitive | homin·is | homin·um |
| dative | homin·ī | homin·ibus |
| accusative | homin·em | homin·ēs |
| ablative | homin·e | homin·ibus |
| vocative | homō | homin·ēs |
| locative | homin·e (-ī) | homin·ibus |
Neuter consonant stem
[уреди]Citation form: nōmen, nōminis n
| Case | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | nōmen | nōmin·a |
| genitive | nōmin·is | nōmin·um |
| dative | nōmin·ī | nōmin·ibus |
| accusative | nōmen | nōmin·a |
| ablative | nōmin·e | nōmin·ibus |
| vocative | nōmen | nōmin·a |
| locative | nōmin·ī | nōmin·ibus |
I-stem
[уреди]Citation form: turris, turris f
| Case | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | turris | turrēs |
| genitive | turris | turrium |
| dative | turrī | turribus |
| accusative | turrem (-im) | turrēs (-īs) |
| ablative | turre (-ī) | turribus |
| vocative | turris | turrēs |
| locative | turrī | turribus |
"Pure" i-stem
[уреди]Citation form: animal, animālis n
| Case | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | animal | animālia |
| genitive | animālis | animālium |
| dative | animālī | animālibus |
| accusative | animal | animālia |
| ablative | animālī | animālibus |
| vocative | animal | animālia |
| locative | animālī | animālibus |
Mixed declension (mixed i-stem)
[уреди]Citation form: nox, noctis f
| Case | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | nox | noctēs |
| genitive | noctis | noctium |
| dative | noctī | noctibus |
| accusative | noctem | noctēs |
| ablative | nocte | noctibus |
| vocative | nox | noctēs |
| locative | noctī | noctibus |
Greek declensions
[уреди]Citation form: āēr, āeris m, sometimes f
| Case | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | āēr | āer·ēs |
| genitive | āer·is | āer·um |
| dative | āer·ī | āer·ibus |
| accusative | āer·a / āer·em | āer·ēs |
| ablative | āer·e | āer·ibus |
| vocative | āēr | āer·ēs |
| locative | āer·ī | āer·ibus |
Citation form: tigris, tigridis m and f
| Case | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | tigris | tigr·ēs / tigrid·ēs |
| genitive | tigrid·is / tigr·is | tigr·ium |
| dative | tigrid·ī / tigr·ī | tigr·ibus |
| accusative | tigr·im / tigr·in | tigr·is / tigrid·as |
| ablative | tigrid·e / tigr·ī | tigr·ibus |
| vocative | tigris | tigr·ēs / tigrid·ēs |
| locative | tigrid·ī / tigr·ī | tigr·ibus |
Similiar to i-stem declension:
| Case | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | -is | -es |
| genitive | -is; -eos | -ium; -eon |
| dative | -i | -ibus |
| accusative | -im; -in | -is, -es; -eis |
| ablative | -i | -ibus |
| vocative | -is | -es |
Examples:
Several feminine proper nouns from Greek end in -ō, genitive in -ūs, such as: Aëllō, Allēctō (Alēctō), Argō, Brīmō, Callistō, Calypsō, Celaenō, Cētō, Chariclō, Clīō, Clōthō (Clōtō), Dīdō, Drȳmō, Ēchō, Enȳō, Eratō, Erichthō, Hērō (Erō), Īō, Īnō, Lātō, Lētō, Mantō, Melanthō, Pērō, Polyxō, Pȳthō, Sapphō, Theānō, Tȳro, Xanthō.
Notes:
- Some of these nouns have regular third declension forms.
- While these words usually belong to the third declension, some English-speaking grammarians (incorrectly) put them to the fourth declension.
Adjectives
[уреди]Description
[уреди]Latin nouns of the third declension comprise consonant stems and i-stems. The consonant stems include the comparative form of adjectives. This declension is divided into three subcategories: adjectives of one termination (which includes present participles), adjectives of two terminations (one for m and f, and one for n), and adjectives of three terminations (which are generally -er m, -ris f and -re n).
Examples
[уреди]One-termination consonant stem
[уреди]Citation form: vetus, -eris
| Case | m f singular | n singular | m f plural | n plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | vetus | vetus | veter·ēs | veter·a |
| genitive | veter·is | veter·is | veter·um | veter·um |
| dative | veter·ī | veter·ī | veter·ibus | veter·ibus |
| accusative | veter·em | vetus | veter·ēs | veter·a |
| ablative | veter·e | veter·e | veter·ibus | veter·ibus |
| vocative | vetus | vetus | veter·ēs | veter·a |
| locative | veter·ī | veter·ī | veter·ibus | veter·ibus |
One-termination i-stem
[уреди]Citation form: atrōx, -ōcis
| Case | m f singular | n singular | m f plural | n plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | atrōx | atrōx | atrōc·ēs | atrōc·ia |
| genitive | atrōc·is | atrōc·is | atrōc·ium | atrōc·ium |
| dative | atrōc·ī | atrōc·ī | atrōc·ibus | atrōc·ibus |
| accusative | atrōc·em | atrōx | atrōc·ēs, ·īs | atrōc·ia |
| ablative | atrōc·ī | atrōc·ī | atrōc·ibus | atrōc·ibus |
| vocative | atrōx | atrōx | atrōc·ēs | atrōc·ia |
| locative | atrōc·ī | atrōc·ī | atrōc·ibus | atrōc·ibus |
Two-termination consonant stem (comparatives)
[уреди]Citation form: melior, -us
| Case | m f singular | n singular | m f plural | n plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | melior | melius | meliōr·ēs | meliōr·a |
| genitive | meliōr·is | meliōr·is | meliōr·um | meliōr·um |
| dative | meliōr·ī | meliōr·ī | meliōr·ibus | meliōr·ibus |
| accusative | meliōr·em | melius | meliōr·ēs | meliōr·a |
| ablative | meliōr·e | meliōr·e | meliōr·ibus | meliōr·ibus |
| vocative | melior | melius | meliōr·ēs | meliōr·a |
| locative | meliōr·ī | meliōr·ī | meliōr·ibus | meliōr·ibus |
Two-termination i-stem
[уреди]Citation form: tristis, -e
| Case | m f singular | n singular | m f plural | n plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | trist·is | trist·e | trist·ēs | trist·ia |
| genitive | trist·is | trist·is | trist·ium | trist·ium |
| dative | trist·ī | trist·ī | trist·ibus | trist·ibus |
| accusative | trist·em | trist·e | trist·ēs, -īs | trist·ia |
| ablative | trist·ī | trist·ī | trist·ibus | trist·ibus |
| vocative | trist·is | trist·e | trist·ēs | trist·ia |
| locative | trist·ī | trist·ī | trist·ibus | trist·ibus |