Додатак:Латински друга деклинација
Опис
[уреди]Latin words of the second declension are generally of masculine gender (ending in -us) or neuter gender (ending in -um), and have a genitive in -ī.
Latin words borrowed from Антички Грчке друге деклинације are inflected with a varying mixture of Greek and Latin endings.
Примери
[уреди]| Case | -us, -ī (m) | stem in -r/-er (m) |
-um, -ī (n) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | |||
| nominative | -us | – | -um |
| genitive | -ī ‡¹ | ||
| dative | -ō | ||
| accusative | -um | ||
| ablative | -ō | ||
| vocative | -e / ~ī ‡² | – | -um |
| locative | -ī | ||
| Case | Plural | ||
| nominative | -ī | -a | |
| genitive | -ōrum | ||
| dative | -īs | ||
| accusative | -ōs | -a | |
| ablative | -īs | ||
| vocative | -ī | -a | |
| locative | -īs | ||
Notes:
- ‡¹ In antique Latin, words ending in -ius or -ium take the ending -ī in genitive singular. e.g. in antique times, fīlius became fīlī in the genitive singular (later and nowadays fīliī), and negōtium became negōtī (later and nowadays negōtiī).
- ‡² * Words ending in -ius and -ium becomes ī. E.g. fīlius becomes fīlī in vocative singular.
Examples:
N.B.
- The singular vocative of second declension -us nouns is the only place in pure Latin words in which the vocative ever differs from the nominative forms: -e instead of -us. The plural vocative is the same as the nominative. As seen in filius, filiī, the vocative singular changes the -ius into an -ī, instead of changing the -us into an -e.
- deus, -ī m has several irregular plural forms.
Greek declension
[уреди]| Case | -os / -us m/f | -on / -um n |
|---|---|---|
| Singular | ||
| nominative | -os / -us | -on / -um |
| genitive | -ī | |
| dative | -ō | |
| accusative | -on / -um | |
| ablative | -ō | |
| vocative | -e | -on / -um |
| locative | -ī | |
| Case | Plural | |
| nominative | -ī | -a |
| genitive | -ōrum | |
| dative | -īs | |
| accusative | -ōs | -a |
| ablative | -īs | |
| vocative | -ī | -a |
| locative | -īs | |
Examples:
- atomus (-os), -ī, f
- ampelos, -ī, f
- mȳthos, -ī, m
- phaenomenon, -ī, n
N.B.
- Genitive, dative, ablative, locative and usually also the plural are the same as in Latin words; for -os/-us it is like Latin -us and words with stem in r/er, and for -on/-um it is like Latin -um.
- In case of proper nouns and book titles genitive plural -ōn and nominative plural -oe can appear, as in Vergil's Georgicon Libri alias Georgica and in Terence' Adelphoe.