仮名

Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
仮	名
か(り) Степен: 5	な Степен: 1
kun’yomi

From Стари Јапански. Compound of 仮 (kari, “borrowing; provisional thing”, cognate with verb 借る karu, “to borrow”, the Стари Јапански form of modern 借りる kariru) +‎ 字 (na, “name, character”), from the way that Chinese characters were borrowed for their phonetic values to spell out the sounds of native Japanese words.

In contrast to 真名 (mana, “true name, true character”), a synonym for 漢字 (kanji), indicating Chinese characters used for the meaning instead of for their sound.

Alternative forms

• 仮字 (rare)

Pronunciation

• Kun’yomi
  • (Tokyo) かりな [kàríná] (Heiban – [0])
  • МФА^(кључ): [ka̠ɾʲina̠]

Noun

仮名 (shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai kanji 假名, hiragana かりな, rōmaji karina)

1. a category of Japanese syllabary scripts: kana
2. a syllabogram, an individual character belonging to one of the syllabaries: kana
3. a temporary name, an alias

Synonyms

Synonyms

• (alias): 変 (へん)名 (めい) (henmei): changed name; 偽 (ぎ)名 (めい) (gimei): false or fictitious name

Antonyms

Antonyms

• (alias): 実名 (じつめい) (jitsumei): actual name; 本 (ほん)名 (みょう) (honmyō): real name

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
仮	名
かり > かん Степен: 5	な Степен: 1
Irregular

/karina/ → /kanna/

Contraction of karina above.

Alternative forms

• 仮字 (rare)

Pronunciation

• (Irregular reading)
  • МФА^(кључ): [kã̠nːa̠]

Noun

仮名 (shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai kanji 假名, hiragana かんな, rōmaji kanna)

1. a category of Japanese syllabary scripts: kana
2. a syllabogram, an individual character belonging to one of the syllabaries: kana

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
仮	名
か Степен: 5	な Степен: 1
Irregular

/karina/ → /kanna/ → /kana/

Contraction of kanna above. The reading may appear to be jūbakoyomi, but is instead actually an irregular development of the kun'yomi.

Alternative forms

• 仮字 (rare)

Pronunciation

• (Irregular reading)
  • (Tokyo) かな [kàná] (Heiban – [0])
  • МФА^(кључ): [ka̠na̠]

Noun

仮名 (shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai kanji 假名, hiragana かな, rōmaji kana)

1. a category of Japanese syllabary scripts: kana
2. a syllabogram, an individual character belonging to one of the syllabaries: kana
   • Шаблон:RQ:Nippo Jisho

     Cana. カナ (仮名・仮字) 日本の文字の一種. Cananiyù. (仮名に言ふ) 皆の人がわかるように, やさしく話す.

Derived terms

Изведени термини

• 振 (ふ)り仮 (が)名 (な) (furigana)
• 変体仮名 (へんたいがな) (hentaigana)
• 平仮名 (ひらがな) (hiragana)
• 以 (い)呂 (ろ)波 (は)仮 (が)名 (な) (irohagana)
• 異体仮名 (いたいがな) (itaigana)
• 上代仮名 (じょうだいがな) (jōdaigana)
• 仮名文 (かなぶみ) (kanabumi)
• 片仮名 (かたかな) (katakana)
• 訓 (くん)仮 (が)名 (な) (kungana)
• 真 (ま)仮 (が)名 (な) (magana)
• 豆仮名 (まめがな) (mamegana)
• 万 (まん)葉 (よう)仮 (が)名 (な) (man'yōgana)
• 送 (おく)り仮 (が)名 (な) (okurigana)
• 音 (おん)仮 (が)名 (な) (ongana)
• 女仮名 (おんながな) (onnagana)
• 男仮名 (おとこがな) (otokogana)
• 草 (そう)仮 (が)名 (な) (sōgana)
• 助仮名 (すけがな) (sukegana)
• 捨 (す)て仮 (が)名 (な) (sutegana)
• 裏仮名 (うらがな) (uragana)
• 総 (そう)仮 (が)名 (な) (sōgana)
• 付 (つ)け仮 (が)名 (な) (tsukegana)
• 読 (よ)み仮 (が)名 (な) (yomigana)
• 四 (よ)つ仮 (が)名 (な) (yotsugana)

Etymology 4

Kanji in this term
仮	名
か Степен: 5	めい Степен: 1
on’yomi

From Средњи Кинески 假名 (kæ^X mjieng, literally “borrowed; false + name”). Kan'on, so probably a somewhat later borrowing from Chinese. Compare modern Кантонски reading gaa² meng^4-2.

Pronunciation

• On’yomi: Kan’on
  • (Tokyo) かめー [kàméé] (Heiban – [0])
  • МФА^(кључ): [ka̠me̞ː]

Noun

仮名 (shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai kanji 假名, hiragana かめい, rōmaji kamei)

1. an assumed name: an alias, sobriquet, pen name

Synonyms

Synonyms

• 変 (へん)名 (めい) (henmei): changed name; 偽 (ぎ)名 (めい) (gimei): false or fictitious name

Antonyms

Antonyms

• 実名 (じつめい) (jitsumei): actual name
• 本 (ほん)名 (みょう) (honmyō): real name

Etymology 5

Kanji in this term
仮	名
け Степен: 5	みょう Степен: 1
on’yomi

/kemjau/ → /kemjɔː/ → /kemjoː/

From Средњи Кинески 假名 (kæ^X mjieng, literally “borrowed; false + name”). Goon, so probably an earlier borrowing from Chinese. Compare modern Мин Нан reading ké-miâ.

The Buddhist sense derives from use of this term in Chinese as a translation of the Санскрт term प्रज्ञप्ति (prajñapti, “appointing → provisional naming”), used in some Buddhist schools to refer to the practice of conceptualising and naming things that are not real.

Pronunciation

• On’yomi: Goon
  • (Tokyo) けみょー [kèmyóó] (Heiban – [0])
  • МФА^(кључ): [ke̞mʲo̞ː]

Noun

仮名 (shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai kanji 假名, hiragana けみょう, rōmaji kemyō, historical hiragana けみやう)

1. an assumed name: an alias, sobriquet, pen name
2. in feudal Japan, a public name given to boys upon coming of age, after which their birth names would be kept private
3. a provisional name given to someone when the real name is unknown: compare English Jane Doe, John Doe
4. (Buddhism) the conceptualisation and provisional naming of things that are not real; something so named

Synonyms

Synonyms

• (alias): 変 (へん)名 (めい) (henmei): changed name; 偽 (ぎ)名 (めい) (gimei): false or fictitious name
• (public name): 呼 (よ)び名 (な) (yobina): calling or addressing name; 通 (つう)称 (しょう) (tsūshō): common appellation; 俗称 (ぞくしょう) (zokushō): popular or everyday appellation

Antonyms

Antonyms

• (alias): 実名 (じつめい) (jitsumei): actual name; 本 (ほん)名 (みょう) (honmyō): real name
• (public name): 実名 (じつめい) (jitsumei): actual name

References

• Doi, Tadao (1603–1604) Hōyaku Nippo Jisho (in ), Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, published 1980, →ISBN.