仮名

Japanski

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
仮	名
かり Stepen: 5	な Stepen: 1
kun'yomi

Alternative spellings
假名 (kyūjitai) 仮字 (rare)

From Old Japanese. Compound of 仮 (kari, “borrowing; provisional thing”, cognate with verb 借る karu, “to borrow”, the Old Japanese form of modern 借りる kariru) +‎ 字 (na, “name, character”), from the way that Chinese characters were borrowed for their phonetic values to spell out the sounds of native Japanese words.^[1]^[2]

In contrast to 真名 (mana, “true name, true character”), a synonym for 漢字 (kanji), indicating Chinese characters used for the meaning instead of for their sound.^[1]^[2]

Pronunciation

() かりな [kàríná] (Heiban – [0])^[2]
MFA^(ključ): [ka̠ɾʲina̠]

Noun

仮(かり)名(な) (karina)

a category of Japanese syllabary scripts: kana
a syllabogram, an individual character belonging to one of the syllabaries: kana
a temporary name, an alias

Synonyms

(alias): 変名(へんめい) (henmei): changed name; 偽名(ぎめい) (gimei): false or fictitious name

Antonyms

(alias): 実名(じつめい) (jitsumei): actual name; 本名(ほんみょう) (honmyō): real name

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
仮	名
かり > かん Stepen: 5	な Stepen: 1
irregular	kun'yomi

Alternative spellings
假名 (kyūjitai) 仮字 (rare)

/karina/ → /kanna/

Contraction of karina above.

Pronunciation

MFA^(ključ): [kã̠nːa̠]

Noun

仮(かん)名(な) (kanna)

a category of Japanese syllabary scripts: kana
a syllabogram, an individual character belonging to one of the syllabaries: kana

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
仮	名
かり > か Stepen: 5	な Stepen: 1
irregular	kun'yomi

Alternative spellings
假名 (kyūjitai) 仮字 (rare)

/karina/ → /kanna/ → /kana/

Contraction of kanna above. The reading may appear to be jūbakoyomi, but is instead actually an irregular development of the kun'yomi.

Pronunciation

() かな [kàná] (Heiban – [0])^[3]^[2]^[4]
MFA^(ključ): [ka̠na̠]

Noun

仮(か)名(な) (kana)

a category of Japanese syllabary scripts: kana
a syllabogram, an individual character belonging to one of the syllabaries: kana
- Šablon:RQ:Nippo Jisho
  Cana. カナ (仮名・仮字) 日本の文字の一種. Cananiyù. (仮名に言ふ) 皆の人がわかるように, やさしく話す.

Derived terms

Izvedeni termini

Etymology 4

Kanji in this term
仮	名
か Stepen: 5	めい Stepen: 1
kan'on

Alternative spelling
假名 (kyūjitai)

From Middle Chinese [Term?] 假名 (literally “borrowed; false + name”) 假名 (kæ^X mjieng). The kan'on reading, so probably a somewhat later borrowing from Chinese. Compare modern Kantonski reading gaa² meng^4-2.

Pronunciation

() かめー [kàméé] (Heiban – [0])^[3]^[2]^[4]
MFA^(ključ): [ka̠me̞ː]

Noun

仮(か)名(めい) (kamei)

pseudonym, alias, sobriquet, pen name

Synonyms

変名(へんめい) (henmei): changed name; 偽名(ぎめい) (gimei): false or name

Antonyms

実名(じつめい) (jitsumei): actual name
本名(ほんみょう) (honmyō): real name

Etymology 5

Kanji in this term
仮	名
け Stepen: 5	みょう Stepen: 1
goon

Alternative spelling
假名 (kyūjitai)

/kemjau/ → /kemjɔː/ → /kemjoː/

From Middle Chinese 假名 (literally “borrowed; false + name”) 假名 (kæ^X mjieng, literally “borrowed; false + name”). The goon reading, so probably an earlier borrowing from Chinese. Compare modern Min Nan reading ké-miâ.

The Buddhist sense derives from use of this term in Chinese as a translation of Sanskrt प्रज्ञप्ति (prajñapti, “appointing → provisional naming”), used in some Buddhist schools to refer to the practice of conceptualising and naming things that are not real.

Pronunciation

() けみょー [kèmyóó] (Heiban – [0])^[2]
MFA^(ključ): [ke̞mʲo̞ː]

Noun

仮(け)名(みょう) (kemyō) ^{←けみやう (kemyau)^?}

a pseudonym, an alias, sobriquet, pen name
in feudal Japan, a public name given to boys upon coming of age, after which their birth names would be kept private
a provisional name given to someone when the real name is unknown: compare English Jane Doe, John Doe
(Buddhism) the conceptualisation and provisional naming of things that are not real; something so named

Synonyms

(pseudonym): 変名(へんめい) (henmei): changed name; 偽名(ぎめい) (gimei): false name
(public name): 呼(よ)び名(な) (yobina): calling or addressing name; 通称(つうしょう) (tsūshō): common appellation; 俗称(ぞくしょう) (zokushō): popular or everyday appellation

Antonyms

(alias): 実名(じつめい) (jitsumei): actual name; 本名(ほんみょう) (honmyō): real name
(public name): 実名(じつめい) (jitsumei): actual name

References

↑ ^1,0 ^1,1 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanski), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
↑ ^2,0 ^2,1 ^2,2 ^2,3 ^2,4 ^2,5 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN 4-385-13905-9
↑ ^3,0 ^3,1 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN 978-4-14-011112-3
↑ ^4,0 ^4,1 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanski), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

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[KDJ-1] 1,0 ^1,1 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanski), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

[DJR-2] 2,0 ^2,1 ^2,2 ^2,3 ^2,4 ^2,5 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN 4-385-13905-9

[NHK-3] 3,0 ^3,1 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN 978-4-14-011112-3

[SMK5-4] 4,0 ^4,1 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanski), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

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