頭
|
Redosled pisanja | |||
---|---|---|---|
Han character
頭 (Kangxi radical 181, 頁+7, 16 strokes, cangjie input 一廿一月金 (MTMBC), četiri-ugla 11186, composition ⿰豆頁)
Derived characters
Related characters
References
- KangXi: page 1404, karakter 20
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: karakter 43490
- Dae Jaweon: strana 1921, karakter 13
- Hanyu Da Zidian: tom 7, strana 4372, karakter 5
- Unihan data za U+982D
trad. | 頭 | |
---|---|---|
jedn. | 头 | |
alternativne forme | 䫁 𥘖 |
Glyph origin
Istorijski oblici karaktera 頭 |
---|
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) |
Small seal script |
Znakovi u istom fonetskom nizu (豆) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
---|---|
Stari Kineski | |
侸 | |
剅 | |
郖 | |
鬪 | |
鋀 | |
頭 | |
豆 | |
逗 | |
痘 | |
梪 | |
脰 | |
荳 | |
浢 | |
餖 | |
毭 | |
豎 | |
裋 | |
短 |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声 (xíngshēng)) : phonetic 豆 + semantic 頁/页 (“head”).
Etymology
Replaced earlier 首 (“head”) due to homophony with 手 (“hand”) (Sagart, 1999).
Several etymologies have been proposed:
- From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *d-bu-s (“head”) or its allofam *du (“head”); compare Tibetan དབུ (dbu, “head”), Burmese ဦး (u:, “head”), Sichuan Yi ꀑ (o, “head”), Proto-Loloish *ʔ-du² (“head”) (Benedict, 1972; Schuessler, 2007; STEDT; Starostin).
- From Proto-Mon-Khmer *duul() (“to carry on one's head”), whence Khmer ទូល (tuul); this is phonologically plausible since final consonants are often lost after a long vowel in loanwords (Schuessler, 2007).
- A variant of 豆 (“a kind of vessel”), as skulls could have been used as drinking recipients; compare Francuski tête (“head”) from Latinski testa (“pot; jug”) and Nemački Kopf (“head”) from Middle High German kopf (“drinking vessel”) (Maréchal, 1994; Sagart, 1999). However, Schuessler (2007) notes that 豆 seems like a tone C (去聲) derivation from 頭, which may have originally meant “skull”.
- Baxter and Sagart (2014) reconstructs the Old Chinese with a *m- prefix for human body parts, deriving it from 兜 (“helmet; hood”).
Pronunciation 1
Definitions
頭
- (anatomy) head (Klasifikator: 個/个 m c)
- 居喪之禮,頭有創則沐,身有瘍則浴。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Book of Rites, circa 4th – 2nd century BCE
- Jūsāng zhī lǐ, tóu yǒu chuāng zé mù, shēn yǒu yáng zé yù. [Pinyin]
- According to the same rules, if he have a scab on his head, he should wash it; if he have a sore on his body, he should bathe it.
居丧之礼,头有创则沐,身有疡则浴。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]- 我又要叫你和女人彼此為仇;你的後裔和女人的後裔也彼此為仇。女人的後裔要傷你的頭;你要傷他的腳跟。 [MSC, trad.]
- From: 新標點和合本/新标点和合本 (Chinese Union Version with New Punctuation), 創世記 (Genesis) 3:15
- Wǒ yòu yào jiào nǐ hé nǚrén bǐcǐ wéi chóu; nǐ de hòuyì hé nǚrén de hòuyì yě bǐcǐ wéi chóu. Nǚrén de hòuyì yào shāng nǐ de tóu; nǐ yào shāng tā de jiǎogēn. [Pinyin]
- And I will put enmity between thee and the woman, and between thy seed and her seed; it shall bruise thy head, and thou shalt bruise his heel.
我又要叫你和女人彼此为仇;你的后裔和女人的后裔也彼此为仇。女人的后裔要伤你的头;你要伤他的脚跟。 [MSC, simp.]
- hair; hairstyle
- beginning or end
- top; tip; end
- chief; boss; leader Galicijski
- remnant; end
- first; leading
- (used before a classifier or a numeral) first
- (Hakka, Min Nan, dated in Mainland China) station
- 車頭/车头 [Min Nan] ― 車-頭 [Pe̍h-ōe-jī] ― train station
- side; aspect
- Classifier for livestock. ⇒ all nouns using this classifier
- (dialectal) Classifier for other animals.
- (Min Bei) Classifier for flowers.
Synonyms
Pronunciation 2
Definitions
頭
- Suffix that forms nouns.
Compounds
Descendants
References
- Multi-function Chinese Character Database (漢語多功能字庫)
- Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A04555
Kanji
Lua greška in Modul:languages at line 1302: The function getByCode expects a string as its first argument, but received nil..
- head
- counter for large animals
Readings
- Go-on: ず (zu, Jōyō)←づ (du, historical)
- Kan-on: とう (tō, Jōyō)←とう (tou, historical)
- Tō-on: じゅう (jū)←ぢゆう (dyuu, historical)
- Kan’yō-on: と (to, Jōyō †)
- Kun: あたま (atama, 頭, Jōyō); かしら (kashira, 頭); かぶり (kaburi, 頭); こうべ (kōbe, 頭)←かうべ (kaube, 頭, historical)
- Nanori: かぶ (kabu); かぶし (kabushi); かみ (kami); ちゃん (chan); つぶり (tsuburi); つむ (tsumu); つむり (tsumuri); づ (zu); どたま (dotama)
Compounds
Etymology 1
Kanji in this term |
---|
頭 |
あたま Stepen: 2 |
kun’yomi |
Probably from Old Japanese. First cited in the ten-volume Wamyō Ruijushō of 934 CE.[1]
Unknown derivation. Theories include:
- Compound of 天玉 (a tama, literally “heaven, sky + ball”). This is problematic phonetically, as 天 appears historically as ama or ame, not as just a
- Compound of 当て間 (ate ma, literally “putting something in contact + space, gap”), referring to the head as a moxibustion point. This is also problematic phonetically, as the shift from ate to ata necessitates a change in meaning of the underlying verb. This is also problematic semantically, as the 間 (ma) term refers more specifically to a gap or space.
- Compound of 貴間 (ate ma, literally “noble + space”), referring to the most important part of the body. However, the use of 間 (ma) in this way is again problematic. Moreover, 貴 (ate, “noble”) appears in The Tale of the Bamboo Cutter dating to the 900s CE, while 頭 (atama) with a sense of fontanelle appears in the Wamyō Ruijushō dated 938 CE, leaving insufficient time for either the semantic or phonetic drift required.[1][2]
Historically, this term first appears with a sense of fontanelle, in reference to the soft place on the top of an infant's head where the bones of the skull have not yet fused. As such, a more likely derivation might be as a compound of 当た (ata, “not quite touching, not quite in contact”, possibly a fossilized 未然形 (mizenkei, “incomplete form”) of classical verb 当つ (atsu), root of modern 当たる (ataru, “to touch, to come into contact”)) + 間 (ma, “space, gap, opening”).
Pronunciation
- (Tokyo) あたま [àtámáꜜ] (Odaka – [3])[2][3]
- (Tokyo) あたま [àtáꜜmà] (Nakadaka – [2])[2][3]
- MFA(ključ): [a̠ta̠ma̠]
Noun
頭 (atama)
- head (body part)
- 頭が痛い。
- Atama ga itai.
- My head hurts.
- 頭が痛い。
- (anatomy, archaic, possibly obsolete) the fontanelle part of the skull
Idioms
Further reading
- Etymology entry for 頭 (atama) at Gogen-Yurai Jiten (Etymology and Origin Dictionary; in Japanese): http://gogen-allguide.com/a/atama.html
- Etymology entry for 頭 (atama) at Key: Zatsugaku Jiten (Key: Dictionary of Miscellaneous Knowledge; in Japanese}: http://www.7key.jp/data/language/etymology/a/atama.html#etymology
Etymology 2
Kanji in this term |
---|
頭 |
かしら Stepen: 2 |
kun’yomi |
Alternative spelling |
---|
首 (head of a doll) |
From Old Japanese.[1] Found as a standalone noun in the Man'yōshū, completed some time after 759 CE, and as a counter in the Kojiki, dating to 712 CE.
Pronunciation
- The pitch accent for the counter depends on the preceding noun.
Counter
頭 (-kashira)
Noun
頭 (kashira)
Derived terms
Etymology 3
Kanji in this term |
---|
頭 |
かぶり Stepen: 2 |
kun’yomi |
Cognate with and shift in meaning from かぶり (kaburi, “covering; hat, crown”), spelled in kanji as 被り or 冠.
Pronunciation
- (Tokyo) かぶり [kàbúrí] (Heiban – [0])[2][3]
- (Tokyo) かぶり [kàbúríꜜ] (Odaka – [3])[2][3]
- (Tokyo) かぶり [káꜜbùrì] (Atamadaka – [1])[2][3]
- MFA(ključ): [ka̠bɯ̟ᵝɾʲi]
Noun
頭 (kaburi)
Idioms
Etymology 4
Kanji in this term |
---|
頭 |
かぶ Stepen: 2 |
irregular |
Cognate with 株 (kabu, “stump; root”), from a general sense of lump.[1]
Pronunciation
Noun
頭 (kabu)
Derived terms
Etymology 5
Kanji in this term |
---|
頭 |
つぶり Stepen: 2 |
irregular |
Cognate with 粒 (tsubu, “round thing”, such as a grain), 禿ぶ (tsubu, “to go bald”, from the idea of one's head becoming round), 円ら (tsubura, “round”, adjective), 潰れる (tsubureru, “to become rounded, as from wear and tear, or from crushing”).[1]
Some sources[2] derive this as a shift from 円ら (tsubura, “round”, adjective). However, the phonology and semantics for this do not fit (changing /a/ to /i/, and repurposing the adjectivizing suffix ら to instead form a noun). The modern verb tsubureru had the form tsuburu in older stages of the language. The tsuburi reading for 頭 may more likely represent a nominalization derived from this older verb, following normal patterns for creating nouns from verbs.
Compare Okinawan ちぶる (chiburu, “head”).
Pronunciation
Noun
頭 (tsuburi)
Etymology 6
Kanji in this term |
---|
頭 |
つむり Stepen: 2 |
irregular |
From tsuburi above. Bilabial plosive /b/ becomes bilabial nasal /m/.
Pronunciation
Noun
頭 (tsumuri)
Etymology 7
Kanji in this term |
---|
頭 |
つむ Stepen: 2 |
irregular |
Shortened from tsumuri above.[1]
Pronunciation
Noun
頭 (tsumu)
Derived terms
Etymology 8
Kanji in this term |
---|
頭 |
こうべ Stepen: 2 |
kun’yomi |
Alternative spelling |
---|
首 |
/kamipe/ → /kampe/ → /kaube/ → /kɔːbe/ → /koːbe/
Compound of either 上 (kami, “upper”) or 髪 (kami, “hair”) (likely cognates) with the suffix 方 (pe, “location, direction”).[1][2][4]
Alternatively, may be an alteration from 頭 (kabu, “head”) + 上 (ue, “up”).[1]
Pronunciation
- (Tokyo) こーべ [kòóbé] (Heiban – [0])[2][3]
- (Tokyo) こーべ [kòóbéꜜ] (Odaka – [3])[2][3]
- (Tokyo) こーべ [kóꜜòbè] (Atamadaka – [1])[3]
- MFA(ključ): [ko̞ːbe̞]
Noun
Derived terms
Etymology 9
Kanji in this term |
---|
頭 |
どたま Stepen: 2 |
irregular |
Contraction of Lua greška in Modul:compound at line 262: attempt to call field 'getNonEtymological' (a nil value)..
Pronunciation
Noun
頭 (dotama)
Usage notes
Often spelled in hiragana, as どたま.
Etymology 10
Kanji in this term |
---|
頭 |
ず Stepen: 2 |
goon |
/du/ → /d͡zu/ → /zu/
From Middle Chinese 頭. The goon reading, so likely an earlier borrowing.
Pronunciation
Noun
Usage notes
This reading is more often found in compounds, such as 頭痛 (zutsū, “a headache”).
Idioms
Etymology 11
Kanji in this term |
---|
頭 |
とう Stepen: 2 |
kan’on |
From Middle Chinese 頭. The kan'on reading, so likely a later borrowing. The shift from initial /d/ to voiceless /t/ is due to influence or reborrowing from a later stage of the Chinese language. Compare modern Mandarin reading tóu, Cantonese tau4, Min Nan tao5.
Pronunciation
Counter
頭 or 頭 (tō or counter) [[Category:Japanski Šablon:error|とう]]
- counter for certain relatively large animals, or for livestock animals; "head"
- 合わせて 1300 頭余りが出荷され、全国各地に流通した。
- Awasete sensanbyaku tō amari ga shukka sare, zenkoku kakuchi ni ryūtsū shita.
- Altogether over 1300 head of cattle have been distributed throughout the country.
- 三頭の北極熊
- santō no Hokkyokuguma
- three polar bears
- 一頭の羊
- ittō no hitsuji
- one sheep
- 合わせて 1300 頭余りが出荷され、全国各地に流通した。
- counter for insects (used only in biology)
See also
Japanese number-counter combinations for 頭 (tō) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
一頭 (ittō) | 二頭 (nitō) | 三頭 (santō) | 四頭 (yontō) | 五頭 (gotō) |
6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 |
六頭 (rokutō) | 七頭 (nanatō) 七頭 (shichitō) |
八頭 (hattō) 八頭 (hachitō) |
九頭 (kyūtō) | 十頭 (juttō) 十頭 (jittō) |
100 | 1,000 | 10,000 | How many? | |
百頭 (hyakutō) | 千頭 (sentō) | 一万頭 (ichimantō) | 何頭 (nantō) |
Noun
頭 (tō)
Derived terms
References
- ↑ 1,0 1,1 1,2 1,3 1,4 1,5 1,6 1,7 1988, 国語大辞典(新装版) (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
- ↑ 2,00 2,01 2,02 2,03 2,04 2,05 2,06 2,07 2,08 2,09 2,10 2,11 2,12 2,13 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN 4-385-13905-9
- ↑ 3,00 3,01 3,02 3,03 3,04 3,05 3,06 3,07 3,08 3,09 3,10 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN 978-4-14-011112-3
- ↑ 1995, 大辞泉 (Daijisen) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN 4-09-501211-0
Etymology
From Middle Chinese 頭.
Historical readings |
---|
|
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [tu]
- Phonetic hangul: [두]
Hanja
Lua greška in Modul:headword at line 442: In full_headword(), `data.translits` must be an array but is a string.
Compounds
References
- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [1]
Northern Amami-Oshima
Etymology
Cognate with mainland Japanski 頭 (tsuburi), dialectal 頭 (tsuburo), itself probably a compound of 粒 (tsubu, “round thing, such as a grain”) + ろ (ro, suffix indicating a state or condition).
Kanji
頭 (hiragana つぃぶる, romaji tsiburu)
Noun
頭 (hiragana つぃぶる, romaji tsiburu)
Oki-No-Erabu
Etymology
Cognate with mainland Japanski 頭 (tsuburi), dialectal 頭 (tsuburo), itself probably a compound of 粒 (tsubu, “round thing, such as a grain”) + ろ (ro, suffix indicating a state or condition).
Kanji
頭 (hiragana ちぶる, romaji chiburu)
Noun
頭 (hiragana ちぶる, romaji chiburu)
- head
- an intelligent person
Okinawan
Kanji
頭 (hiragana ちぶる, romaji chiburu)
Etymology
Cognate with Japanski 頭 (tsuburi), dialectal 頭 (tsuburo), itself probably a compound of 粒 (tsubu, “round thing, such as a grain”) + ろ (ro, suffix indicating a state or condition).
Noun
頭 (hiragana ちぶる, romaji chiburu)
- head
- an intelligent person
Derived terms
- 頭病ん (ちぶるやん, chiburuyan, “headache”)
Southern Amami-Oshima
Etymology
Cognate with Japanski 頭 (tsuburi), dialectal 頭 (tsuburo), itself probably a compound of 粒 (tsubu, “round thing, such as a grain”) + ろ (ro, suffix indicating a state or condition).
Kanji
頭 (hiragana つぃぶる, romaji tsiburu)
Noun
頭 (hiragana つぃぶる, romaji tsiburu)
Han character
- Ovaj izraz zahteva definiciju. Molim vas pomozite i dodajte prevod, zatim uklonite tekst
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.
Yaeyama
Etymology
Cognate with Japanski 頭 (tsuburi), dialectal 頭 (tsuburo), itself probably a compound of 粒 (tsubu, “round thing, such as a grain”) + ろ (ro, suffix indicating a state or condition).
Kanji
頭 (hiragana つぶり, romaji tsuburi, hiragana つぃぶる, romaji tsiburu, hiragana つぃぶるぃ, romaji tsiburi)
Noun
頭 (hiragana つぶり, romaji tsuburi, hiragana つぃぶる, romaji tsiburu, hiragana つぃぶるぃ, romaji tsiburi)
Yoron
Etymology
Cognate with Japanski 頭 (tsuburi), dialectal 頭 (tsuburo), itself probably a compound of 粒 (tsubu, “round thing, such as a grain”) + ろ (ro, suffix indicating a state or condition).
Kanji
頭 (hiragana ちぶる, romaji chiburu)
Noun
頭 (hiragana ちぶる, romaji chiburu)
- head
- an intelligent person
頭 (kineski)
Izgovor:
- pinjin: tóu
Šablon:zh-cirAudio: (datoteka)
Radikal:
- 頁 181
Značenja:
- ...
Primeri:
Sinonimi:
- ...
Homofoni:
- ...
Serija:
Homografi:
- ...
HSK nivo:
- ...
Asocijacije:
- ...
Izvedene reči:
- ...
Srodni članci sa Vikipedije:
Prevodi
|
|
Reference
- CJK jedinstveni ideogrami blok
- Međunarodni govor
- Međunarodni symbols
- Međunarodni terms with redundant head parameter
- Han tekst karakteri
- Kineski govor
- Han fono-semantična jedinjenja
- Kineski izrazi nasleđeni od Proto-Sino-Tibetan
- Kineski pojmovi izvedeni iz Proto-Sino-Tibetan
- Kineski pojmovi izvedeni iz Proto-Mon-Khmer
- Mandarin pojmovi sa audio vezama
- Kineski leme
- Mandarin leme
- Dungan leme
- Kantonski leme
- Taishanese leme
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- Kineski pridevi
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- Kineski termini sa IPA izgovorom
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- zh:Anatomy
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- Mandarin terms with usage examples
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- zh:Beginning
- Elementary Mandarin
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- Japanski indeks
- Terms with redundant transliterations
- Terms with redundant transliterations/ja
- Terms with manual transliterations different from the automated ones
- Terms with manual transliterations different from the automated ones/ja
- Japanski kanji with goon reading ず
- Japanski kanji with historical goon reading づ
- Japanski kanji with kan'on reading とう
- Japanski kanji with historical kan'on reading とう
- Japanski kanji with tōon reading じゅう
- Japanski kanji with historical tōon reading ぢゆう
- Japanski kanji with kan'yōon reading と
- Japanski kanji with kun reading あたま
- Japanski kanji with kun reading かしら
- Japanski kanji with kun reading かぶり
- Japanski kanji with kun reading こうべ
- Japanski kanji with historical kun reading かうべ
- Japanski kanji with nanori reading かぶ
- Japanski kanji with nanori reading かぶし
- Japanski kanji with nanori reading かみ
- Japanski kanji with nanori reading ちゃん
- Japanski kanji with nanori reading つぶり
- Japanski kanji with nanori reading つむ
- Japanski kanji with nanori reading つむり
- Japanski kanji with nanori reading づ
- Japanski kanji with nanori reading どたま
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- ja:Anatomy
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- ja:Animals
- Korejski govor
- Korejski pojmovi izvedeni iz Middle Chinese
- Middle Korean Han characters
- Northern Amami-Oshima lemmas
- Northern Amami-Oshima Han characters
- Northern Amami-Oshima entries with topic categories using raw markup
- Northern Amami-Oshima nouns
- ryn:Anatomy
- Oki-No-Erabu lemmas
- Oki-No-Erabu Han characters
- Oki-No-Erabu entries with topic categories using raw markup
- Oki-No-Erabu nouns
- okn:Anatomy
- okn:People
- Okinawan lemmas
- Okinawan Han characters
- Okinawan entries with topic categories using raw markup
- Okinawan nouns
- ryu:Anatomy
- ryu:People
- Southern Amami-Oshima lemmas
- Southern Amami-Oshima Han characters
- Southern Amami-Oshima entries with topic categories using raw markup
- Southern Amami-Oshima nouns
- ams:Anatomy
- Vijetnamski govor
- Zahtevi za definicije u Vijetnamskim stavkama
- Yaeyama lemmas
- Yaeyama Han characters
- Yaeyama entries with topic categories using raw markup
- Yaeyama nouns
- rys:Anatomy
- Yoron lemmas
- Yoron Han characters
- Yoron entries with topic categories using raw markup
- Yoron nouns
- yox:Anatomy
- yox:People
- Kineska reč
- Reči napravljene automatizmom