する

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Јапански

Етимологија 1

Од

(deprecated template usage) [etyl] Old Japanese

root verb す (su, “to do”).

As with all verbs, during the Middle Japanese stage in the Kamakura and Muromachi periods, the 終止形 (shūshikei, “terminal or sentence-ending form”) was gradually lost as the 連体形 (rentaikei, “attributive form”) came to be used for both the attributive and terminal grammatical roles, realigning the conjugations.

Алтернативни облици

• (rare) 為る

Глагол

1. to do

   何(なに)をしていますか。

   Nani o shite imasu ka.

   What are you doing?

2. to wear (accessories)

   ネクタイをする。

   Nekutai o suru.

   I wear a necktie.

3. (に～) to make into a certain state; to cause to become

   一人(ひとり)にしないで

   hitori ni shinaide

   please don't leave me to be alone by myself

   部屋(へや)を綺麗(きれい)にする

   heya o kirei ni suru

   to clean up one's room

4. (を～) to have; to make

   怖(こわ)い目(め)つきをする

   kowai metsuki o suru

   to have an intimidating glare

Корисне белешке

The verb する (“to do”) is seldom written in kanji (為る).

It is common to use する after certain nouns to indicate that the noun is being done; this is highly productive, meaning many nouns can be used as verbs in this way. Some examples are:

• 勉強 (benkyō, “studying”) → 勉強する (benkyō suru, “to do studying” → “to study”)
• 旅行 (ryokō, “journey”) → 旅行する (ryokō suru, “to do journey” → “to travel”)

Коњугација

Conjugation of "する" (Видите Додатак:Јапански глаголи.)

Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形)	さ・し・せ*
Continuative (連用形)	し
Terminal (終止形)	する
Attributive (連体形)	する
Hypothetical (仮定形)	すれ
Imperative (命令形)	せよ¹ しろ²	¹ ²
Key constructions
Passive	される
Causative	させる さす
Potential	できる
Volitional	しよう
Negative	しない
Negative continuative	せず
Formal	します
Perfective	した
Conjunctive	して
Hypothetical conditional	すれば
* The sa- imperfective occurs in Kansai dialect and in certain set phrases, and forms the base of the passive and causative conjugations sareru, saseru, and sasu. The se- imperfective occurs in Classical Japanese and in other set phrases, and forms the base of the negative continuative conjugation sezu. The shi- imperfective is most common in Tokyo-standard everyday modern Japanese for forming the base of the negative conjugation shinai. ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative

Синоними

• (to do): 成(な)す, 為(な)す (nasu) (somewhat archaic, usage is more limited)
• (to do): 行(おこな)う (okonau, “to carry out”)
• (used to make a verb): 〜る (-ru), a much less productive suffix for turning a noun into a verb

Видите такође

• す (su)

Етимологија 2

Reading for various kanji spellings.

Глагол

Various verbs deriving from senses similar to “to slide” or “to rub”:

1. 刷る, 摺る: to print something (from the way the paper would be placed on the printing block and rubbed)
2. 掏る: to pick someone's pocket (possibly from the way a pickpocket must slide along unnoticed; compare English slick)
3. 擦る, 摩る, 磨る, 擂る: to slide, to rub, to chafe, to strike (as in a match, by rubbing); to lose or waste money
4. 剃る: irregular reading for 剃る (soru, “to shave”)