The form of an adjective allowing comparison between one thing and another. As in English forms can be produced in two ways: most commonly by periphrasis and often by suffixation.
by periphrasis: τολμηρός → πιοτολμηρός (eg Κωνσταντίνος είναι πιο τολμηρός από τον Γιώργο — "Konstantinos is more bold than Georgios.")
by suffixation: νέος → νεότερος (eg Γιώργος είναι νεότερος από το Κωνσταντίνο — "Georgios is younger than Konstantinos.")
The dependent form (also known as the perfective non-past or aoristsubjunctive) of a verb expresses an action completed within a moment (e.g. "I wrote"), not continuously. It is never used on its own. It follows preverbal particles and other words such as: ας(as), να(na), θα(tha), ίσως(ísos), the negative μην(min) or the auxiliary verbέχω(écho). It may be active, or passive:
It forms the subjunctive when used with various particles:
Θέλω να γράψω στη μητέρα μου απόψε. — "I should write to my mother tonight."
The grammatical (not biological) gender of a noun; thus while γυναίκα(“woman”) is feminine, κορίτσι(“girl”) is neuter. Other genders are masculine and neuter.
The imperfective or progressive past tense of a verb, indicating an action which was continuous, habitual, repeated or lasting a long time. It may be compared with the perfective or simple past.
Περπατούσαμε όλο το πρωί. — "We walked all morning."
The grammatical (not biological) gender of a noun; thus while άντρας(“man”) is masculine, αγόρι(“boy”) is neuter. Other genders are feminine and neuter.
The grammatical gender of a noun. This is not the biological gender, for example αγόρι(agóri, “boy”) is neuter. Other genders are masculine and feminine.
It should be compared with the active voice where the subject is usually the person doing the action — διδάσκω(“I teach”). Note that deponent verbs conjugate passively but have an active meaning — κάθομαι(“I sit”).
The simple or perfective past indicates an action completed at some point in the past. It is also known as the past indefinite, preterite - or, in Greek, as the aorist. It may be compared with the imperfect or imperfective past.
Περπατήσαμε στο κατάστημα. — "We walked to the shop."
The T-V distinction (from the Latin tu and vos) is found in many languages. When using the second-person to someone in Greek a choice must be made between using the singular or plural form of the verb. The choice made depends upon the relationship between the speaker and the person spoken to.
The singular form is familiar and informal, used with family, friends, children and younger people: