たい
Etymology 1
Alternative spelling |
---|
度い (obsolete) |
From たし (-tashi), generally regarded as a shift from Old Japanese いたし (itasi, “painful”), modern 痛い (itai).[1] Appears as a verbal suffix from at least The Tale of the Heike completed before 1330. Replaces previous volitional or desiderative suffix まほし (mahoshi).[2]
Pronunciation
- In Tokyo speech, the accent of the verb construction depends on the suffixed verb:[3]
- If the suffixed verb is accented, the accent falls on the first mora in the suffix: つくる [tsùkúꜜrù] (Nakadaka) → つくりたい [tsùkúrítáꜜì] (Nakadaka)
- If the suffixed verb is non-accented and the suffix is in the dictionary form (nonpast), the result is either non-accented or accented on the first mora of the suffix: あそぶ [àsóbú] (Heiban - [0]) → あそびたい [àsóbítáí] (Heiban - [0]) or あそびたい [àsóbítáꜜì] (Nakadaka). Further conjugation is based on the accented version.
Suffix
たい (-tai) -i (adverbial たく (-taku))
- Used to form the desiderative of verbs: want (to do); hope (to do)
- (only with verb ある, である and honorifics) Expressing a wish of the speaker: I hope that; I wish that
Inflection
Inflection of たい
Stem forms | |||
---|---|---|---|
Imperfective (未然形) | たかろ | Script error: The function "kana_to_romaji" does not exist. | |
Continuative (連用形) | たく | Script error: The function "kana_to_romaji" does not exist. | |
Terminal (終止形) | たい | Script error: The function "kana_to_romaji" does not exist. | |
Attributive (連体形) | たい | Script error: The function "kana_to_romaji" does not exist. | |
Hypothetical (仮定形) | たけれ | Script error: The function "kana_to_romaji" does not exist. | |
Imperative (命令形) | たかれ | Script error: The function "kana_to_romaji" does not exist. | |
Key constructions | |||
Informal negative | たくない | Script error: The function "kana_to_romaji" does not exist. | |
Informal past | たかった | Script error: The function "kana_to_romaji" does not exist. | |
Informal negative past | たくなかった | Script error: The function "kana_to_romaji" does not exist. | |
Formal | たいです | Script error: The function "kana_to_romaji" does not exist. | |
Formal negative | たくないです | Script error: The function "kana_to_romaji" does not exist. | |
Formal past | たかったです | Script error: The function "kana_to_romaji" does not exist. | |
Formal negative past | たくなかったです | Script error: The function "kana_to_romaji" does not exist. | |
Conjunctive | たくて | Script error: The function "kana_to_romaji" does not exist. | |
Conditional | たければ | Script error: The function "kana_to_romaji" does not exist. | |
Provisional | たかったら | Script error: The function "kana_to_romaji" does not exist. | |
Volitional | たかろう | Script error: The function "kana_to_romaji" does not exist. | |
Adverbial | たく | Script error: The function "kana_to_romaji" does not exist. | |
Degree | たさ | Script error: The function "kana_to_romaji" does not exist. |
Stem forms | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Irrealis (未然形) | たく[1] たから[2] |
taku takara | ||
Continuative (連用形) | たく[1] たかり[2] |
taku takari | ||
Terminal (終止形) | たし | tasi | ||
Attributive (連体形) | たき たかる |
taki takaru | ||
Realis (已然形) | たけれ | takere | ||
Imperative (命令形) | たかれ | takare | ||
Key constructions | ||||
Negative | たからず | takarazu | ||
Contrasting conjunction | たけれど | takeredo | ||
Causal conjunction | たければ | takereba | ||
Conditional conjunction | たくば | takuba | ||
Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | たかりき | takariki | ||
Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | たかりけり | takarikeri | ||
Adverbial | たく | taku | ||
[1]Without auxiliary verb. [2]With auxiliary verb. |
Usage notes
- The suffix たい (-tai) is used exclusively to talk about the speaker's own wants. When describing the wants of someone else, the suffix たがる (-tagaru) is used instead.
- Attaches to the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verbs. The result is conjugated like an adjective (形容詞) but allows for the combination with nominal particles such as を, unlike regular adjectives.
- Except for sense 2 (see above), たい does not express the meaning "someone wants other people to do something". In that case, 欲しい is usually used instead. Compare:
- Verb with たい can sometimes mark the grammatical object with が, besides the normal object marker を.
- アイスが食べたい
- aisu ga tabetai
- I want to eat ice cream.
- アイスを食べたい
- aisu o tabetai
- I want to eat ice cream.
- アイスが食べたい
- This word is morphologically an inflectional suffix. It is classified as 助動詞 (jodōshi, “auxiliary verb”) in traditional Japanese grammar.
Derived terms
- たがる (tagaru)
Etymology 2
За изговор и дефиниције од たい – види 鯛. (Овај појам, たい, је an alternative spelling of the above terms.) |
(Следећи унос је нестворен: 鯛.)
Etymology 3
За изговор и дефиниције од たい – види 体, 対, 隊, 太, 態, 袋, 胎, 堆, 泰, 敦, 他意. (Овај појам, たい, је an alternative spelling of the above Sino-Japanese terms.) |
(Следећи уноси је нестворен: 体, 対, 隊, 太, 態, 袋, 胎, 堆, 泰, 敦, 他意.)
Etymology 4
За изговор и дефиниције од たい – види 田井. (Овај појам, たい, је an alternative spelling of the above terms.) |
(Следећи унос је нестворен: 田井.)
Etymology 5
За изговор и дефиниције од たい – види 田居. (Овај појам, たい, је an alternative spelling of the above terms.) |
(Следећи унос је нестворен: 田居.)
References
- ↑ 1988, 国語大辞典(新装版) (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
- ↑ 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN 4-385-13905-9
- ↑ Online Japanese Accent Dictionary (OJAD)
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