西
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Han character
西 (Kangxi radical 146, 襾+0, 6 strokes, cangjie input 一金田 (MCW), четири-угла 10600, composition ⿱一𠁤)
Derived characters
- 哂, 㛉, 𡶼, 廼, 徆, 恓, 拪, 洒, 𤞏, 迺, 䧈, 𢬣, 晒, 栖, 毢, 𤈇, 牺, 𤥒, 𦚵, 𠒓, 𥙘, 硒, 䄽, 𬭄, 粞, 絤(𬘟), 𦕩, 舾, 𬠂, 𧧍, 跴, 𨠴, 𫘊, 𫙘
- 𪠧, 𨚹, 𤿢, 𪀹, 酉, 𡧳, 茜, 䇴, 𤶈, 𪎢, 氥, 閪
References
- KangXi: page 1128, карактер 10
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: карактер 34763
- Dae Jaweon: страна 1595, карактер 19
- Hanyu Da Zidian: том 4, страна 2805, карактер 2
- Unihan data за U+897F
једн. and трад. |
西 | |
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алтернативне форме | 㢴 卤 |
Glyph origin
Историјски облици карактера 西 | ||||
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Shang | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) | |
Bronze inscriptions | Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
Знакови у истом фонетском низу (西) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
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Стари Кинески | |
粞 | |
洒 | |
西 | |
卤 | |
卥 | |
栖 | |
茜 | |
哂 |
Pictogram (象形 (xiàngxíng)) – a bag or basket, borrowed for phonetic value. Compare 東 (“bundle > east”). Traditionally explained as a pictogram of a bird settling into its nest, which by analogy with the setting of the sun means “west”. This etymology has been disputed (Sears), but Sagart (2004) stands by it.
Etymology
The word is traditionally reconstructed to have a /*s/-initial in Old Chinese, e.g. /*sɯːl/ in Zhengzhang (2003). However, recent scholarship has suggested that the Old Chinese initial should instead be reconstructed as /*s-nˤ/, one of the reasons being 西 appears to be the phonetic in 迺 (nǎi), the archaic graphic variant of 乃. The new reconstruction, /*s-nˤər/ in Baxter and Sagart (2014), also accounts for how 西 can be the phonetic in 哂 (“to smile”). For more information, see Sagart (2004), Baxter and Sagart (2014) and Nohara (2018).
In light of the new construction with the initial consonant cluster /*s-nˤ/, the possibilities of the etymology of 西, aside from being cognate with 棲/栖 (“to roost; to rest”) (B-S OC /*s-nˤər/), include:
- Related to Tibetan ནེར་བ (ner ba, “to sink; to fall gradually”) (Unger, 1990).
- Related to Chepang नेलःसा (nelʔ‑, “to go down; to sink”), which may be the same etymon as the Written Tibetan word above (Schuessler, 2007).
- Related to the root 尼 (nǐ, “to stop”) (OC /*nˤərʔ/ for intransitive form, /*nˤərʔ-s/ for transitive form in Baxter and Sagart (2014)).
- Related to Tibetan མནལ (mnal, “sleep”) and Burmese နား (na:, “to rest; to stop for a while”) (Hill, 2019).
- An Austroasiatic nominal n-infix derivative from the root "go down", as in Old Mon cnis (“ghat”) < Old Mon cis (“to go down”) , with Proto-Austroasiatic *tsn- > Proto-Sinitic *sn-. Therefore, this etymon literally means "the place where one goes down to > Mon "ghat" > OC "nest, west". The base form is 濟 via Austroasiatic (Schuessler, 2007).
Pronunciation
Definitions
西
Coordinate terms
Compounds
Descendants
Others:
- Јапански: 西 (shā, “west wind (mahjong tile)”)
Kanji
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- west
- Europe, European
- kanji used to transliterate foreign languages
- Short for 西班牙 (Supein): Spain, Spanish
- autumn
Readings
- Go-on: さい (sai, Jōyō)
- Kan-on: せい (sei, Jōyō)
- Tō-on: すい (sui); す (su)
- Kun: にし (nishi, 西, Jōyō)
- Nanori: あき (aki); いり (iri); かわち (kawachi)←かはち (kafati, historical); ひし (hishi); むら (mura)
Compounds
- 西域 (saīki)
- 西下 (saika)
- 西国 (saikoku), 西国 (saigoku)
- 西方 (saihō)
- 西方 (seihō)
- 西域 (seīki)
- 西欧 (Seiō, “Western Europe”)
- 西紀 (seiki)
- 西経 (seikei, “west longitude”)
- 西蔵 (Seizō)
- 西哲 (seitetsu)
- 西部 (seibu)
- 西風 (seifū)
- 西洋 (seiyō, “the West, western countries”)
- 西暦 (seireki, “western calendar”)
- 西瓜 (suika, “watermelon”)
- 西海 (saikai), 西海 (Saikai)
- 以西 (isei)
- 関西 (Kansai)
- 泰西 (taisei)
- 鎮西 (Chinzei)
- 東西 (tōzai)
- 日西 (Nissei)
- 米西戦争 (Bei-Sei Sensō)
- 北西 (hokusei)
- 西比利亜 (Shiberia)
- 西班牙 (Supein)
- 西蔵 (Chibetto)
- 仏蘭西 (Furansu)
Etymology 1
Kanji in this term |
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西 |
にし Степен: 2 |
kun’yomi |
From adnominal 往にし (inishi, “leaving, passing”), as the direction of sunset. Шаблон:rfv-etym
Pronunciation
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Noun
西 (nishi)
- west Галицијски
- Антоним: 東 (higashi)
- the West
- wind blowing from the west
- Антоним: 東 (higashi)
- (theater) in kabuki:
- (sumo) lower-ranked wrestlers listed on the left side of a banzuke
- Антоним: 東 (higashi)
- a capitalist state Галицијски
Coordinate terms
Derived terms
Idioms
- 西向く侍 → 二四六九士 (nishi muku samurai, “westward-facing samurai → mnemonic for months with less than 31 days, with 士 standing for 十一”)
Proverbs
- 西と言うたら東を悟れ (nishi to iu tara higashi o satore, “what is called in the west is realized in the east → necessary to understand the back as well as the front”)
- 西と言えば東と言う (nishi to ieba higashi to iu, “if they say West, say East → tell the opposite thing every time”)
- 西も東も分からない (nishi mo higashi mo wakaranai, “cannot tell east from west → cannot be understood at all”)
- 犬が西向きゃ尾は東 (inu ga nishi mukya o wa higashi, “dog faces west while its tail points east → clearly obvious”)
Proper noun
西 or 西 (nishi or proper) [[Category:Јапански Шаблон:error|にし]]
- (Buddhism) Synonym of 西方浄土 (Saihō Jōdo): the western paradise of Amitabha Buddha
- (Buddhism) Short for 西本願寺 (Nishi Hongan-ji): a Buddhist temple in Kyoto
- Синоним: お西 (o-Nishi)
- (historical) a red-light district in Edo-period Shinjuku Галицијски
- a place name, especially the name of various wards in major cities throughout Japan
- a презиме.
Etymology 2
Kanji in this term |
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西 |
しゃー Степен: 2 |
irregular |
Possibly a corruption of Mandarin 西 (xī, “west”).
Noun
西 (shā)
- (mahjong) west wind (mahjong tile)
- Hypernym: 風牌 (kazehai, fanpai)
- (mahjong) a 役 (yaku, “winning hand”) with a triplet or quad of west wind tiles; depending on wind round and player's seat wind, it is worth either 1 or 2 翻 (han, “doubles”)
- Hypernym: 役牌 (yakuhai, yaku-pai)
See also
- 風牌 (kazehai, “wind tiles”): 東 (ton, “east wind”), 南 (nan, “south wind”), 西 (shā, “west wind”), 北 (pē, “north wind”)
References
Etymology
From Middle Chinese 西.
Historical Readings | ||
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Dongguk Jeongun Reading | ||
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 | 솅 (Yale: syèy) | |
Middle Korean | ||
Text | Eumhun | |
Gloss (hun) | Reading | |
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[2] | 셧녁 (Yale: syè-s-nyèk) | 셔 (Yale: syè) |
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [sʰʌ̹]
- Phonetic hangul: [서]
Hanja
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Compounds
References
- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [3]
Okinawan
Kanji
Readings
Noun
- the West
Compounds
- 西風 (いりかじ, irikazi, “west wind”)
Han character
- Sơn Tây : 山西
- Tây Sơn : 西山
- Sài Gòn : 西貢
- phía tây : 費西
References
- Thiều Chửu : Hán Việt Tự Điển Hà Nội 1942
- Trần Văn Chánh: Từ Điển Hán Việt NXB Trẻ, Ho Chi Minh Ville, 1999
- Vũ Văn Kính: Đại Tự Điển Chữ Nôm, NXB Văn Nghệ, Ho Chi Minh Ville, 1999
西 (кинески)
Изговор:
- пинјин: xi
Шаблон:zh-cirАудио: noicon (датотека)
Радикал:
- 襾 146
Значења:
- запад
Примери:
Синоними:
- ...
Хомофони:
- ...
Хомографи:
- ...
ХСК ниво:
- ...
Асоцијације:
- ...
Изведене речи:
- ...
Сродни чланци са Википедије:
Преводи
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Референце
[66 [4]] 65 67 Шаблон:Kateg
- ЦЈК јединствени идеограми блок
- CJK Radicals Supplement блок
- Међународни говор
- Han char without var
- Међународни symbols
- Међународни terms with redundant head parameter
- Хан текст карактери
- Кинески говор
- Хан пиктограми
- Мандарин појмови са аудио везама
- Мин Нан terms needing pronunciation attention
- Кинески леме
- Мандарин леме
- Дунган леме
- Кантонски леме
- Taishanese леме
- Ган леме
- Hakka леме
- Jin леме
- Мин Беј леме
- Мин Донг леме
- Мин Нан леме
- Teochew леме
- Wu леме
- Xiang леме
- Кинески именице
- Мандарин именице
- Дунган именице
- Кантонски именице
- Taishanese именице
- Ган именице
- Hakka именице
- Jin именице
- Мин Беј именице
- Мин Донг именице
- Мин Нан именице
- Teochew именице
- Wu именице
- Xiang именице
- Кинески придеви
- Мандарин придеви
- Дунган придеви
- Кантонски придеви
- Taishanese придеви
- Ган придеви
- Hakka придеви
- Jin придеви
- Мин Беј придеви
- Мин Донг придеви
- Мин Нан придеви
- Teochew придеви
- Wu придеви
- Xiang придеви
- Кинески термини са ИПА изговором
- Кинески hanzi
- Кинески Хан карактериs
- Кинески црвене везе/zh-l
- zh:Beginning
- zh:Compass points
- Јапански индекс
- Јапански short forms
- Terms with redundant transliterations
- Terms with redundant transliterations/ja
- Terms with manual transliterations different from the automated ones
- Terms with manual transliterations different from the automated ones/ja
- Јапански kanji with goon reading さい
- Јапански kanji with kan'on reading せい
- Јапански kanji with tōon reading すい
- Јапански kanji with tōon reading す
- Јапански kanji with kun reading にし
- Јапански kanji with nanori reading あき
- Јапански kanji with nanori reading いり
- Јапански kanji with nanori reading かわち
- Јапански kanji with historical nanori reading かはち
- Јапански kanji with nanori reading ひし
- Јапански kanji with nanori reading むら
- Јапански terms spelled with 西 read as にし
- Јапански terms read with kun'yomi
- Јапански именице
- Јапански terms spelled with second grade kanji
- Јапански terms written with one Han script character
- Јапански terms spelled with 西
- Јапански single-kanji terms
- ja:Theater
- ja:Sumo
- Јапански terms with multiple readings
- ja:Buddhism
- Јапански terms with historical senses
- Јапански презимена
- Јапански terms with irregular kanji readings
- Јапански термини позајмљени од Мандарин
- Јапански појмови изведени из Мандарин
- Terms with redundant transliterations/cmn
- ja:Mahjong
- ja:Compass points
- Корејски говор
- Корејски појмови изведени из Middle Chinese
- Захтеви за пажњу у вези Okinawan
- пажња недостаје објашњење
- Okinawan Han characters
- Grade 2 kanji
- Terms with manual transliterations different from the automated ones/ryu
- Okinawan kanji with kun reading いり
- Okinawan lemmas
- Okinawan nouns
- Okinawan terms spelled with second grade kanji
- Okinawan terms written with one Han script character
- Okinawan terms spelled with 西
- Okinawan single-kanji terms
- Okinawan terms with redundant head parameter
- ryu:Compass points
- Вијетнамски говор
- CJKV radicals
- Кинеска реч
- Речи направљене аутоматизмом