semaphore

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Engleski

Etymology

Šablon:Wikipedia The noun is borrowed from Francuski sémaphore, from Antički Grčki σῆμα (sêma, mark, sign, token) (from Proto-Indo-European *dʰyeh₂- (to notice)) + Francuski -phore (from Grčki -φόρος (-fóros, suffix indicating a bearer or carrier), from φέρω (phérō, to bear, carry), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰer- (to bear, carry)).[1]

The verb is derived from the noun.[2]

Pronunciation

Noun

semaphore (countable and uncountable, plural semaphores)

  1. Any equipment used for visual signalling by means of flags, lights, or mechanically moving arms, which are used to represent letters of the alphabet, or words.
    • [1820 January, “Art. II.—Thesaurus Græcæ Linguæ ab H. Stephano [Henry Stephens] constructus. Editio nova, auctior et emendatior. Vol. I. Partes I–IV. Londini, in ædibus Valpianis, 1815–1818. [book review]”, in William Gifford, editor, The Quarterly Review, volume XXII, number XLIV, London: John Murray, [], OCLC 1009026207, strana 342:
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    • 1821, “[Papers in Mechanics.] No. V. Improved Semaphore.”, in Transactions of the Society, Instituted at London, for the Encouragement of Arts, Manufactures, and Commerce; [], volume XXXIX, London: Sold by the housekeeper, at the Society’s House, []; printed by T[homas] C[urson] Hansard, [], OCLC 1015453113, strana 104:
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    • 1831 oktobar 8, W. Thomas, “[General Correspondence.] Night Signals.”, in The United Service Journal, and Naval and Military Magazine, part III, number 35, London: Henry Colburn and Richard Bentley, [], OCLC 933313799, strana 392:
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    • Šablon:RQ:Clarke His Natural Life
    • 1879, Albert J[ames] Myer, “Semaphores”, in A Manual of Signals for the Use of Signal Officers in the Field, [], Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, OCLC 652297, strane 193–194:
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    • Šablon:RQ:Kipling Land & Sea Tales
    • 1906 jul 19, “The Wright Telegraph Railroad Signal”, in The Iron Age, volume LXXVIII, New York, N.Y.: David Williams Company [], OCLC 8530952, strana 139, column 2:
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    • 1941 April, “Centenary of the Semaphore Signal”, in Railway Magazine, strana 171:
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    • 1968, F[rits] van der Gragt, Europe's Greatest Tramway Network: Tramways in the Rhein–Ruhr Area of Germany (Uitgaven van de Nederlandsche Vereeniging van Belangstellenden in het Spoor- en Tramwegwezen [Publications by the Dutch Association of People Interested in the Rail- and Tramway System]; 4), Leiden: E[vert] J[an] Brill, OCLC 831362291, strana 128:
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    • 1995, Sten Thore, “Messages, Images, and Robots”, in The Diversity, Complexity, and Evolution of High Tech Capitalism, Boston, Mass.; Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, →ISBN, strana 27:
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    • 2004 septembar 25, Terry Pratchett, Going Postal (A Discworld Novel; 33), London: Doubleday, →ISBN; republished London: Corgi Books, Transworld Publishers, 2005 (2014 printing), →ISBN, strane 149–150:
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    • 2020 decembar 2, Paul Bigland, “My weirdest and wackiest Rover yet”, in Rail, strana 67:
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  2. (figurative) A visual system for transmitting information using the above equipment; especially, by means of two flags held one in each hand, using an alphabetic and numeric code based on the position of the signaller's arms; flag semaphore.
    • 1834 October, Charles Blackburn, “XXXV. A Method of Determining the Number of Signals which Can be Made by the Modern Telegraphs.”, in David Brewster, Richard Taylor, and Richard Phillips, editors, The London and Edinburgh Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science, volume V (Third Series), number 28, London: Printed by Richard Taylor, [], printer to the University of London; sold by Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, Green, and Longman; [et al.], OCLC 230538090, strana 241:
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    • Šablon:RQ:Doyle Memories and Adventures
    • 2006, Erinn Banting, Inventing the Telephone (Breakthrough Inventions), New York, N.Y.; Toronto, Ont.: Crabtree Publishing Company, →ISBN, strana 5, column 2:
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    • 2008, Katherine Vaz, “Lisbon Story”, in Our Lady of the Artichokes: And Other Portuguese-American Stories, Lincoln, Neb.; London: University of Nebraska Press, →ISBN, strana 115:
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    • 2008, Gene Weingarten, “Remembering Harry”, in Old Dogs are the Best Dogs, New York, N.Y.: Simon & Schuster, →ISBN, strana 4:
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    • 2010, Jonathan Balcombe, “Communicating”, in Second Nature: The Inner Lives of Animals, New York, N.Y.: St. Martin’s Press, →ISBN, part II (Coexistence), strana 84:
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    • 2014, Bernard F. Dick, “Worlds Elsewhere”, in The President’s Ladies: Jane Wyman and Nancy Davis, Jackson, Miss.: University Press of Mississippi, →ISBN, strana 215:
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  3. (computing) A bit, token, fragment of code, or some other mechanism which is used to restrict access to a shared function or device to a single process at a time, or to synchronize and coordinate events in different processes.
    The thread increments the semaphore to prevent other threads from entering the critical section at the same time.
    • 1996, P. Theodoropoulos; G. Manis; P. Tsanakas; G. Papakonstantinou, “Extending Synchronization PVM Mechanisms”, in Arndt Bode, Jack Dongarra, Thomas Ludwig, and Vaidy Sunderam, editors, Parallel Virtual Machine – EuroPVM ’96: Third European PVM Conference, Munich, Germany, October 7–9, 1996: Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science; 1156), Berlin; Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag, →ISBN, ISSN 0302-9743, strana 315:
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    • 2003, David Sklar; Adam Trachtenberg, “Variables”, in Paula Ferguson, editor, PHP Cookbook, Sebastopol, Calif.: O’Reilly & Associates, →ISBN, section 5.6 (Sharing Variables across Processes), strana 124:
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    • 2012, Timothy Mangan, “L1/L2/L3 Memory Cache”, in Windows System Performance through Caching: 15 Ways Caching Improves System Performance (Inside the OS Series), Canton, Mass.: TMurgent Technologies, →ISBN, strana 22:
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Derived terms

Translations

Verb

semaphore

  1. (transitive, intransitive, figurative) To signal using, or as if using, a semaphore, with the implication that it is done nonverbally.
    • 1907, United States Hydrographic Office, “Distant Signals”, in International Code of Signals, American edition, Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, OCLC 1022830887, part III, strana 539:
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    • Šablon:RQ:London Hearts of Three
    • 1990, Peter Hopkirk, “The Climactic Years”, in The Great Game: On Secret Service in High Asia, London: John Murray, →ISBN; republished Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, 2001, →ISBN, strana 478:
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    • 2008, Elizabeth Elwood, “Gilda Died for Love”, in A Black Tie Affair: And Other Mystery Stories, Lincoln, Neb.: iUniverse, →ISBN, strana 113:
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    • 2011, Heather Menzies Jones, chapter 25, in NanoMan, [Morrisville, N.C.]: Lulu.com, →ISBN, strana 133:
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    • 2012 September, Ta-Nehisi Coates, “Fear of a Black President”, in James Bennet, editor, The Atlantic[1], Washington, D.C.: The Atlantic Monthly Group, ISSN 1072-7825, OCLC 936540106, archived from the original on 3 January 2020:
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Derived terms

Translations

References

  1. semaphore”, in OED Online Paid subscription required, Oxford: Oxford University Press, March 2014; “semaphore, n.”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–present.
  2. semaphore”, in OED Online Paid subscription required, Oxford: Oxford University Press, March 2014; “semaphore, v.”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–present.

Further reading

Anagrams